Inducto- Deductive Method =
Inductive Method +
Deductive Method
What is INDUCTIVE METHOD???
A Child Observes a rising of sun and getting of darkness after the setting of sun
This He Observes everyday…
“The Sun Rises Everyday And Also
Sets Everyday”
CONCLUSION:
A Child Eats Green Apple EVERYTIME and Feels its sour taste.
CONCLUSION:
ALL THE GREEN APPLES ARE SOUR IN TASTE
INDUCTIVE METHODPrinciples:Maxims : proceeding from Concrete to Abstract,Particular to general,Example to formula. Direct Experiencing.Conclusions are based on repetition at many times.• Child concludes after each observation.•Child generalizes after many observations
EXAMPLES:
A child measures each and every triangle and concludes
that,“Sum of angles in
every triangle is equal to 180 degrees”
CONCLUSION:
1)Example (a+b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2
(3+2)(3+2)=5x5=253x3+3x2+2x3+2x2=9+6+6+4=25Similarly,For all cases with different values of a &b.It is concluded that,With every letter,(x+y)2 = x2 + 2xy + y2
(p+q)2 = p2 + 2pq + q2
(m+n)2 = m2 + 2mn + n2
He Generalises that,
(1st Term+2nd Term)2 = (1st Term)2 + 2 (1st Term)(2nd Term) + (2nd Term)2
CONCLUSION:
2)Example: a) Simple Interest of Rs. 300/- for 1 years at 4% p. a.4% means 4/100 S.I=4X300/100=12 b) Simple Interest of Rs. 400/- for 3 years at 5% p. a. Simple Interest= 400x3x5= Rs. 60 100
c) Simple Interest of Rs. 600/- for 4 years at 3% p. a. Simple Interest= 600x4x3= Rs. 72 100WHAT WILL BE A CONCLUSION???
generalization: Simple Interest = Principle x rate x time 100i.e. S . I . = p x r x t 100
MERITS: Scientific Method Content becomes crystal clear to students , as they develop on their own formula/ laws / Principle Based on Actual Observation and Experimentation .
-------------------------------------------------------------------- Thinking is Logical Suitable for beginners Increases Pupil –
Teacher Relationship Home Work is reduced.
DEMERITS: Not suitable for all
topics Time Consuming Method
Laborious Method
Not Suitable for all types
of students Un- prepared teacher can
not make use of this
method
DEDUCTIVE METHOD
A child is told “The Sun Rises Everyday And Also Sets Everyday!”
This fact child verifies by daily observation
“ALL THE GREEN APPLES ARE SOUR IN TASTE”
The child may be told that he should never eat the green apple because they are sour.
Afterwards he may verify this facts by tasting green apples.
principles:Maxims : Proceeding from•Abstract to Concrete,• General to Particular,• Formula to Examples. Students are given formula/rules/laws/principles directly . They solve problems using them.
1)EXAMPLES: •Students are told that the sum of angles(3) in a triangle is 180degrees.• Then the students verify the same .•Students will conclude that “sum of angles of triangle is equal to 180 degrees”
2)Ask Students to solve the following problems:( c+ d )2 ,( x+ y )2 ,( i + j )2FORMULA was given to them.Then Students solves those Problems On The basis of following formula:
(1st Term+2nd Term)2 = (1st Term)2 + 2 (1st Term)(2nd
Term) + (2nd Term)2
3)The Teacher may announce that today he is going to learn Simple Interest. He will then give the relevant formula. i.e. S . I . = p x r x t 100And Asks the Student to solve the Problem based on this formula
MERITS: Time Saving Method Suitable to all topics Suitable to all Students Glorifies Memory.
-------------------------------------------------------------- Useful at Revision Stage Enhances Speed and
efficiency Mostly Used at Higher
Stage level
DEMERITS: Unpsychological Method No Originality and Creativity Blind Memorization
------------------------------------------------------------------Educationally Unsound. Students are Passive Learners. Reasoning is not clear
WHICH METHOD?WHICH METHOD? There can be no induction without deduction
and no deduction without induction. Inductive approach is a method for establishing
rules and generalization, and also deriving formulae.
Deductive approach is a method of applying the deduced results and for improving skill and efficiency in solving problems.
Hence a combination of both inductive and deductive approach is known as “Inducto-deductive approach” is most effective for realizing the desired goals.