Improvement of Civil Works Health Management :

EDF’s Global Strategy

and major advances between 2008 and 2013

By : Pierre STEPHAN,

Erwan GALENNE,

Jean SALIN

Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

| 2 Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

OUTLINE

1.REASONS FOR A SURVEY

2.SOME EDF’FEEDBACK EXPERIENCES

3.AN OWN VIEW ABOUT THE STATEMENT OF SHM

4.ORGANIZATION OF THE EDF’S RESEARCH PROGRAM

5.CONCLUSIONS

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A LARGE HERITAGE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

THE REASONS FOR A SURVEY

Ruin

Life cycle of the structure

Subcontractors

Prime contractor Utility

Owner / contracting autorithy

New

Conception Demolition

Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014 / 4

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THE REASONS FOR A SURVEY

1. EDF HAS TO MANAGE A LARGE AND VARIOUS HERITAGE

Some DAMS built by the end of the XIX century and still in operation

NPP planned to operate for 40 years or more

2. THE REGULATION (BASED ON FEEDBACK EXPERIENCES)

2007/12/11 decree about dams and dykes security

2010/02/18 order about the agreement of design offices and inspection

companies for the diagnostic of dams and dikes

2012/02/07 order for nuclear plants safety, from design to

decommissioning

…

3. THE CONSEQUENCES FOR EDF AS “CONTRACTING AUTHORITY”

EDF is accountable to the Regulator

EDF has to have knowledge and know-how about its equipments and

their survey

EDF has to prevent the SHM activity on civil Engineering works from

being a “black box”

… Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

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SOME EDF’S FEEDBACK EXPERIENCES BEFORE THE NAME SHM EXISTS, NUMEROUS PAPERS AS WELL

CONTRIBUTION TO STANDARDS IN THE FIELD

OF FOSSIL-HYDRO-NUCLEAR UNITS CONTROL

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

TEST OF THE LEAK TIGHTNESS AT THE END OF THE WORKS After 10 years R&D/DTG … Thermometry using optic fiber

7 - Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

TEST OF THE LEAK TIGHTNESS AT THE END OF THE WORKS

Important leaks detected by 29 drains among 31 during the 1rst filling up

Optic fiber Drains

Distance to measurement premises

Ind

ica

tor

(u.a

)

Measurement (l/min) defines the

acceptance criteria.

Accurate location of the leaks

Lot of time saved for the location of each leak (“only” one month delay for the commissioning of the work,

avoiding expenses of about €millions/ week)

PM

debit

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

23-Nov-2011

03-Dec-2011

13-Dec-2011

23-Dec-2011

02-Jan-2012

12-Jan-2012

22-Jan-2012

01-Feb-2012

l/min

[?C]

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

PM

AJOUT sur TamontRG brute

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000

23-Nov-2011

03-Dec-2011

13-Dec-2011

23-Dec-2011

02-Jan-2012

12-Jan-2012

22-Jan-2012

01-Feb-2012

para

met

re d

e de

tect

ion [?

C]

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

0.55

Quantification of the leaks

tim

e

1rst repair

8 - Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

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A VIEW ABOUT THE STATEMENT OF SHM

IN TWO SLIDES,

FROM OWN FEEDBACK (33 YEARS OF NDE ON

METALLIC, THEN CONCRETE AND COMPOSITE

STRUCTURES),

TO SOME RECOMMENDATIONS ABOUT THE SHM

DEVELOPMENT.

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

Generator + timer

Receiver Signal shaping Signal

processing

Signal analysis

Diagnostic

E R

Synchro

Digital Simulation

Modeling/Simulation of Physical phenomena

Statistics Data Fusion

© C. Payan, J. Salin Keynote for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014 / 10

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FORECAST ABOUT APPLYING SHM Three types of « designers » at three different levels

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

Integration

Data endusers

•Structure calculation

•Material

•Statistics

•Risk analysis

Ow

ner

Control operator

NDE operator

Op

era

tin

g e

ng

inee

r

Measurement

Equipment

Metrology

Signal

processing

Numerical simulation

Direct models

Inverse models

Measurement

Quality

R&

D e

ng

ine

er

Physics /interaction

wave-material Processing of big data

and data Fusion

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TOOLS FOR CIVIL

ENGINEERING WORKS

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

A « stand alone sheet » to

summarize the key-

milestone of the

management of CE works

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Out of concrete

Probe testing + Modeling

In concrete mock-up

Case of controlled parameters

On field

F

1 2

3 4

8

6

7

5

11

10 9

16

12

15

14 13

19

18 17

21 20 22

27

26 25

24 23

28

30 29

Ageing

Structuring method

TOOLS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING

The use of the European “methodology for qualification of non-destructive tests”

FD CEN/TR 14748

A guide for technology transfer, from the lab to the field, of sounding procedures,

well assessed in terms of performances and evaluated uncertainties, operated by

qualified personnel

Multi-scale approach, in the field of models / simulation and validation tests

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TOOLS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

Representative Volume

VERCORS

Size

Co

mp

lexi

ty

Lab.

Specimen

Real Structure Mock up

RC cylinder part

Large Specimen

SANDIA

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TOOLS FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING = VERCORS

A MULTI DISCIPLINARY APPROACH : INSTRUMENTS DEFINED BY THE MATERIALS AND STRUCTURE

CALCULATION NEEDS ; 2 KM OF OPTIC FIBERS, NUMEROUS TEMPERATURE AND VIBRATING GAGES

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

EPRI

NULIFE

CTI

ICOLD

NATIONAL PROGRAMS

ORGANIZATION OF THE EDF RESEARCH PROGRAM

16 Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014/

Cause & Effect

Defect, damage or deterioration

Leakage Settlement Deflection Wear Spall Desintegration Crack

Repair required ?

Condition survey

Repair analysis

Repair Strategy

Evaluate

Quantify

Document

Prioritize

Owner criteria

-Urgency -Cost -Expectations -Useful life -Aesthetics

Engineering & contractor Issues

Structural req. Effect Constructability Environnment Sa

Contractor Methodes

-Surface repairs -Stabilization -Strengthening -Waterproofling -Pr

Safety

Structural catastrophy

Use disfunction

Leakage

Effects on environnement

Aesthetics

Preventive maintenance

Techniques

Materials

Repair

Suivi d’un ouvrage de génie civil Processus itératif

HISTORIQUE DE L’OUVRAGE Descriptif et plans – Construction – Exploitation

Evaluations réalisées – Evénements externes – Etat initial “postulé”

PROGRAMME D’AUSCULTATION Inspections périodiques – surveillance en continu

RELEVES IN SIU DE LA GEOMETRIE ET DES DOMMAGES APPARENTS, TESTS

REEVALUATION DES PROPRIETES MECANIQUES ET DES MATERIAUX

MODELES DE DUREE DE VIE

IMAGE REELLE

CONCLUSIONS DE L’AUSCULTATION OU DIAGNOSTIC DE L’OUVRAGE Descripteurs de l’état de l’ouvrage

PRONOSTIC DE L’OUVRAGE Estimation du risque par rapport aux fonctionnalités

(ruine, fuite, …)

REFECTION EVENTUELLE DE L’OUVRAGE

OU AMENDEMENT DU PROCESS D’EXPLOITATION

MISE A JOUR DE L’HISTORIQUE

IMAGE SIMULEE

Teneur en eau, état de contrainte, pathologies du béton, …

Fissures apparues en service, corrosion des armatures, tassement de terrain

DECISION SUR LA POURSUITE DE L’EXPLOITATION OU POUR UNE REFECTION DE

L’OUVRAGE

Niveau de détérioration

Temps (x 1€)

(x 10€)

(x 25€)

(x 100 €)

Réparation VS coût

REEVALUATION DES PROPRIETES MECANIQUES ET DES MATERIAUX

SENSO/ ACDC APPLET

RELEVES IN SITU DE LA GEOMETRIE ET DES DOMMAGES APPARENTS, TESTS

EVADEOS

Projet National

GEDI

APPLET : Approche Prédictive Performancielle et Probabiliste

ACDC : Analyse et Capitalisation pour le Diagnostic des Constructions

SENSO : Stratégie d’Evaluation Non destructive pour la Surveillance des Ouvrages en Béton

EVADEOS : Evaluation non Destructive pour la prédiction de la Dégradation des infrastructures et l’Optimisation de leur Suivi

GEDI : Gestion Durable des Infrastructures

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CONCLUSIONS

To succeed in SHM activities for civil engineering works

there is a need to :

Reinforced the dialog between the disciplines involved in,

Keep in same time global view vs. detail approach per discipline,

Prevent from “black box”,

Trained people at each type of job and identified designers

at the right level.

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

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RGC&U-IREX-GEDI(SUTAINIBILITY MANAGEMENT FOR CIVIL STRUCTURE)

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

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THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

ANY QUESTION ?

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

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21 - 9th NDE

Core

10 µm Buffer

coating

250 µm

Cladding

125 µm

e e

T9,999

T9,998 T9,997

T9,996 T9,995

ILLUSTRATION: DETERMINATION OF THE MECHANICAL TRANSFER

FUNCTION OF A DISTRIBUTED OPTICAL FIBER SENSOR

Industrial question: is it possible to evaluate the crack opening through a

distributed Optical Fiber Sensor ?

* What is measured (indirectly): the strain in the core of the Optical Sensor

* What is needed: the strain in the concrete in the vicinity of the sensor

Interrogation unit paired with a standard telecom fiber

Fiber optic = communication vector and sensor, sensitive to strain and temperature one measuring point every spatial resolution step

all over the distance range

?

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22 - 9th NDE

DEFINITION OF THE MECHANICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION

Strain profile

measured in the fiber

Strain profile

estimated in concrete

including crack determination

MTF

-1

=

)()()( sMTFss cableconcreteOF eeIn case of elasic material

behaviour and perfect

bonding

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23 - 9th NDE

MECHANICAL TRANSFER FUNCTION DETERMINATION

BY MATERIAL TESTING AND MODELING

2 mm multifiber cable

Optical fiber (1)

Soft matrix (2)

External stiff layers (3)

1

2

3

Simplification:

3-layer model

Identification of material

parameters through pull-out tests

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24 - 9th NDE

APPLICATION ON A REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM

340 x 50 x 25 cm3 beam under

4point-bending test

Compression zone

Tension zone

2 mm sensing cable

Steel bar

-1

Strain peaks at crack locations Evaluation of crack opening

Henault J.-M., Salin J., Moreau G.,

Quiertant M., Taillade F., Benzarti K.,

Delepine-Lesoille S., 2012. Analysis of

the strain transfer mechanism between a

truly distributed optical fiber sensor and

the surrounding medium, Concrete

Repair, Rehabilitation and Retrofitting III,

p. 733-739.

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014 25

ANR AppleT (2007-2011)

Evaluation des ouvrages endommagés par la

corrosion

ANR ACTENA (2006-2009)

Auscultation des câbles de précontrainte

ANR Meditoss (2009-2012)

Auscultation des tunnels et ouvrages souterrains

Projet National ERINOH

(2006-2011) Surveillance des digues

C2D2 ACDC (2011-2013)

Evaluation non destructive d’indicateurs du béton

ANR SENSO (2006-2009)

Evaluation non destructive d’indicateurs du béton

FUI MAREO (2006-2010)

CND de la qualité des réparations d’ouvrages

portuaires

ANR EvaDéOS (2011-2015)

END d’indicateurs liés à la corrosion des armatures

ANR Mefisto et PN CEOS.fr

(2008-2011) Maîtrise et prédiction de la

fissuration dans les ouvrages en béton

ANR AppleT (2007-2011)

Modélisation du béton armé corrodé

FUI MAREO (2006-2010)

Modélisation du comportement d’un

ouvrage réparé

ANR EvaDéOS (2011-2015)

Modèles de prédiction de la dégradation par

corrosion

ANR Indigau (2008-2011)

Gestion patrimoniale des réseaux d’assainissement

ANR Omega (2010-2012)

Outil MEthodologique d'aide à la Gestion intégrée d'un système

d'Assainissement

ANR MIRADOR (2006-2010)

Modélisation interactive des risques associés au

développement d’ouvrages robustes

ANR EvaDéOS (2011-2015)

Evaluation non destructive pour la prédiction de la Dégradation des structures et l’Optimisation

de leur Suivi 25 – CIWAP plénière du 16/10/2012 – Mais où en est le A4 ?

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LES OPPORTUNITES A SAISIR

Stimuler le réalisme en allant sur le terrain :

Construction de la maquette VERCORS,

Pour le GC, les groupes régionaux de l’AFGC proposent des visites de chantier

(55€ l’adhésion annuelle),

Un « Centre de Production ça se visite ».

Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014

Réaliser l’idée émise par G Forest d’un « Institut des Essais Non Destructifs » :

Au sein de R&D, puis avec le MAI, élargir le partage MMC-STEP aux autres

départements impliqués dans les END (SINETICS [codes ATHENA et MODERATO],

THEMIS [code CARMEL], MRI [statistique et robotique] …)

Dans le cadre d’un Institut d’Excellence, pourquoi pas ?

S’ouvrir sans angélisme :

Se donner les moyens de s’impliquer dans des organismes professionnels de partage

comme la COFREND ou un GIS

Convaincre nos partenaires à plus de confiance mutuelle !

Favoriser l’émergence d’ensembliers, via des parcours pluridisciplinaires (au sein de

R&D [matériaux – calcul structure – DMP]) ou inter-unités d’EDF [Exploitant ou Ingénierie du nucléaire ou

hydraulique ou thermique ou ENR])

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Key note for EWSHM Nantes - July 2014