Italia and Russia at Dubna

Round Table 4

Black Holes in Mathematics and

Physics

December 15-18, 2011

Small, dark, and heavy: Small, dark, and heavy: But is it a black hole?But is it a black hole?

Trust but verify!Trust but verify!

Plamen Fiziev, Dmitrii Shirkov

BLTF, JINR, Dubna

Black HolesBlack Holes

The term “Black Hole” in GR:

Born on 29 December 1967

West Ballroom, NY Hilton Hotel

by John Wheeler (09.06.1911-13.04.2008)

“This innocent question is more subtle than one might expect, and the answer depends very much on whether one is thinking as an observational astronomer, a classical general relativist, or a theoretical physicist.”

Astronomers have certainly seen things that are small, dark, and heavy.

Classical general relativist: Eternal black holes certainly exist mathematically. Theoretical physicist: We have not seen direct observational evidence of the event horizon. The mathematical solutions suffer essential physical shortcomings !

arXiv:0901.4365v2 [gr-qc] Matt Visser, Black holes in general relativity Do black holes “exist” ?

Visser M, Barcelo C, Liberati S, Sonego S: gr-qc/0902.0346 Small, dark, and heavy: But is it a black hole?

Roy Patrick Kerr: arXiv:0706.1109, in “The Kerr Spacetime", Eds D.L. Wiltshire, M. Visser and S.M. Scott, Cambridge Univ. Press,2009.

“…However, the Kruskal extension has no application to a real black hole formed by the collapse of a spherically symmetric body and the same is true for Kerr.

… What I believe to be more likely is that the inner event horizon neveractually forms.

… Many theorems have been claimed stating that a singularity must exist if certain conditions are satisfied, but they all make assumptions that may not be true for collapse to a black hole.”

PRL, 28, 452 (1972)

According to common belief, the decay/evaporation of BHs does not conserve any global U(1)-quantum numbers and, in particular, baryonic, B, and leptonic, L, charges.F. C. Adams, G. Laughlin, M. Mbonye, Phys.Rev. D 58 (1998) 083003.

Ya.B. Zeldovich, Phys. Lett. A 59, 254 (1976); Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 72, 18 (1977).

Proton decay can be mediated by a virtual BH.

A.A. Logunov, M. A. Mestvirishvili, S.S. Gershtein (2010-11),

claim:•Hilbert’s Causality Principle •Baryon Number Conservation and •Equations of General Relativity •Exclude a Possibility of the Black Hole Formation

A TOUGH CHOICE FOR ME:(remember Hamlet’s doubt)

BLACK HOLES or Standard Conservation Laws ???

And for YOU ???

?

BH mimikers

George Chapline: Black holes 'do not exist‘“These mysterious objects are dark-energy stars”, physicist claims. (march, 2005)

arXiv:0801.2786 C.Bambi, A. D. Dolgov, and A. A. PetrovMany production mechanisms have been suggested, but so far no one is completely satisfactory.

Trust but verify: The case for astrophysical black holes

Scott A. Hughes arXiv:hep-ph/0511217

?M87 jet versus HH46-

47 jet

GW?

astro-ph/0803.0322

Ramesh Narayan, Jeffrey E. McClintock

Eddington-scaled luminosities (0.5–10 keV) of BH

transients (filled circles) and NS transients (open circles)

versus the orbital period .

How to see the event horizon

PF CQG, 23, 2006. JPC, 2007: Grav-modes using the Heun functions

Detweiler S., Black holes and gravitational waves. III - The resonant frequencies of rotating holes, ApJ 239, 292-295, (1980).Dreyer O., Kelly B., Krishnan B., Finn L. S., Garrison D., Lopez-Aleman R., Black-hole spectroscopy: testing general relativity through gravitational-wave observations, Class. Quantum Grav. 21, 787-803 (2004)Chirenti C. B. M. H., Rezzolla L., How to tell a gravastar from a blackhole, CQG 24,I.16: pp. 4191-4206

EM modesPF, D Staicova: ASS, PRD 2010-11

using the Heun functions

Kerr EM QNMKerr EM modesfor primary jets

arXiv:0905.1028 [astro-ph.HE]

arXiv:0905.1028 arXiv:0902.351

Critical Thoughts on Cosmology

Original: ApJ Lett. 674 L1-4, 2008, MASS FUNCTIONS OF THE ACTIVE BLACK HOLES IN DISTANT QUASARS FROM THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY DATA RELEASE 3 M. Vestergaard, X. Fan, C. A. Tremonti, Patrick S. Osmer, and Gordon T. Richards

15,180 quazars

Wolfgang Kund

arXiv:0911.1355

62,185 quazars

old yang

Neutron Star Discovered Where a Black Neutron Star Discovered Where a Black

Hole Was Expect Hole Was Expect ((November, 2005), November, 2005),

Westerlund 1Westerlund 1

A very massive star collapsed to form a neutron star and not a black hole as expected, according results from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory. This discovery shows that nature has a harder time making black holes than previously thought.

ArXiv:0903.010

Testing black hole no-hair theorem with OJ287, arXiv:1108.586OJ 287 binary black hole system, arXiv:1112.1162

The light curve of the quasar OJ 287 extends from 1891 up today.The correctness of General Relativity has now been demonstrated up to the third Post-Newtonian order .

In

One of the results of ColumbusOne of the results of Columbus

expedition:expedition:

We are still speaking about (American)

Indians who have never seen India

It was Amerigo Vespucci who first had

recognized that they have

discovered not India, but

SOMETHING MUCH MORE INTERSTING

A NEW CONTINENT AMERICA

?

Thank YouThank You