Indices of Social Development Developing 6 th Index Ellen Webbink

Indices of Social Development

Developing 6th Index

Ellen Webbink

Indicators available

ISD intended to have 6 indices, but the Inclusion Index was dropped because…

Diagnostics paper:

“… more substantial measure, has been to remove the inclusion of minorities index from the set of indices for the time being, until more robust data becomes available.”

Inclusion of minorities assesses levels of discrimination against vulnerable groups such as indigenous peoples, migrants, refugees, or lower caste groups;

Inclusion of minorities assesses levels of discrimination against vulnerable groups such as indigenous peoples, migrants, refugees, or lower caste groups;

All indices have 4 kinds of indicators

Actionable

Perception-based

Proxy variables Behavioral Public opinion Expert assessment

Civic Activism 0.71 0.24 0.00 0.05

Clubs and Association 0.00 0.79 0.21 0.00

Intergroup Cohesion 0.34 0.13 0.02 0.51

Safety and Trust 0.37 0.12 0.21 0.22

Inclusion of Minorities 0.00 0.14 0.13 0.73

Gender Equity 0.75 0.07 0.04 0.15

AVERAGE 0.48 0.27 0.10 0.15

Challenge: Include proxy variables:

Similar to Gender Equality measure: socio-economic indicators

(Education/occupation/income)

Process

- Update ‘old’ data: Latinobarometer, Afrobarometer, Fund for Peace, International Country Risk Guide, Minorities at Risk, World Value Surveys- Behavorial: e.g. Could you please sort out any that you would not like to have as

neighbors.- Public opinion: e.g. As far as you know, which of the following groups is most

discriminated against in this country - Expert assessment: Level of ethnic and religious tensions, International Country Risk

Guide rating

- Include ‘new’ data: European Value Studies, European Social Survey and proxy variables

New Variables• New variables

- Proxy Variables:• Education: Distance to the standardized mean in

education (years) across ethnic groups• Occupation 1. Distance to the standardized mean in

occupation(upper nonfarm) across ethnic groups• Both from various sources: DHS, Barometers, ISSP

• Occupation 2 : OECD: ratio’s labour engagement immigrants vs. native-borns

- Opinion:• ESS questions on immigrants

New Variables

Some diagnostics: ESS

-4-3

-2-1

01

avg

_no

_im

m_sa

me

race

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2avg_no_imm_diffrace

-3-2

-10

12

avg

_no

_im

m_d

iffr

ace


-3-2

-10

12

avg

_no

_im

m_p

oo

rco

un


-2-1

01

2a

vg

_im

m_

ba

d_

eco

nom

y


-3-2

-10

12

avg

_im

m_

ba

d_

cultu

re


-2-1

01

2a

vg

_im

m_

ba

d_

livin

g


-4-3

-2-1

01

avg

_dis

cra

ce


-4-3

-2-1

01

avg

_dis

cn

atio

n


-4-3

-2-1

01

avg

_dis

cre

li


-4-3

-2-1

01

avg

_dis

cla

ng


-3-2

-10

1a

vg

_dis

ce

thn

ic


New Variables

Some diagnostics: Proxy Variables

New Variables

Some diagnostics: Factor Loadings

Factor 1 Factor 2 Allow no immigrants of same race/ethnic group as majority. 0.9746 0.1681 Allow no immigrants of different race/ethnic group from majority. 0.9031 0.341 Allow no immigrants from poorer countries outside Europe. 0.9231 0.2359 Immigration bad for country's economy. 0.9514 -0.0721 Country's cultural life undermined by immigrant. 0.6649 0.2835 Immigrants make country worse place to live. 0.7323 0.4392 Discrimination of respondent's group: colour or race. 0.5655 0.4784 Discrimination of respondent's group: nationality. 0.0731 0.8368 Discrimination of respondent's group: religion. - 0.2072 -0.5105 Discrimination of respondent's group: language. -0.7967 0.4005 Discrimination of respondent's group: ethnic group. - 0.5538 -0.4664 Distance to the standardized mean in education (years) across ethnic groups 0.9181 -0.3457 Distance to the standardized mean in occupation(upper nonfarm) across ethnic groups 0.9725 -0.1298

Employment rates of native-born and foreign-born population by educational attainment, Low Ed

0.7251 -0.0424

Employment rates of native-born and foreign-born population by educational attainment, intermed Ed

0.6205 -0.4995

Employment rates of native-born and foreign-born population by educational attainment, high Ed

0.9428 -0.2197

New Variables

After indexing: results

SDN

NGAPAKLKAAGOCODBGDCPVMMR

IDNIRQINDDZAGUYMWIGTMPNGUGARWASYRNERBOLJORBHRLBRZWECMRCOGTURZAFECUIRNSAUPANBRABFANAMPERTHALBNSLEMCOPHLKENCHNSRBTZASOMGHAMLIMDGSENDOMHNDKAZISRNICMEXMYSTGOVENMKDGTMMOZBIHEGYBWAPRYLSOCOLALBESTBGRAZECYPZMBETHRUSMDAVNMARMLTUCRIGEOSLVLVAMLTHUNBLRROUSVKNLDFRA

SVNNZLCHLURYUKRAUTCZEBELDEUSGPCANGRCARGPOLHRVGBRCHEAUSESPIRLUSA

ITAKORNORPRTLUXDNKFINJPNTWNSWE

ISL

.44

.46

.48

.5.5

2eth

nic

ity_

20

10

0 50 100 150group(ethnicity_2010)

New Variables

Relationships with other indices

ALB

DZA

AGO

ARG

ARM

AUS

AUT

AZE

BHR

BGD

BLR

BEL

BOL

BIHBWA

BRA

BGR

BFA

CMR

CAN

CPV

CHL

CHN

COL

COG

CRI

HRV

CYP

CZE

DNK

DOM

ECU

EGY

SLV

ESTETH

FIN

FRA

GEO

DEU

GHA

GRC

GTM

GTM

GUY

HND

HUN

ISL

INDIDN

IRN

IRQ

IRL

ITA

JPN

JOR

KEN

KOR

LVA

LBN

LSO

LBR

LTU

LUX

MKDMDG

MWI

MYSMLI

MLT

MEX

MDA

MOZ

MMR

NAM

NLDNZL

NIC

NER

NGA

NOR

PAK

PAN

PNG

PRY

PERPHL

POL

PRT

RUS

RWA

SAU

SEN

SLE

SGP

SVKSVN

ZAF

ESP

LKA

SDN

SWE

CHE

SYR

TZATHA

TGO

TURUGA

UKR

GBR

USA

URY

VEN

VNMZMB

ZWE

ROU

TWN

COD

.44

.46

.48

.5.5

2

eth

nic

ity_2

010

0 .2 .4 .6 .8civic_activism

ALB

DZA

ARG

AUS

AUT

AZE

BGD

BLR

BEL

BOL

BIHBWA

BRA

BGR

BFA

CAN

CPV

CHL

CHN

COL

CRI

HRV

CYP

CZE

DNK

DOM

ECU

EGY

SLV

EST ETH

FIN

FRA

GEO

DEU

GHA

GRC

GTM

GTMHND

HUN

ISL

IND IDN

IRN

IRL

ISR

ITA

JPN

JOR

KEN

KOR

LVA

LSO

LBR

LTU

LUX

MKDMDG

MWI

MLI

MLT

MEX

MDA

MOZ

NAM

NLDNZL

NIC

NGA

NOR

PAK

PAN

PRY

PERPHL

POL

PRT

RUS

RWA

SAU

SEN

SGP

SVKSVN

ZAF

ESP

SWE

CHE

TZA

TURUGA

UKR

GBR

USA

URY

VEN

VNMZMB

ZWE

ROU

.44

.46

.48

.5.5

2

eth

nic

ity_2

010

.2 .4 .6 .8 1clubs_and_associations

New Variables

Relationships with other variables

AGO

ALB

ARG

ARM

AUS

AUT

AZE

BEL

BFA

BGD

BGR

BHR

BIH

BLR

BOL

BRA

BWA

CAN

CHE

CHL

CHN

CMRCOG

COL

CPV

CRICYP

CZE DEU

DNK

DOM

DZA

ECU

EGY

ESP

ESTETH

FIN

FRA

GBR

GEO

GHA

GRC

GTMGUY

HND

HRV

HUN

IDNIND

IRL

IRN

IRQ

ISL

ISR

ITA

JOR

JPN

KAZKEN

KOR

LBN

LBR

LKA

LSO

LTU

LUX

LVA

MCO

MDA

MDGMEXMKD

MLI

MLT

MOZ

MWI

MYS

NAM

NER

NGA

NIC

NLD

NOR

NZL

PAK

PANPER

PHL

PNG

POL

PRT

PRYRUS

RWA

SAU

SDN

SEN

SGP

SLE

SLV

SRB

SVKSVN

SWE

SYR

TGO

THA

TUR

TZA

UGA

UKR URY

USA

VEN

VNM

ZAF

ZMB

ZWE

GTM

.44

.46

.48

.5.5

2et

hnic

ity_2

010

0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000a_gdp

New Variables

Future

• Include more proxies (Language groups)• Include occupational data for Non-OECD countries• Include and test other suggestions?

• Include ESV data (as new waves will be available)

• Available on the website (www.IndSocDev.org) in January 2012!

Documents

Indices of Social Development Developing 6 th Index Ellen Webbink