Italia and Russia at Dubna
Round Table 4
Black Holes in Mathematics and
Physics
December 15-18, 2011
Small, dark, and heavy: Small, dark, and heavy: But is it a black hole?But is it a black hole?
Trust but verify!Trust but verify!
Plamen Fiziev, Dmitrii Shirkov
BLTF, JINR, Dubna
Black HolesBlack Holes
The term “Black Hole” in GR:
Born on 29 December 1967
West Ballroom, NY Hilton Hotel
by John Wheeler (09.06.1911-13.04.2008)
“This innocent question is more subtle than one might expect, and the answer depends very much on whether one is thinking as an observational astronomer, a classical general relativist, or a theoretical physicist.”
Astronomers have certainly seen things that are small, dark, and heavy.
Classical general relativist: Eternal black holes certainly exist mathematically. Theoretical physicist: We have not seen direct observational evidence of the event horizon. The mathematical solutions suffer essential physical shortcomings !
arXiv:0901.4365v2 [gr-qc] Matt Visser, Black holes in general relativity Do black holes “exist” ?
Visser M, Barcelo C, Liberati S, Sonego S: gr-qc/0902.0346 Small, dark, and heavy: But is it a black hole?
Roy Patrick Kerr: arXiv:0706.1109, in “The Kerr Spacetime", Eds D.L. Wiltshire, M. Visser and S.M. Scott, Cambridge Univ. Press,2009.
“…However, the Kruskal extension has no application to a real black hole formed by the collapse of a spherically symmetric body and the same is true for Kerr.
… What I believe to be more likely is that the inner event horizon neveractually forms.
… Many theorems have been claimed stating that a singularity must exist if certain conditions are satisfied, but they all make assumptions that may not be true for collapse to a black hole.”
PRL, 28, 452 (1972)
According to common belief, the decay/evaporation of BHs does not conserve any global U(1)-quantum numbers and, in particular, baryonic, B, and leptonic, L, charges.F. C. Adams, G. Laughlin, M. Mbonye, Phys.Rev. D 58 (1998) 083003.
Ya.B. Zeldovich, Phys. Lett. A 59, 254 (1976); Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 72, 18 (1977).
Proton decay can be mediated by a virtual BH.
A.A. Logunov, M. A. Mestvirishvili, S.S. Gershtein (2010-11),
claim:•Hilbert’s Causality Principle •Baryon Number Conservation and •Equations of General Relativity •Exclude a Possibility of the Black Hole Formation
A TOUGH CHOICE FOR ME:(remember Hamlet’s doubt)
BLACK HOLES or Standard Conservation Laws ???
And for YOU ???
?
BH mimikers
George Chapline: Black holes 'do not exist‘“These mysterious objects are dark-energy stars”, physicist claims. (march, 2005)
arXiv:0801.2786 C.Bambi, A. D. Dolgov, and A. A. PetrovMany production mechanisms have been suggested, but so far no one is completely satisfactory.
Trust but verify: The case for astrophysical black holes
Scott A. Hughes arXiv:hep-ph/0511217
?M87 jet versus HH46-
47 jet
GW?
astro-ph/0803.0322
Ramesh Narayan, Jeffrey E. McClintock
Eddington-scaled luminosities (0.5–10 keV) of BH
transients (filled circles) and NS transients (open circles)
versus the orbital period .
How to see the event horizon
PF CQG, 23, 2006. JPC, 2007: Grav-modes using the Heun functions
Detweiler S., Black holes and gravitational waves. III - The resonant frequencies of rotating holes, ApJ 239, 292-295, (1980).Dreyer O., Kelly B., Krishnan B., Finn L. S., Garrison D., Lopez-Aleman R., Black-hole spectroscopy: testing general relativity through gravitational-wave observations, Class. Quantum Grav. 21, 787-803 (2004)Chirenti C. B. M. H., Rezzolla L., How to tell a gravastar from a blackhole, CQG 24,I.16: pp. 4191-4206
EM modesPF, D Staicova: ASS, PRD 2010-11
using the Heun functions
Kerr EM QNMKerr EM modesfor primary jets
arXiv:0905.1028 [astro-ph.HE]
arXiv:0905.1028 arXiv:0902.351
Critical Thoughts on Cosmology
Original: ApJ Lett. 674 L1-4, 2008, MASS FUNCTIONS OF THE ACTIVE BLACK HOLES IN DISTANT QUASARS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DATA RELEASE 3 M. Vestergaard, X. Fan, C. A. Tremonti, Patrick S. Osmer, and Gordon T. Richards
15,180 quazars
Wolfgang Kund
arXiv:0911.1355
62,185 quazars
old yang
Neutron Star Discovered Where a Black Neutron Star Discovered Where a Black
Hole Was Expect Hole Was Expect ((November, 2005), November, 2005),
Westerlund 1Westerlund 1
A very massive star collapsed to form a neutron star and not a black hole as expected, according results from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. This discovery shows that nature has a harder time making black holes than previously thought.
ArXiv:0903.010
Testing black hole no-hair theorem with OJ287, arXiv:1108.586OJ 287 binary black hole system, arXiv:1112.1162
The light curve of the quasar OJ 287 extends from 1891 up today.The correctness of General Relativity has now been demonstrated up to the third Post-Newtonian order .
In
One of the results of ColumbusOne of the results of Columbus
expedition:expedition:
We are still speaking about (American)
Indians who have never seen India
It was Amerigo Vespucci who first had
recognized that they have
discovered not India, but
SOMETHING MUCH MORE INTERSTING
A NEW CONTINENT AMERICA
?
Thank YouThank You