INTRODUCTION TO

MATTER

MATTER: HAS MASS AND VOLUMEANYTHING THAT HAS MASS AND OCCUPIES

SPACECHEMISTRY IS THE STUDY OF MATTER

THE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF MATTER

THE WAY MATTER CHANGES AND BEHAVES WHEN INFLUENCED BY OTHER MATTER AND/OR ENERGY

STATES OF MATTER

STATE DEFINITION EXAMPLESSOLID RIGID: HAS A FIXED SHAPE

AND VOLUMEICE CUBE, DIAMOND, IRON BAR

LIQUID HAS A DEFINITTE VOLUME BUT TAKES THE SHAPE OF ITS CONTAINER

GASOLINE, WATER, BLOOD, KOOL-AIDE

GAS HAS NO FIXED VOLUME OR SHAPE: IT TAKES THE SHAPE AND VOLUME OF ITS CONTAINER

AIR, HELIUM, OXYGEN

CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES

PROPERTIES THAT ARE TRUE FOR A TYPE OF MATTER THE SIZE

THESE PROPERTIES NEVER CHANGE

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• THE INHERENT CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER THAT ARE DIRECTLY OBSERVABLE

• COLOR

• MELTING POINT: THE TEMPERATURE WHEN A SOLID TURNS TO A LIQUID

• BOILING POINT: THE TEMPERATURE AT WHICH A LIQUID TURNS TO A GAS

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• THE CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER THAT ALLOW IT TO FORM A NEW SUBSTANCE

• COMBUSTION

• ABILITY TO BURN

• CORROSION

• RUSTING

CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROPERTY

• ETHYL ALCOHOL BOILING AT 78 *C

• HARDNESS OF A DIAMOND.

• THE COLOR OF SOIL.

• SUGAR FERMENTING TO FORM ETHYL ALCOHOL

CHANGES IN MATTER

• PHYSICAL CHANGE: CHANGES TO MATTER THAT DO NOT RESULT IN A CHANGE TO THE INHERENT MAKE-UP OF THE SUBSTANCE

• CHANGING STATES: BOILING, MELTING, CONDENSATION, EVAPORATION, SUBLIMATION

• CHEMICAL CHANGE: CHANGES THAT INVOLVE A CHANGE IN THE FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF THE SUBSTANCE. NEW SUBSTANCE FORMED

• CHEMICAL REACTIONS FORMED

PHASE CHANGESState to state Heat added or removed

MELTING SOLID TO LIQUID ADD

FREEZING LIQUID TO SOLID REMOVE

BOILING LIQUID TO GAS ADD

CONDENSATION GAS TO LIQUID REMOVE

EVAPORATION LIQUID TO GAS (AT SURFACE ONLY)

ADD

VAPORIZATION LIQUID TO GAS(THROUGHOUT ENTIRE SUBSTANCE)

ADD

SUBLIMATION SOLID TO GAS(WITHOUT BECOMING A LIQUID)

ADD

CLASSIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL CHANGE

• IRON METAL MELTING

• IRON COMBINING WITH OXYGEN TO FORM RUST

• SUGAR FERMENTING TO FORM ETHYL ALCOHOL

CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

MATTER

PURE SUBTANCEMIXTURE

ELEMENTSCOMPOUN

DS

HOMOGENEOUS

HETEROGENEOUS

HOMOGENEOUS MATTER

• UNIFORM COMPOSITION THROUGHOUT THE SUBSTANCE

• ALL PURE SUBSTANCES

• SOLUTIONS: WELL MIXED MIXTURE

• SOLVENT: THE SUBSTANCE IN WHICH SOMETHING IS DISSOLVED

• SOLUTE : THE SUBSTANCE WHICH IS DISSOLVED

HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE

• NON-UNIFORM: CONTAINS REGIONS WITH DIFFERENT PROPERTIES THAN OTHER REGIONS

PURE SUBSTANCES

• ALL SAMPLES HAVE THE SAME PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES

• CONSTANT COMPOSITION

• THEY ARE HOMOGENEOUS

• ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS EXAMPLES

ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS

• ELEMENTS: SUBSTANCES THAT CANNOT BE BROKEN DOWN INTO SIMPLER SUBSTANCES BY CHEMICAL REACTIONS

• MOST SUBSTANCES ARE CHEMICAL COMBINATIONS OF ELEMENTS. THESE COMBINATIONS ARE CALLED COMPOUNDS.

• COMPOUNDS ARE MADE OF ELEMENTS

• COMPOUNDS CAN BE BROKEN DOWN INTO ELEMENTS

MIXTURES

• DIFFERENT SAMPLES MAY SHOW DIFFERENT PROPERTIES

• VARIABLE COMPOSITION

• HOMOGENEOUS OR HETEROGENEOUS

• SEPARATE INTO COMPONENTS BASED ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES

• ALL MIXTURES ARE MADE OF PURE SUBSTANCES

SOLUTIONS

• A SOLUTION IS A HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE

• PHASE CAN BE GASEOUS, LIQUID, OR SOLID

IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING AS A PURE SUBSTANCE, HOMOGENEOUS OR

HETEROGENOUS MIXTURE• GASOLINE

• A STREAM WITH GRAVEL ON THE BOTTOM

• COPPER METAL