Indices of Social Development
Developing 6th Index
Ellen Webbink
Indicators available
ISD intended to have 6 indices, but the Inclusion Index was dropped because…
Diagnostics paper:
“… more substantial measure, has been to remove the inclusion of minorities index from the set of indices for the time being, until more robust data becomes available.”
Inclusion of minorities assesses levels of discrimination against vulnerable groups such as indigenous peoples, migrants, refugees, or lower caste groups;
Inclusion of minorities assesses levels of discrimination against vulnerable groups such as indigenous peoples, migrants, refugees, or lower caste groups;
All indices have 4 kinds of indicators
Actionable
Perception-based
Proxy variables Behavioral Public opinion Expert assessment
Civic Activism 0.71 0.24 0.00 0.05
Clubs and Association 0.00 0.79 0.21 0.00
Intergroup Cohesion 0.34 0.13 0.02 0.51
Safety and Trust 0.37 0.12 0.21 0.22
Inclusion of Minorities 0.00 0.14 0.13 0.73
Gender Equity 0.75 0.07 0.04 0.15
AVERAGE 0.48 0.27 0.10 0.15
Challenge: Include proxy variables:
Similar to Gender Equality measure: socio-economic indicators
(Education/occupation/income)
Process
- Update ‘old’ data: Latinobarometer, Afrobarometer, Fund for Peace, International Country Risk Guide, Minorities at Risk, World Value Surveys- Behavorial: e.g. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as
neighbors.- Public opinion: e.g. As far as you know, which of the following groups is most
discriminated against in this country - Expert assessment: Level of ethnic and religious tensions, International Country Risk
Guide rating
- Include ‘new’ data: European Value Studies, European Social Survey and proxy variables
New Variables• New variables
- Proxy Variables:• Education: Distance to the standardized mean in
education (years) across ethnic groups• Occupation 1. Distance to the standardized mean in
occupation(upper nonfarm) across ethnic groups• Both from various sources: DHS, Barometers, ISSP
• Occupation 2 : OECD: ratio’s labour engagement immigrants vs. native-borns
- Opinion:• ESS questions on immigrants
New Variables
Some diagnostics: ESS
-4-3
-2-1
01
avg
_no
_im
m_sa
me
race
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-3-2
-10
12
avg
_no
_im
m_d
iffr
ace
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-3-2
-10
12
avg
_no
_im
m_p
oo
rco
un
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-2-1
01
2a
vg
_im
m_
ba
d_
eco
nom
y
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-3-2
-10
12
avg
_im
m_
ba
d_
cultu
re
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-2-1
01
2a
vg
_im
m_
ba
d_
livin
g
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-4-3
-2-1
01
avg
_dis
cra
ce
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-4-3
-2-1
01
avg
_dis
cn
atio
n
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-4-3
-2-1
01
avg
_dis
cre
li
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-4-3
-2-1
01
avg
_dis
cla
ng
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
-3-2
-10
1a
vg
_dis
ce
thn
ic
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace
New Variables
Some diagnostics: Proxy Variables
New Variables
Some diagnostics: Factor Loadings
Factor 1 Factor 2 Allow no immigrants of same race/ethnic group as majority. 0.9746 0.1681 Allow no immigrants of different race/ethnic group from majority. 0.9031 0.341 Allow no immigrants from poorer countries outside Europe. 0.9231 0.2359 Immigration bad for country's economy. 0.9514 -0.0721 Country's cultural life undermined by immigrant. 0.6649 0.2835 Immigrants make country worse place to live. 0.7323 0.4392 Discrimination of respondent's group: colour or race. 0.5655 0.4784 Discrimination of respondent's group: nationality. 0.0731 0.8368 Discrimination of respondent's group: religion. - 0.2072 -0.5105 Discrimination of respondent's group: language. -0.7967 0.4005 Discrimination of respondent's group: ethnic group. - 0.5538 -0.4664 Distance to the standardized mean in education (years) across ethnic groups 0.9181 -0.3457 Distance to the standardized mean in occupation(upper nonfarm) across ethnic groups 0.9725 -0.1298
Employment rates of native-born and foreign-born population by educational attainment, Low Ed
0.7251 -0.0424
Employment rates of native-born and foreign-born population by educational attainment, intermed Ed
0.6205 -0.4995
Employment rates of native-born and foreign-born population by educational attainment, high Ed
0.9428 -0.2197
New Variables
After indexing: results
SDN
NGAPAKLKAAGOCODBGDCPVMMR
IDNIRQINDDZAGUYMWIGTMPNGUGARWASYRNERBOLJORBHRLBRZWECMRCOGTURZAFECUIRNSAUPANBRABFANAMPERTHALBNSLEMCOPHLKENCHNSRBTZASOMGHAMLIMDGSENDOMHNDKAZISRNICMEXMYSTGOVENMKDGTMMOZBIHEGYBWAPRYLSOCOLALBESTBGRAZECYPZMBETHRUSMDAVNMARMLTUCRIGEOSLVLVAMLTHUNBLRROUSVKNLDFRA
SVNNZLCHLURYUKRAUTCZEBELDEUSGPCANGRCARGPOLHRVGBRCHEAUSESPIRLUSA
ITAKORNORPRTLUXDNKFINJPNTWNSWE
ISL
.44
.46
.48
.5.5
2eth
nic
ity_
20
10
0 50 100 150group(ethnicity_2010)
New Variables
Relationships with other indices
ALB
DZA
AGO
ARG
ARM
AUS
AUT
AZE
BHR
BGD
BLR
BEL
BOL
BIHBWA
BRA
BGR
BFA
CMR
CAN
CPV
CHL
CHN
COL
COG
CRI
HRV
CYP
CZE
DNK
DOM
ECU
EGY
SLV
ESTETH
FIN
FRA
GEO
DEU
GHA
GRC
GTM
GTM
GUY
HND
HUN
ISL
INDIDN
IRN
IRQ
IRL
ITA
JPN
JOR
KEN
KOR
LVA
LBN
LSO
LBR
LTU
LUX
MKDMDG
MWI
MYSMLI
MLT
MEX
MDA
MOZ
MMR
NAM
NLDNZL
NIC
NER
NGA
NOR
PAK
PAN
PNG
PRY
PERPHL
POL
PRT
RUS
RWA
SAU
SEN
SLE
SGP
SVKSVN
ZAF
ESP
LKA
SDN
SWE
CHE
SYR
TZATHA
TGO
TURUGA
UKR
GBR
USA
URY
VEN
VNMZMB
ZWE
ROU
TWN
COD
.44
.46
.48
.5.5
2
eth
nic
ity_2
010
0 .2 .4 .6 .8civic_activism
ALB
DZA
ARG
AUS
AUT
AZE
BGD
BLR
BEL
BOL
BIHBWA
BRA
BGR
BFA
CAN
CPV
CHL
CHN
COL
CRI
HRV
CYP
CZE
DNK
DOM
ECU
EGY
SLV
EST ETH
FIN
FRA
GEO
DEU
GHA
GRC
GTM
GTMHND
HUN
ISL
IND IDN
IRN
IRL
ISR
ITA
JPN
JOR
KEN
KOR
LVA
LSO
LBR
LTU
LUX
MKDMDG
MWI
MLI
MLT
MEX
MDA
MOZ
NAM
NLDNZL
NIC
NGA
NOR
PAK
PAN
PRY
PERPHL
POL
PRT
RUS
RWA
SAU
SEN
SGP
SVKSVN
ZAF
ESP
SWE
CHE
TZA
TURUGA
UKR
GBR
USA
URY
VEN
VNMZMB
ZWE
ROU
.44
.46
.48
.5.5
2
eth
nic
ity_2
010
.2 .4 .6 .8 1clubs_and_associations
New Variables
Relationships with other variables
AGO
ALB
ARG
ARM
AUS
AUT
AZE
BEL
BFA
BGD
BGR
BHR
BIH
BLR
BOL
BRA
BWA
CAN
CHE
CHL
CHN
CMRCOG
COL
CPV
CRICYP
CZE DEU
DNK
DOM
DZA
ECU
EGY
ESP
ESTETH
FIN
FRA
GBR
GEO
GHA
GRC
GTMGUY
HND
HRV
HUN
IDNIND
IRL
IRN
IRQ
ISL
ISR
ITA
JOR
JPN
KAZKEN
KOR
LBN
LBR
LKA
LSO
LTU
LUX
LVA
MCO
MDA
MDGMEXMKD
MLI
MLT
MOZ
MWI
MYS
NAM
NER
NGA
NIC
NLD
NOR
NZL
PAK
PANPER
PHL
PNG
POL
PRT
PRYRUS
RWA
SAU
SDN
SEN
SGP
SLE
SLV
SRB
SVKSVN
SWE
SYR
TGO
THA
TUR
TZA
UGA
UKR URY
USA
VEN
VNM
ZAF
ZMB
ZWE
GTM
.44
.46
.48
.5.5
2et
hnic
ity_2
010
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000a_gdp
New Variables
Future
• Include more proxies (Language groups)• Include occupational data for Non-OECD countries• Include and test other suggestions?
• Include ESV data (as new waves will be available)
• Available on the website (www.IndSocDev.org) in January 2012!