INTRODUCTION TO
MATTER
MATTER: HAS MASS AND VOLUMEANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES
SPACECHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF MATTER
THE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATTER
THE WAY MATTER CHANGES AND BEHAVES WHEN INFLUENCED BY OTHER MATTER AND/OR ENERGY
STATES OF MATTER
STATE DEFINITION EXAMPLESSOLID RIGID: HAS A FIXED SHAPE
AND VOLUMEICE CUBE, DIAMOND, IRON BAR
LIQUID HAS A DEFINITTE VOLUME BUT TAKES THE SHAPE OF ITS CONTAINER
GASOLINE, WATER, BLOOD, KOOL-AIDE
GAS HAS NO FIXED VOLUME OR SHAPE: IT TAKES THE SHAPE AND VOLUME OF ITS CONTAINER
AIR, HELIUM, OXYGEN
CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES
PROPERTIES THAT ARE TRUE FOR A TYPE OF MATTER THE SIZE
THESE PROPERTIES NEVER CHANGE
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• THE INHERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER THAT ARE DIRECTLY OBSERVABLE
• COLOR
• MELTING POINT: THE TEMPERATURE WHEN A SOLID TURNS TO A LIQUID
• BOILING POINT: THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID TURNS TO A GAS
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER THAT ALLOW IT TO FORM A NEW SUBSTANCE
• COMBUSTION
• ABILITY TO BURN
• CORROSION
• RUSTING
CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY
• ETHYL ALCOHOL BOILING AT 78 *C
• HARDNESS OF A DIAMOND.
• THE COLOR OF SOIL.
• SUGAR FERMENTING TO FORM ETHYL ALCOHOL
CHANGES IN MATTER
• PHYSICAL CHANGE: CHANGES TO MATTER THAT DO NOT RESULT IN A CHANGE TO THE INHERENT MAKE-UP OF THE SUBSTANCE
• CHANGING STATES: BOILING, MELTING, CONDENSATION, EVAPORATION, SUBLIMATION
• CHEMICAL CHANGE: CHANGES THAT INVOLVE A CHANGE IN THE FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF THE SUBSTANCE. NEW SUBSTANCE FORMED
• CHEMICAL REACTIONS FORMED
PHASE CHANGESState to state Heat added or removed
MELTING SOLID TO LIQUID ADD
FREEZING LIQUID TO SOLID REMOVE
BOILING LIQUID TO GAS ADD
CONDENSATION GAS TO LIQUID REMOVE
EVAPORATION LIQUID TO GAS (AT SURFACE ONLY)
ADD
VAPORIZATION LIQUID TO GAS(THROUGHOUT ENTIRE SUBSTANCE)
ADD
SUBLIMATION SOLID TO GAS(WITHOUT BECOMING A LIQUID)
ADD
CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE
• IRON METAL MELTING
• IRON COMBINING WITH OXYGEN TO FORM RUST
• SUGAR FERMENTING TO FORM ETHYL ALCOHOL
CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER
MATTER
PURE SUBTANCEMIXTURE
ELEMENTSCOMPOUN
DS
HOMOGENEOUS
HETEROGENEOUS
HOMOGENEOUS MATTER
• UNIFORM COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT THE SUBSTANCE
• ALL PURE SUBSTANCES
• SOLUTIONS: WELL MIXED MIXTURE
• SOLVENT: THE SUBSTANCE IN WHICH SOMETHING IS DISSOLVED
• SOLUTE : THE SUBSTANCE WHICH IS DISSOLVED
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
• NON-UNIFORM: CONTAINS REGIONS WITH DIFFERENT PROPERTIES THAN OTHER REGIONS
PURE SUBSTANCES
• ALL SAMPLES HAVE THE SAME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
• CONSTANT COMPOSITION
• THEY ARE HOMOGENEOUS
• ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES
ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS
• ELEMENTS: SUBSTANCES THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES BY CHEMICAL REACTIONS
• MOST SUBSTANCES ARE CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS OF ELEMENTS. THESE COMBINATIONS ARE CALLED COMPOUNDS.
• COMPOUNDS ARE MADE OF ELEMENTS
• COMPOUNDS CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO ELEMENTS
MIXTURES
• DIFFERENT SAMPLES MAY SHOW DIFFERENT PROPERTIES
• VARIABLE COMPOSITION
• HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS
• SEPARATE INTO COMPONENTS BASED ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
• ALL MIXTURES ARE MADE OF PURE SUBSTANCES
SOLUTIONS
• A SOLUTION IS A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
• PHASE CAN BE GASEOUS, LIQUID, OR SOLID
IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PURE SUBSTANCE, HOMOGENEOUS OR
HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE• GASOLINE
• A STREAM WITH GRAVEL ON THE BOTTOM
• COPPER METAL