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INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION ——————————————————————————————————

IRPA 1111th International Congress of the International Radiation Protection

Association23 – 28 May 2004, Madrid, Spain

2005 RECOMMENDATIONS OF ICRP

IRPA 11IRPA 111111thth International Congress of the International Radiation ProtectioInternational Congress of the International Radiation Protection n

AssociationAssociation23 23 –– 28 May 2004, Madrid, Spain28 May 2004, Madrid, Spain

2005 RECOMMENDATIONS 2005 RECOMMENDATIONS OF ICRPOF ICRP

ROGER H CLARKE

CHAIRMAN

ROGER H CLARKE

CHAIRMAN


FEATURES OF RECOMMENDATIONSFEATURES OF RECOMMENDATIONS

PUBLICATION 100?

2005 Recommendations of the International Commission on

Radiological Protection

Quantities in Radiological Protection

Biological Aspects

General System of Protection

Quantitative Recommendations

Optimization of Protection

Medical Exposures

Potential Exposures

Exclusion from the Recommendations

Radiological Protection of the Environment

Quantities in Radiological ProtectionQuantities in Radiological Protection

Biological AspectsBiological Aspects

General System of ProtectionGeneral System of Protection

Quantitative RecommendationsQuantitative Recommendations

Optimization of Protection Optimization of Protection

Medical ExposuresMedical Exposures

Potential ExposuresPotential Exposures

Exclusion from the RecommendationsExclusion from the Recommendations

Radiological Protection of the EnvironmentRadiological Protection of the Environment

Volume 35 Issue 4 2005?


EFFECTIVE DOSEEFFECTIVE DOSEEFFECTIVE DOSE

E = ΣΣΣΣ wT ΣΣΣΣ wR DT,RT R

The major changes are:

New values of wR are proposed following a review of RBE data

-for protons wR is reduced from 5 to 2

-for neutrons < 1 MeV wR is reduced by ~ 2 and recommended in the form of a continuous curve.

New values of wT are proposed following a review of risk data for somatic and hereditary defects

-for gonads risk is reduced by ~ 4 following UNSCEAR 2001

EE = = ΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣ wwTT ΣΣΣΣΣΣΣΣ wwRR DDT,RT,RT RT R

The major changes are: The major changes are:

New values of New values of wwR R are proposed following a review of RBE dataare proposed following a review of RBE data

--for protons for protons wwRR is reduced from 5 to 2is reduced from 5 to 2

--for neutrons for neutrons < 1 MeV< 1 MeV wwRR is reduced by is reduced by ~ 2 and ~ 2 and recommended recommended in the form of a continuous curve.in the form of a continuous curve.

New values of New values of wwT T are proposed following a review of risk data for are proposed following a review of risk data for somatic and hereditary defectssomatic and hereditary defects

--for gonads risk is reduced by for gonads risk is reduced by ~ 4 following UNSCEAR 2001~ 4 following UNSCEAR 2001


PROPOSEDPROPOSED wwRR FOR NEUTRONSFOR NEUTRONS

wR = 2.5 + 18.2 exp[-(ln En)2/6] …...……for En< 1 Mev= 5.0 + 17.0 exp[-(ln 2 En)2/6]….…..for En >1 MeV

ICRP 60 histogram

ICRP 60 function

2005 Proposed 2005 Proposed functionfunction


19901990 20052005

GonadsGonads 0.200.20Bone marrowBone marrow 0.120.12

Bone marrow Bone marrow 0.120.12 BreastBreastColon Colon ColonColonLung Lung LungLungStomach Stomach StomachStomachBladderBladder 0.05 0.05 BladderBladder 0.050.05Liver Liver LiverLiverOesophagus Oesophagus OesophagusOesophagusThyroid Thyroid ThyroidThyroidBreastBreast GonadsGonadsSkinSkin 0.010.01 SkinSkin 0.010.01Bone surface Bone surface Bone surfaceBone surface

BrainBrainKidneyKidneySalivary glandsSalivary glands

RemainderRemainder 0.050.05 RemainderRemainder 0.10.1

PROPOSED PROPOSED wwTT VALUESVALUES


TREATMENT OF REMAINDER TREATMENT OF REMAINDER TISSUESTISSUES

The The wwTT of 0.1 is given to the dose averaged of 0.1 is given to the dose averaged equally over the following 14 tissues or organsequally over the following 14 tissues or organs

Adipose tissue, Adrenals, Connective tissue, ET Adipose tissue, Adrenals, Connective tissue, ET regionregionaa, Gall bladder, Heart wall, Lymphatic nodes, , Gall bladder, Heart wall, Lymphatic nodes,

Muscle, Pancreas, Prostate, SI Wall, Spleen, Thymus, Muscle, Pancreas, Prostate, SI Wall, Spleen, Thymus, Uterus/cervix.Uterus/cervix.

a As defined in ICRP Publication 66, includes anterior (ET1) and posterior nasal passages, larynx, pharynx and mouth (ET2).


BIOLOGICAL ASPECTSBIOLOGICAL ASPECTS

Induction of tissue reactionsInduction of tissue reactions

RBERBE--weighted absorbed dose weighted absorbed dose ((GyGy--EqEq))

CancerCancerMechanismsMechanismsEpidemiologyEpidemiologyHereditary effectsHereditary effectsEmbryo and fetusEmbryo and fetusGenetic susceptibilityGenetic susceptibility

NonNon--cancer diseasescancer diseases

DNA mutation


DETRIMENT COEFFICIENTS DETRIMENT COEFFICIENTS (% Sv(% Sv--11))

5.65.64.94.90.10.14.84.8Adult Adult workers workers

7.37.36.56.50.20.26.3 6.3 Whole Whole populationpopulation

DetrimentDetrimentPub.60 Pub.60

Detriment Detriment 20052005

Lethality Lethality adjusted adjusted heritable heritable effectseffects

Lethality Lethality adjusted adjusted cancer cancer

risk risk

Exposed Exposed population population


THE 2005 SYSTEM OF PROTECTIONTHE 2005 SYSTEM OF PROTECTION

JUSTIFICATIONJUSTIFICATION

QUANTITATIVE RECOMMENDATIONSQUANTITATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS

OPTIMIZATION OPTIMIZATION


JUSTIFICATION OF NEW JUSTIFICATION OF NEW CONTROLLABLE SOURCESCONTROLLABLE SOURCES

Justifying net benefit is Justifying net benefit is primarily for the primarily for the appropriate authoritiesappropriate authorities

Radiological considerations Radiological considerations are only one inputare only one input

ICRP recommendations apply to practices only ICRP recommendations apply to practices only when declared justified and to natural when declared justified and to natural controllable sourcescontrollable sources

Patient exposures need separate considerationPatient exposures need separate consideration



JUSTIFICATION JUSTIFICATION

QUANTITATIVE QUANTITATIVE RECOMMENDATIONSRECOMMENDATIONS

OPTIMIZATION OPTIMIZATION


THE PUBLIC IS PROTECTED THE PUBLIC IS PROTECTED --

FROM AFROM A SINGLESINGLE SOURCE IN SOURCE IN NORMAL, EMERGENCY, AND NORMAL, EMERGENCY, AND CONTROLLABLE EXPOSURE CONTROLLABLE EXPOSURE SITUATIONS BY SITUATIONS BY

THE DOSE CONSTRAINTSTHE DOSE CONSTRAINTS

FROMFROM ALLALL REGULATED REGULATED SOURCES SOURCES ONLYONLY IN NORMAL IN NORMAL SITUATIONS BYSITUATIONS BY

THE DOSE LIMITSTHE DOSE LIMITS


THE WORKER IS PROTECTED THE WORKER IS PROTECTED --

FROM AFROM A SINGLESINGLE SOURCE IN SOURCE IN NORMAL, EMERGENCY, AND NORMAL, EMERGENCY, AND CONTROLLABLE EXPOSURE CONTROLLABLE EXPOSURE SITUATIONS BY SITUATIONS BY

THE DOSE CONSTRAINTSTHE DOSE CONSTRAINTS

FROMFROM ALLALL REGULATED REGULATED SOURCES SOURCES ONLYONLY IN NORMAL IN NORMAL SITUATIONS BYSITUATIONS BY

THE DOSE LIMITSTHE DOSE LIMITS


THE 2005 SYSTEM OF PROTECTIONTHE 2005 SYSTEM OF PROTECTIONJUSTIFICATION

QUANTITATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS

SOURCE CONSTRAINTS

Restrictions are established for the most exposedindividuals

-set by ICRP, and by International Agencies

OPTIMIZATION



SOURCE CONSTRAINTSSOURCE CONSTRAINTS

Restrictions are established for the most exposedRestrictions are established for the most exposedindividualsindividuals

--set by ICRP, and by International Agenciesset by ICRP, and by International Agencies

OPTIMIZATIONOPTIMIZATION


CONSTRAINTS IN 2005CONSTRAINTS IN 2005

FewerFewer can be set but from existing numerical valuescan be set but from existing numerical values--which maintains which maintains continuitycontinuity

They can be explained in terms of multiples or fractions They can be explained in terms of multiples or fractions of backgroundof background

--which achieves which achieves simplicitysimplicity

They are a necessary, but not sufficient criterion for They are a necessary, but not sufficient criterion for protectionprotection

--which requires which requires optimizationoptimization


ICRP’s NEED FOR ACTIONICRP’s NEED FOR ACTIONHIGHHIGH

LOWLOW

NATURAL BACKGROUNDNATURAL BACKGROUNDAROUND 1 mSv/yrAROUND 1 mSv/yr

INCREASINGINCREASING

DECREASINGDECREASING

100 mSv/yr100 mSv/yr

0.01 mSv/yr0.01 mSv/yr


MAXIMUM CONSTRAINTSMAXIMUM CONSTRAINTSEFFECTIVE DOSE IN A YEAR (mSv)EFFECTIVE DOSE IN A YEAR (mSv)

Emergency workers Emergency workers Evacuation or relocation in emergenciesEvacuation or relocation in emergenciesHigh levels of existing controllable exposuresHigh levels of existing controllable exposuresInformation, training, monitoringInformation, training, monitoringNO INDIVIDUAL/SOCIETAL BENEFIT ABOVE NO INDIVIDUAL/SOCIETAL BENEFIT ABOVE

100

Occupational exposureSheltering, stable iodine, in emergenciesExisting exposures such as radon Comforters and carers to patients Information, training, monitoring or assessmentDIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFIT TO THE INDIVIDUALDIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFIT TO THE INDIVIDUAL

20

Normal situations Normal situations No information or training No information or training No individual dose assessmentNo individual dose assessmentSOCIETAL, BUT NO INDIVIDUAL DIRECT BENEFITSOCIETAL, BUT NO INDIVIDUAL DIRECT BENEFIT

11

0.01 Minimum value of any constraint


RADONRADON--222222Recommendations in Publication 65 are adapted for 2005Recommendations in Publication 65 are adapted for 2005

Constraints set where action is almost always warrantedConstraints set where action is almost always warranted

HomeHome 600 Bq m600 Bq m--33

WorkWork 1500 Bq m1500 Bq m--33

NATIONAL AUTHORITY establishes a lower level-

Below which, at work,Below which, at work,exposures are NOT subject exposures are NOT subject to the system of protectionto the system of protection

And, no action to reduce levels in homesAnd, no action to reduce levels in homes



JUSTIFICATION

QUANTITATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS

INDIVIDUAL LIMITS

Already exist in Basic Safety StandardsNo individual is exposed to unacceptable regulated risk in

normal situations

OPTIMIZATION



INDIVIDUAL LIMITSINDIVIDUAL LIMITS

Already exist in Basic Safety StandardsAlready exist in Basic Safety StandardsNo individual is exposed to unacceptable regulated risk No individual is exposed to unacceptable regulated risk in in

normal situationsnormal situations



1 mSv in a year1 mSv in a year

--exceptionally, exceptionally, 1mSv/yr averaged 1mSv/yr averaged over 5 yearsover 5 years

DOSE LIMITS FOR PRACTICESDOSE LIMITS FOR PRACTICES

20 mSv per year 20 mSv per year averaged over 5 yearsaveraged over 5 years

--100 mSv in 5 years and 100 mSv in 5 years and less than 50 mSv in one less than 50 mSv in one yearyear

PUBLICPUBLIC WORKERSWORKERS

Organ or tissueOrgan or tissue Radiation weighted dose (mSv/yr)Radiation weighted dose (mSv/yr)Occupational Occupational PublicPublic

Lens of the eyeLens of the eye 150150 1515The skin The skin 500 500 5050Hands and feetHands and feet 500500 --





OPTIMIZATIONOPTIMIZATIONThere is a duty to reduce doses to achieve a There is a duty to reduce doses to achieve a

higher level of protectionhigher level of protection--the responsibility of operators and the responsibility of operators and

national authoritiesnational authorities


SAFETY CULTURESAFETY CULTUREOptimization of protection is part of a Optimization of protection is part of a successful radiological protection successful radiological protection programmeprogramme

It necessitates It necessitates coco--operation between operation between all parties involved who all parties involved who must subscribe to must subscribe to safety culturesafety cultureas defined in the BSSas defined in the BSS--

“The assembly of characteristics and attitudes in “The assembly of characteristics and attitudes in organizations and individuals which establishes that, organizations and individuals which establishes that, as an overriding priority, protection and safety issues as an overriding priority, protection and safety issues receive the attention warranted by their significance”receive the attention warranted by their significance”


STAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENTSTAKEHOLDER INVOLVEMENT

It may be better to consult It may be better to consult the most directly concerned, the most directly concerned, including representatives of including representatives of those exposed, in determiningthose exposed, in determiningor negotiating, optimizedor negotiating, optimizedprotectionprotection

ICRP can give guidance, ICRP can give guidance, butbut

it is a Task for Operators it is a Task for Operators and National Authoritiesand National Authorities


THE PROTECTION OF GROUPSTHE PROTECTION OF GROUPS

Collective dose is defined asCollective dose is defined as∞ ∞ EEmaxmax

SS =∫ ∫ =∫ ∫ EE((tt) ) ddNN ddEE ddtttt=0 =0 EE=0=0 ddEE

It is of limited utility as it aggregates information It is of limited utility as it aggregates information excessivelyexcessively

For decisionFor decision--aiding, the information should be aiding, the information should be presented as disaggregated datapresented as disaggregated data--the Dose Matrixthe Dose Matrix

For the workforce, the minimum information is For the workforce, the minimum information is the number of workers and their mean dosethe number of workers and their mean dose


EXCLUSION LEVELSEXCLUSION LEVELSICRP recommends that its system of protection ICRP recommends that its system of protection is is notnot applied to materials with activity applied to materials with activity concentrations concentrations belowbelow--

Artificial Radionuclides Artificial Radionuclides α-emitters 0.01 Bq g-1

β/γ emitters 0.1 Bq g-1

Natural radionuclidesNatural radionuclides

238 238 U, U, 232 232 ThTh 1 Bq g1 Bq g--11

40 40 K K 10 Bq g10 Bq g--11


PROTECTION OF THE PATIENTPROTECTION OF THE PATIENTGENERIC JUSTIFICATIONGENERIC JUSTIFICATION

The radiological procedure must provide the necessaryThe radiological procedure must provide the necessaryinformation to improve diagnosis or treatmentinformation to improve diagnosis or treatment

JUSTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL REFERRALJUSTIFY THE INDIVIDUAL REFERRAL

Application of the procedure to an individual Application of the procedure to an individual Patient should be justifiedPatient should be justified


Diagnostic Reference Levels Diagnostic Reference Levels are indicators are indicators of good practiceof good practice

CONSTRAINTSCONSTRAINTS

Needed for comforters and carersNeeded for comforters and carers


POTENTIAL EXPOSURESPOTENTIAL EXPOSURESDose constraintDose constraint Risk constraintRisk constraint

‘‘RiskRisk’’ = probability of incurring dose x Lifetime = probability of incurring dose x Lifetime conditional probability of attributable death conditional probability of attributable death from that dosefrom that dose

Effective dose should Effective dose should not be usednot be used if it is greater than if it is greater than 100 mSv, as there can be tissue reactions in organs 100 mSv, as there can be tissue reactions in organs

Therefore only option is to restrict the probability of the Therefore only option is to restrict the probability of the event occurringevent occurring

‘‘Hot particlesHot particles’’ also addressedalso addressed


PROTECTION OF THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENTENVIRONMENT

Aim:Aim: to develop a policy and a framework for to develop a policy and a framework for environmental radiological protection.environmental radiological protection.

••A Reference EnvironmentA Reference Environment

••Derived Consideration Levels Derived Consideration Levels based on backgroundbased on background

A common system for human A common system for human and nonand non--human specieshuman species


PROPOSED TIMESCALESPROPOSED TIMESCALES

Release of text on webRelease of text on web JuneJune 20042004

Supporting documents Supporting documents October October 20042004finalized by ICRP Committeesfinalized by ICRP Committees

Consideration of commentsConsideration of comments AprilApril 20052005

FINAL TEXT FINAL TEXT -- 20052005