“Introduction to Remote sensing
and GIS (Geographical Information System)”
Presented by Rehana Jamal
Topic
Dated :05/10/14
Database Management System , Remote sensing and GIS (Geographical Information System)
Subject
Lecture#3 Part-I0
5/1
1/1
4
1
What is Remote sensing?
Remote sensing is a technique of collecting information from a distance
Remotely sensed data
The data collected from a distance
2
05
/11
/14
OR
“Remote Sensing (RS) is the science and art of acquiring information about material objects, area, or phenomenon, without coming into physical contact with the objects, areas, or phenomenon under investigation “
Definitions of Remote Sensing
“Remote sensing is the science and art of obtaining information about an object ,area or phenomenon through the analysis of data acquired by a device that is not in contact with the object, area or phenomenon under investigation”
OR
05
/11
/14
3
What is GIS?
“GIS is a computer system that can hold and use data describing places on the Earth’s surface.”
Rhind(1989)
“A set of tools for collecting, storing, retrieval at will, transforming, and displaying spatial data from the real world for a particular set of purposes”
Burrough(1986)
“A system for capturing , storing, checking, integrating, manipulating, analyzing and displaying data which are spatially referenced to the Earth”
Department of the Environment4
05
/11
/14
4
Brief history of Remote sensing First aerial photograph was taken from a balloon suspended over Paris
by the French photographer and balloonist Gaspard-Felix Tournachon, known as “Nadar”, in 1858
Aerial photographs by balloons in 1860 1st Military use of photograph in American Civil War to analyze the
defence in1862 Balloons, Aerophile i & ii by French Richards Brothers in1893 Leon P.Teisserenc de Bort, a French meteorologist founded two
parts of atmosphere in 1899 TROPOSPHERE up to 700 miles STRATOSPHERE above 700 miles Weather kites were after balloons up to 11000-12000 ft. Small cameras & faster lenses and films were available by early
1900. Wilber Wright took 1st photograph from airplane in 1909 At the end of 1918: 56000prints of aerial photographs were taken Aerial photography 1st used in the 2nd World War In 1920-1930s Amphibious bush plane used in Canada Space ships :Sputnik i-(1957) & ii-(1958) Satellite imagery presently used started from 1972
05
/11
/14
5
Honore Daumier, (Nadar elevating Photography to Art), published in Le
Boulevard, May 25, 1862.
Hot air belloons
Gas balloons: Hydrogen, Helium,Ammonia,Coal gas, Methane
Roziere balloons
Balloon landing in Mashgh square, Iran (Persia), at the time of Nasser al-
Din Shah Qajar, around 1850
Balloons
05
/11
/14
6
Kite photo of San Francisco after the earthquake of 1906
The first kite aerial photographs were taken by British
meteorologist Douglas Archibald in 1887 and Arthur Batut in (France) in 1888.
Manned kite flying and aerial photography was advanced also by
French Marcel Maillot,
British Robert Baden-Powel,
Americans Charles Lamson and William Abner Eddy,
Australian Lawrence Hargrave (inventor of box kite in 1893 and kite train in 1884) and French Captain Saconney.
Kite Aerial Photography (KAP)
05
/11
/14
7
A modern blimp from Airship Good year blimp
Early Chinese rocket (First solid rocket in 9th century)
Alexander the GreatHere Alexander holds a rocket, the first depiction of one
Rockets
Blims
Three reusable future space vehicles concepts under consideration by NASA.
05
/11
/14
8
First airmail service by helicopter in Los Angeles, 1947
Frenchman Etienne Oehmichen, set the first helicopter world record recognized by the (FAI) on 14 April 1924, flying his helicopter 360 meters (1,181 ft).
Oehmichen N°2 1922
Modern aerostat, U.S. Air Force
Helicopters
Open ceremony was conducted in 2010 Common wealth Games
05
/11
/14
9
Dirigibles
From the French ( to direct plus -ible), meaning "directable" or steerable
A modern airship
All modern airships, since the 1960s, use helium
Airships were the first aircraft to enable controlled, powered flight, and were widely used before the 1940s
In the background, ZR-3, in front of it, (l to r) J-3 or 4, K-1, ZMC-2, in front of them, "Caquot" observation balloon, and in foreground free balloons used for training. US Navy airships and balloons, 1931
05
/11
/14
10
Parachutes/skydiving
Jump with Russian flag 12-way formation with videographer seen in upper-right corner
The history of skydiving starts with Andre- Jacques Garnerin who made successful parachute jumps from a hot-air balloon in 1797. The military developed parachuting technology as a way to save aircrews from emergencies aboard balloons and aircraft in flight, later as a way of delivering soldiers to the battlefield. Early competitions date back to the 1930s, and it became an international sport in 1952.
05
/11
/14
11
Pakistan’s satellites
Badr-1 prior to its launch
Artificial communication satellite
Launched from Xichang Launch Centre in July,1990
The satellite was designed in SUPARCO Satellite Control Center at Lahore
Badr-B, also known as Badr-2, is the research and Earth observation satellite. It was launched from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Baikonur, Kazakhstan on December 10, 2001 abroad a Ukrainian Zenit-2 rocket.
Badr-2 is developed in collaboration with UK industry and science institutes
PAKSAT-1R
Launched on Aug.12,2011
05
/11
/14
12
Spatial data acquisition techniques
Remote sensing is a spatial data acquisition technique:
Agronomist: forecast the agricultural period
An urban planner: identify areas illegally built
An Engineer: determine optical configuration( terrain obstacles of buildings) for siting relay stations for Telecommunication companies
Mining Engineer: explore the area to map the surface mineralogy
Climatologist: identify the parameters including sea currents, meteorology, energy interactions between the land and water
05
/11
/14
13
Use of Remote sensing
Techniques:
Aerial photography
Airborne radar
Scanner data
Satellite imagery
Remote sensing techniques are used to take measurements
Uses:Topographic maps Forestry Geology Land use Soil maps City maps
05
/11
/14
14
Methods of Spatial data acquisition
Conducting interviews
Land surveying
Laboratory measurements of samples
Interpretation of satellite images
Measurements by in situ sensors
Aerial photographs
05
/11
/14
15
Two main categories of Spatial data acquisition
Ground based methods
Remote sensing methods
Real world Observation & measurements
Spatial database
Real worldSpatial database
Observation & measurementsSensors
Image data
05
/11
/14
16
Applications of Remote sensing
Remote sensing provides image data
Remote sensing requires ground data
Remote sensing provides area covering data
Remote sensing surface data
Remote sensing is suited to areas difficult to access
Remote sensing provides multipurpose image data
05
/11
/14
17
References: www.google.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial_photography
Principles of Remote sensing edited by Lucas L.E. Janssen(Ch#1)
http://www.suparco.gov.pk/pages/paksat1r.asp ?satlinksid=1
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/space/teachers/rockets/history.html
05
/11
/14
18
Possible Exam Questions
Q1.Define the following: 3*3=9
Remote sensing
GIS
Spatial data
Q2.Define Remote sensing. Describe in detail the applications of remote sensing.
15 Marks
Q3. Define spatial data.what are the spatial data acquisition techniques?
15 Marks
Q4.Write a note on brief history of remote sensing. 5 Marks05
/11
/14
19