Improvement of Civil Works Health Management :
EDF’s Global Strategy
and major advances between 2008 and 2013
By : Pierre STEPHAN,
Erwan GALENNE,
Jean SALIN
Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
| 2 Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
OUTLINE
1.REASONS FOR A SURVEY
2.SOME EDF’FEEDBACK EXPERIENCES
3.AN OWN VIEW ABOUT THE STATEMENT OF SHM
4.ORGANIZATION OF THE EDF’S RESEARCH PROGRAM
5.CONCLUSIONS
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A LARGE HERITAGE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
THE REASONS FOR A SURVEY
Ruin
Life cycle of the structure
Subcontractors
Prime contractor Utility
Owner / contracting autorithy
New
Conception Demolition
Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014 / 4
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THE REASONS FOR A SURVEY
1. EDF HAS TO MANAGE A LARGE AND VARIOUS HERITAGE
Some DAMS built by the end of the XIX century and still in operation
NPP planned to operate for 40 years or more
2. THE REGULATION (BASED ON FEEDBACK EXPERIENCES)
2007/12/11 decree about dams and dykes security
2010/02/18 order about the agreement of design offices and inspection
companies for the diagnostic of dams and dikes
2012/02/07 order for nuclear plants safety, from design to
decommissioning
…
3. THE CONSEQUENCES FOR EDF AS “CONTRACTING AUTHORITY”
EDF is accountable to the Regulator
EDF has to have knowledge and know-how about its equipments and
their survey
EDF has to prevent the SHM activity on civil Engineering works from
being a “black box”
… Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
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SOME EDF’S FEEDBACK EXPERIENCES BEFORE THE NAME SHM EXISTS, NUMEROUS PAPERS AS WELL
CONTRIBUTION TO STANDARDS IN THE FIELD
OF FOSSIL-HYDRO-NUCLEAR UNITS CONTROL
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
TEST OF THE LEAK TIGHTNESS AT THE END OF THE WORKS After 10 years R&D/DTG … Thermometry using optic fiber
7 - Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
TEST OF THE LEAK TIGHTNESS AT THE END OF THE WORKS
Important leaks detected by 29 drains among 31 during the 1rst filling up
Optic fiber Drains
Distance to measurement premises
Ind
ica
tor
(u.a
)
Measurement (l/min) defines the
acceptance criteria.
Accurate location of the leaks
Lot of time saved for the location of each leak (“only” one month delay for the commissioning of the work,
avoiding expenses of about €millions/ week)
PM
debit
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
23-Nov-2011
03-Dec-2011
13-Dec-2011
23-Dec-2011
02-Jan-2012
12-Jan-2012
22-Jan-2012
01-Feb-2012
l/min
[?C]
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
PM
AJOUT sur TamontRG brute
500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
23-Nov-2011
03-Dec-2011
13-Dec-2011
23-Dec-2011
02-Jan-2012
12-Jan-2012
22-Jan-2012
01-Feb-2012
para
met
re d
e de
tect
ion [?
C]
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
Quantification of the leaks
tim
e
1rst repair
8 - Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
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A VIEW ABOUT THE STATEMENT OF SHM
IN TWO SLIDES,
FROM OWN FEEDBACK (33 YEARS OF NDE ON
METALLIC, THEN CONCRETE AND COMPOSITE
STRUCTURES),
TO SOME RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT THE SHM
DEVELOPMENT.
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
Generator + timer
Receiver Signal shaping Signal
processing
Signal analysis
Diagnostic
E R
Synchro
Digital Simulation
Modeling/Simulation of Physical phenomena
Statistics Data Fusion
© C. Payan, J. Salin Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014 / 10
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FORECAST ABOUT APPLYING SHM Three types of « designers » at three different levels
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
Integration
Data endusers
•Structure calculation
•Material
•Statistics
•Risk analysis
Ow
ner
Control operator
NDE operator
Op
era
tin
g e
ng
inee
r
Measurement
Equipment
Metrology
Signal
processing
Numerical simulation
Direct models
Inverse models
Measurement
Quality
R&
D e
ng
ine
er
Physics /interaction
wave-material Processing of big data
and data Fusion
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TOOLS FOR CIVIL
ENGINEERING WORKS
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
A « stand alone sheet » to
summarize the key-
milestone of the
management of CE works
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Out of concrete
Probe testing + Modeling
In concrete mock-up
Case of controlled parameters
On field
F
1 2
3 4
8
6
7
5
11
10 9
16
12
15
14 13
19
18 17
21 20 22
27
26 25
24 23
28
30 29
Ageing
Structuring method
TOOLS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
The use of the European “methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests”
FD CEN/TR 14748
A guide for technology transfer, from the lab to the field, of sounding procedures,
well assessed in terms of performances and evaluated uncertainties, operated by
qualified personnel
Multi-scale approach, in the field of models / simulation and validation tests
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TOOLS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
Representative Volume
VERCORS
Size
Co
mp
lexi
ty
Lab.
Specimen
Real Structure Mock up
RC cylinder part
Large Specimen
SANDIA
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TOOLS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING = VERCORS
A MULTI DISCIPLINARY APPROACH : INSTRUMENTS DEFINED BY THE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE
CALCULATION NEEDS ; 2 KM OF OPTIC FIBERS, NUMEROUS TEMPERATURE AND VIBRATING GAGES
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
EPRI
NULIFE
CTI
ICOLD
NATIONAL PROGRAMS
ORGANIZATION OF THE EDF RESEARCH PROGRAM
16 Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014/
Cause & Effect
Defect, damage or deterioration
Leakage Settlement Deflection Wear Spall Desintegration Crack
Repair required ?
Condition survey
Repair analysis
Repair Strategy
Evaluate
Quantify
Document
Prioritize
Owner criteria
-Urgency -Cost -Expectations -Useful life -Aesthetics
Engineering & contractor Issues
Structural req. Effect Constructability Environnment Sa
Contractor Methodes
-Surface repairs -Stabilization -Strengthening -Waterproofling -Pr
Safety
Structural catastrophy
Use disfunction
Leakage
Effects on environnement
Aesthetics
Preventive maintenance
Techniques
Materials
Repair
Suivi d’un ouvrage de génie civil Processus itératif
HISTORIQUE DE L’OUVRAGE Descriptif et plans – Construction – Exploitation
Evaluations réalisées – Evénements externes – Etat initial “postulé”
PROGRAMME D’AUSCULTATION Inspections périodiques – surveillance en continu
RELEVES IN SIU DE LA GEOMETRIE ET DES DOMMAGES APPARENTS, TESTS
REEVALUATION DES PROPRIETES MECANIQUES ET DES MATERIAUX
MODELES DE DUREE DE VIE
IMAGE REELLE
CONCLUSIONS DE L’AUSCULTATION OU DIAGNOSTIC DE L’OUVRAGE Descripteurs de l’état de l’ouvrage
PRONOSTIC DE L’OUVRAGE Estimation du risque par rapport aux fonctionnalités
(ruine, fuite, …)
REFECTION EVENTUELLE DE L’OUVRAGE
OU AMENDEMENT DU PROCESS D’EXPLOITATION
MISE A JOUR DE L’HISTORIQUE
IMAGE SIMULEE
Teneur en eau, état de contrainte, pathologies du béton, …
Fissures apparues en service, corrosion des armatures, tassement de terrain
DECISION SUR LA POURSUITE DE L’EXPLOITATION OU POUR UNE REFECTION DE
L’OUVRAGE
Niveau de détérioration
Temps (x 1€)
(x 10€)
(x 25€)
(x 100 €)
Réparation VS coût
REEVALUATION DES PROPRIETES MECANIQUES ET DES MATERIAUX
SENSO/ ACDC APPLET
RELEVES IN SITU DE LA GEOMETRIE ET DES DOMMAGES APPARENTS, TESTS
EVADEOS
Projet National
GEDI
APPLET : Approche Prédictive Performancielle et Probabiliste
ACDC : Analyse et Capitalisation pour le Diagnostic des Constructions
SENSO : Stratégie d’Evaluation Non destructive pour la Surveillance des Ouvrages en Béton
EVADEOS : Evaluation non Destructive pour la prédiction de la Dégradation des infrastructures et l’Optimisation de leur Suivi
GEDI : Gestion Durable des Infrastructures
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CONCLUSIONS
To succeed in SHM activities for civil engineering works
there is a need to :
Reinforced the dialog between the disciplines involved in,
Keep in same time global view vs. detail approach per discipline,
Prevent from “black box”,
Trained people at each type of job and identified designers
at the right level.
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
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RGC&U-IREX-GEDI(SUTAINIBILITY MANAGEMENT FOR CIVIL STRUCTURE)
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
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21 - 9th NDE
Core
10 µm Buffer
coating
250 µm
Cladding
125 µm
e e
T9,999
T9,998 T9,997
T9,996 T9,995
ILLUSTRATION: DETERMINATION OF THE MECHANICAL TRANSFER
FUNCTION OF A DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR
Industrial question: is it possible to evaluate the crack opening through a
distributed Optical Fiber Sensor ?
* What is measured (indirectly): the strain in the core of the Optical Sensor
* What is needed: the strain in the concrete in the vicinity of the sensor
Interrogation unit paired with a standard telecom fiber
Fiber optic = communication vector and sensor, sensitive to strain and temperature one measuring point every spatial resolution step
all over the distance range
?
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22 - 9th NDE
DEFINITION OF THE MECHANICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION
Strain profile
measured in the fiber
Strain profile
estimated in concrete
including crack determination
MTF
-1
=
)()()( sMTFss cableconcreteOF eeIn case of elasic material
behaviour and perfect
bonding
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23 - 9th NDE
MECHANICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION DETERMINATION
BY MATERIAL TESTING AND MODELING
2 mm multifiber cable
Optical fiber (1)
Soft matrix (2)
External stiff layers (3)
1
2
3
Simplification:
3-layer model
Identification of material
parameters through pull-out tests
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24 - 9th NDE
APPLICATION ON A REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
340 x 50 x 25 cm3 beam under
4point-bending test
Compression zone
Tension zone
2 mm sensing cable
Steel bar
-1
Strain peaks at crack locations Evaluation of crack opening
Henault J.-M., Salin J., Moreau G.,
Quiertant M., Taillade F., Benzarti K.,
Delepine-Lesoille S., 2012. Analysis of
the strain transfer mechanism between a
truly distributed optical fiber sensor and
the surrounding medium, Concrete
Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III,
p. 733-739.
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014 25
ANR AppleT (2007-2011)
Evaluation des ouvrages endommagés par la
corrosion
ANR ACTENA (2006-2009)
Auscultation des câbles de précontrainte
ANR Meditoss (2009-2012)
Auscultation des tunnels et ouvrages souterrains
Projet National ERINOH
(2006-2011) Surveillance des digues
C2D2 ACDC (2011-2013)
Evaluation non destructive d’indicateurs du béton
ANR SENSO (2006-2009)
Evaluation non destructive d’indicateurs du béton
FUI MAREO (2006-2010)
CND de la qualité des réparations d’ouvrages
portuaires
ANR EvaDéOS (2011-2015)
END d’indicateurs liés à la corrosion des armatures
ANR Mefisto et PN CEOS.fr
(2008-2011) Maîtrise et prédiction de la
fissuration dans les ouvrages en béton
ANR AppleT (2007-2011)
Modélisation du béton armé corrodé
FUI MAREO (2006-2010)
Modélisation du comportement d’un
ouvrage réparé
ANR EvaDéOS (2011-2015)
Modèles de prédiction de la dégradation par
corrosion
ANR Indigau (2008-2011)
Gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d’assainissement
ANR Omega (2010-2012)
Outil MEthodologique d'aide à la Gestion intégrée d'un système
d'Assainissement
ANR MIRADOR (2006-2010)
Modélisation interactive des risques associés au
développement d’ouvrages robustes
ANR EvaDéOS (2011-2015)
Evaluation non destructive pour la prédiction de la Dégradation des structures et l’Optimisation
de leur Suivi 25 – CIWAP plénière du 16/10/2012 – Mais où en est le A4 ?
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LES OPPORTUNITES A SAISIR
Stimuler le réalisme en allant sur le terrain :
Construction de la maquette VERCORS,
Pour le GC, les groupes régionaux de l’AFGC proposent des visites de chantier
(55€ l’adhésion annuelle),
Un « Centre de Production ça se visite ».
Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014
Réaliser l’idée émise par G Forest d’un « Institut des Essais Non Destructifs » :
Au sein de R&D, puis avec le MAI, élargir le partage MMC-STEP aux autres
départements impliqués dans les END (SINETICS [codes ATHENA et MODERATO],
THEMIS [code CARMEL], MRI [statistique et robotique] …)
Dans le cadre d’un Institut d’Excellence, pourquoi pas ?
S’ouvrir sans angélisme :
Se donner les moyens de s’impliquer dans des organismes professionnels de partage
comme la COFREND ou un GIS
Convaincre nos partenaires à plus de confiance mutuelle !
Favoriser l’émergence d’ensembliers, via des parcours pluridisciplinaires (au sein de
R&D [matériaux – calcul structure – DMP]) ou inter-unités d’EDF [Exploitant ou Ingénierie du nucléaire ou
hydraulique ou thermique ou ENR])