EE 5359 Multimedia Processing
Implementation of A/153 ATSC mobile
DTV standard
Under guidance of Dr.K.R.Rao
Submitted by:
Sriniveditha Shivakkumaran ID # 1000628037
Acknowledgement
I would sincerely like to thank Dr. K.R.Rao for his constant guidance, support and
motivation which led to the successful completion of this project.
I would also like to thank all my friends for their support and encouragement.
List of Acronyms
AAC Advanced Audio Coding
AES Advanced Encryption Standard
AT ATSC Time
ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee
ATSC-M/H ATSC Mobile/Handheld Standard
AVC Advanced Video Coding (ITU-T H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10)
BSD/A Broadcast Service Distribution/Adaptation Center
BSM BCAST Subscription Management
CIT-MH Cell Information Table for ATSC-M/H
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
DNS Domain Name System
DRM Digital Rights Management
DTV Digital Television
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
FEC Forward Error Correction
HE AAC High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding
HE AAC v2 High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding version 2
LTKM Long-Term Key Message
M/H Mobile/pedestrian/handheld
MHE M/H Encapsulation
MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group
N Number of columns in RS Frame payload
NTP Network Time Protocol
OMA-BCAST Open Mobile Alliance Broadcast
PEK Program Encryption Key
RTP Real-time Transport Protocol
SDP Session Description Protocol
SEK Service Encryption Key
SG (Electronic) Service Guide
SLT-MH Service Labeling Table for ATSC-M/H
SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers
STKM Short-Term Key Message
SVC Scalable Video Coding (Annex G of ITU-T rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10)
SVG Scalable Vector Graphics
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TEK Traffic Encryption Key
TPC Transmission parameter channel
List of figures
Figure 1. ATSC Broadcast System with TS main and M/H Services
Figure 2. H.264 encoder
Figure 3. Intra prediction 4x4
Figure 4. Block diagram of H.264 decoder
Figure 5. Specific coding parts of the profiles in H.264
List of tables
Table 1.Standardized video input formats
Table 2. Performance for Akiyo test sequence
Table 3. Performance for Foreman test sequence
Table 4. Performance for Claire test sequence
Table 5. Performance for News test sequence
Table 6. Performance for Tempete test sequence
Table 7. Performance for Bus test sequence
Table 8. Performance for Coastguard test sequence
Table 9. Performance for Waterfall test sequence
Table 10. Performance for Harbor test sequence
Table 11. Performance for Bluesky test sequence
Table 12. Performance for Mobile test sequence
1. Introduction
Digital video and audio coding technologies have changed the means by which audio
visual content is created and delivered. This is demonstrated by digital television (DTV),
which is one of the most significant emerging consumer applications. [1]
The Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc., (ATSC) is an international, non-
profit organization which develops voluntary standards for digital television. ATSC
coordinates television standards among various communications media.
The A/153 standard is an ATSC mobile DTV standard which defines the technical
specifications to provide new services to mobile and handheld devices using digital
television transmissions. Its services include real-time interactive services and file-based
content download. [2]
In this project, the video encoding of the A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard using the
baseline profile of H.264 is implemented. The implementation is done with a set of video
coding constraints on the H.264 encoder when used in the ATSC mobile DTV system.
The high definition and standard definition test sequences are processed to achieve the
desired resolution of 416 pixels by 240 lines prior to Advanced Video coding (AVC)
compression.
2. A/153 ATSC mobile digital television standard [2]
Figure 1. ATSC Broadcast System with TS main and M/H Services
The A/153 standard consists of seven different parts. The following provide an overview
of the sections that make up the ATSC M/H (Mobile/Handheld) standard.
2.1. Part 1 – RF/Transmission System Characteristics: The RF/Transmission system characteristics describe the physical layer transmission of
the ATSC mobile DTV system. Mobile/handheld data is partitioned into one or more
ensembles. Each of these ensembles contains one or more services. Each ensemble
has an independent Forward Error Correction (FEC) structure.
Encoding of Mobile/Handheld data has Forward Error Correction at the packet and trellis
levels. Transmission of reliable control data to the M/H receivers is ensured. Burst
transmission lets the Mobile/Handheld receiver to cycle power in the tuner. This helps in
saving energy.
2.2. Part 2 – Service Multiplex and Transport Subsystem: This part describes the Service Multiplex and Transport Subsystem characteristics.
There are two types of files that are delivered using this standard. The first type is music
or video files, which are the content files. The second type of file is a portion of the
service guide. The Service guide includes service protection keys and logos. In both
methods, the mechanisms through which data is delivered are the same. It is upto the
terminal to resolve the purpose of the files.
2.3. Part 3 – Announcement:
The services provided by a broadcaster are announced via the announcement
subsystem. This is down with the help of the Service guide, which is a special M/H
service that is declared in the service signaling subsystem. The available service guides
are determined by the Guide Access Table for M/H (GAT-MH). This table contains the
list of all the Service guides present in the Mobile/Handheld broadcast.
The ATSC M/H Service guide is an OMA BCAST (Open Mobile Alliance Broadcast)
Service guide. One or more IP streams are used for delivering these Service guides. The
Announcement channel delivers the main stream, while the guide data is delivered by
zero or more streams.
2.4. Part 4 – Application Framework: An M/H system delivers video/audio services from a transmission site to mobile/portable
devices. An application framework enables the insertion of supplemental content. It also
defines graphical components, service layouts and transitions between these layouts
and the composition of the audio-visual components. In addition to this, the broadcaster
can also send remote events which would enable to modify the presentation and control
the presentation timeline.
Furthermore, the Application Framework provides layout of services on a variety of class
devices and platforms and coherent rendering of the services.
2.5. Part 5 – Service Protection The Service Protection is an integral part of the ATSC M/H mobile DTV system because
it protects data content during transmission. This part provides protection of content, be it
files or streams, during delivery to a receiver. It is an access control mechanism and is
not responsible for data content after transmission to the receiver.
The Service Protection system consists of the following key components:
o Key provisioning
o Layer 1 registration
o Long-term key message (LTKM)
o Short -term key message (STKM)
o Traffic Encryption
The system is dependent on the following encryption standards:
o Advanced encryption standards (AES)
o Secure Internet Protocol (IPsec)
o Traffic Encryption Key (TEK)
2.6. Part 6 – AVC and SVC Video System:
The Mobile/Handheld system uses MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC and SVC video coding. This
part describes a set of constraints on ITU-T Rec. H.264| ISO/IEC 14496-10 [3] and its
Annex G video compression when used in the ATSC mobile DTV M/H system.
2.7. Part 7 – HE AAC Audio System:
The M/H system uses MPEG-4 Part 3 HE AAC v2 audio coding. This is described in the
ISO/IEC 14496-3 with certain constraints. HE AAC v2 can be used to code either mono
or stereo audio. This system is a combination of three audio coding tools, namely,
MPEG-4 AAC, Spectral Band Replication (SBP) and Parametric Stereo (PS). [2]
In this project, Part 6 is implemented, that is, the Video encoding in the ATSC mobile
DTV system.
3. ATSC mobile DTV standard – Video system Characteristics:
3.1. Possible Video Inputs:
Table 1.Standardized video input formats
The table above shows specific television production standards. These standards define
video formats which relate to compression formats specified by this standard. Additional
video production standards are being developed. this would enable to extend the
possible number of input formats. [4]
• SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) 274M specifies
representation of uncompressed high-definition television. The image format is
1920x1080 pixels with progressive and interlaced scanning.
• SMPTE 296M defines systems with an image size of 1280x720 pixels and progressive
scanning.
• ITU-R BT.601-5 standardizes the format of high-definition television with 16:9 aspect
ratio. Number of samples per digital active line is 720 and 483 active lines. [4]
4. Video processing before AVC compression:
The image formats for AVC compression are derived as follows:
4.1. 1080i formats
Of the 1920 pixels per line of video, 24 pixels on the left side of the image and 24 pixels on
the right side of the image have to be cropped. This is done to maintain square pixels and
simple ratio-scaling factors. The resulting image would be 1872 pixel by 1080 lines. This
image is then de-interlaced and appropriately re-sampled to 416 pixels by 240 lines prior to
compression.
4.2. 720p formats
Of the 1280 pixels per line, 16 pixels each on the left side and 16 pixels on the right side of
the image have to be cropped. This is done to maintain square pixels and simple ratio-
scaling factors. The resulting 1872 pixel by 1080 line image has to be de-interlaced and re-
sampled to 416 pixels by 240 lines before compression.
4.3. Standard definition (480i and 480p) formats with 16:9 Aspect Ratio
Of the 720 pixels per line of video, 8 pixels on the right side of the image and 8 pixels on
the left side of the image have to be cropped. The resulting 704 pixel by 480 line image
should be de-interlaced and re-sampled to 416 pixels by 240 lines before compression.
4.4. Standard definition formats (480i) formats with 4:3 Aspect Ratio
Any 4:3 standard-definition video should be converted to a 16:9 video format before
compression. This can be done by aspect ratio conversion. This 16:9 frame is converted
to 416 pixels by 240 lines before compression.
Henceforth, the image is converted to 416 pixels by 240 lines before using it as an input
sequence in the H.264 encoder.
5. H.264 coding standard
5.1. Overview
H.264 is a standard developed for multimedia applications. It is used for video
compression, and is equivalent to MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for advanced
video coding). H.264 supports various applications such as video broadcasting, video
streaming, and video conferencing over fixed and wireless networks.
5.2. H.264 encoder
Figure 2. H.264 encoder
The blocks in the encoder are explained as follows :
5.2.1. 4x4 Integer transform
The H.264 employs a 4x4 integer DCT as compared to 8x8 DCT adopted by the previous
standards. The smaller block size leads to a significant reduction in ringing artifacts. Also,
the 4 x 4 transform has the additional benefit of removing the need for multiplications.
5.2.2. Quantization and scan
The H.264 standard specifies the mathematical formulae of the quantization process. The
scale factor for each element varies as a function of the quantization parameter
associated with the macroblock and as a function of the position of the element within the
sub block. The rate control algorithm controls the value of the quantization parameter.
Two types of scan pattern are used for 4x4 blocks – one for frame coded macroblocks
and one for field coded macroblocks.
5.2.3. Context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) and Context-based
adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) entropy coding
H.264 uses different variable length coding methods in order to match a symbol to a code
based on the context characteristics. They are context-based adaptive variable length
coding (CAVLC) and context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC). All syntax
elements except for the residual data are encoded by the Exp-Golomb codes. In order to
read the residual data (quantized transform coefficients), zig-zag scan (interlaced) or
alternate scan (non-interlaced or field) is used. For coding the residual data, a more
sophistical method called CAVLC is employed. Also, CABAC is employed in Main and
High profiles, CABAC has more coding efficiency but higher complexity compared to
CAVLC.
5.2.4. Deblocking filter
H.264 employs a deblocking filter to reduce the blocking artifacts in the block boundaries
and stops the propagation of accumulated coded noise. The filter is applied after the
inverse transform (before reconstructing and storing the macroblock for future predictions)
and in the decoder (before reconstructing and displaying the macroblocks). The
deblocking filter is applied across the edges of the macroblocks and the sub-blocks. The
filtered image is used in motion compensated prediction of future frames and helps
achieve more compression.
5.2.5. Inter prediction
Inter prediction is performed on the basis of temporal correlation and consists of motion
estimation and motion compensation. As compared to the previous standards, H.264
supports a large number of block sizes from 16x16 to 4x4. Moreover H.264 supports
motion vector accuracy of one-quarter of the luma sample.
5.2.6. Intra prediction
During intra prediction, the encoder derives a predicted block based on its prediction with
previously decoded samples. The predicted block is then subtracted from the current block
and then encoded. There are a total of nine prediction modes for each 4x4 luma block,
four prediction modes for each 16x16 luma block and four modes for each chroma block.
Figure 3. Intra prediction 4x4
5.3. H.264 decoder
Figure 4. Block diagram of H.264 decoder
The H.264 decoder includes all control information such as picture or slice type,
macroblock types and subtypes, reference frames index, motion vectors, loop filter control,
quantizer step size , as well as coded data comprising of quantized transform coefficients.
The H.264 decoder works similar to the local decoder which is at the encoder.
After entropy, i.e., CABAC or CAVLC decoding, the transform coefficients are inverse
scanned and inverse quantized before being inverse transformed. To the resulting blocks
of residual signal, an appropriate prediction signal that is intra or motion compensated inter,
is added depending on the macroblock type mode, the reference frame, the motion
vector/s, and decoded pictures store, or in intra mode.
The reconstructed video frames undergo deblock filtering prior to being stored for future
use for prediction. At the output of the deblocking filter, the frames may need to undergo
reordering prior to display.
5.4. H.264 profiles
Figure 5. Specific coding parts of the profiles in H.264 [6]
5.2.1. Common coding parts for the Profiles
• I slice (Intra-coded slice): This slice is coded by using prediction only from decoded
samples within the same slice.
• P slice (Predictive-coded slice) : This slice is coded by using inter prediction from
previously-decoded reference pictures, using at most one motion vector and
reference index to predict the sample values of each block.
• CAVLC (Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding) is for entropy coding.
A profile specifies a subset of the entire bitstream. The profiles of H.264 are :
Baseline profile
Main profile
Extended profile
High Profile
High 10 Profile
High 4:2:2 Profile
High 4:4:4 Profile The profile of H.264 encoder used in this project is the baseline profile since this profile
provides simplicity of implementation. This profile offers a low complexity encoder and
decoder. The baseline profile finds applications in video-conferencing and mobile video
streaming, where low latency, coding efficiency and low complexity of the
encoder/decoder are the primary considerations.
The features of the baseline profile are:
• I and P slice coding
• Enhanced error resilience coding such as flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) and arbitrary slice ordering (ASO) and redundant slices (RS)
• Context adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) In the main profile, the coding parts are :
• B slice (Bi-directionally predictive-coded slice): This slice is coded by using inter
prediction from previously-decoded reference pictures.
• Weighted prediction : The scaling operation is performed by applying a weighting
factor to the samples of motion-compensated prediction data in P or B slice
• CABAC (Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) for entropy coding
6. Implementation of A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard
The video encoding in the ATSC mobile DTV system was implemented for various
CIF, QCIF and High definition sequences using H.264. This was done at various values of
QP and the quality metrics MSE, SSIM and PSNR were calculated.
The results are tabulated for Tempete (CIF), Bus (CIF), Coastguard (CIF), Waterfall (CIF),
Foreman (QCIF), Akiyo (QCIF), Claire (QCIF), News (QCIF) and HD sequences such as
harbour, bluesky, mobile and flamingos.
QCIF sequence: Akiyo (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No: of frames : 300 frames. Width : 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.
QP Bitrate (kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 102.76 51.217 0.502 0.9971
20 46.71 44.907 2.103 0.99
30 21.44 37.83 10.7 0.9659
40 9.2 31.03 51.25 0.87
50 4.45 25.86 168.69 0.707
Table 2. Performance for Akiyo test sequence
0 20 40 60 80 100 12025
30
35
40
45
50
55
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)Bitrate vs. PSNR(dB)
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
QCIF sequence: Foreman (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No. of frames: 300 frames. Width: 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.
QP Bitrate
(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 235.37 50.197 0.679 0.997
20 89.91 42.132 4.149 0.9867
30 32.66 35.4 19.18 0.95
40 12.5 29.18 78.94 0.8715
50 5.28 23.5 290.47 0.67
Table 3. Performance for foreman test sequence
0 50 100 150 200 25020
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)
Bitrate vs. PSNR
0 50 100 150 200 250
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Bitrate (kbps)M
SE
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 50 100 150 200 2500.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
QCIF sequence: Claire (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No. of frames : 494 frames. Width : 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.
QP Bitrate
(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 108.57 51.42 0.494 0.9962
20 38.73 45.54 1.875 0.9919
30 15.87 39.13 8.121 0.9786
40 7.89 32.822 34.05 0.9395
50 3.68 27.066 127.79 0.8497
Table 4. Performance for Claire test sequence
0 20 40 60 80 100 12025
30
35
40
45
50
55
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)
Bitrate vs. PSNR (dB)
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1
1.02
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
QCIF sequence: News (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No. of frames : 300 frames. Width : 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.
QP Bitrate
(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 178.48 50.516 0.611 0.9971
20 75.44 43.273 3.121 0.99
30 33.73 36.05 16.193 0.9654
40 13.78 28.89 83.96 0.8744
50 5.37 22.738 346.3 0.6248
Table 5. Performance for News test sequence
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 18020
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)
Bitrate vs. PSNR(dB)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
CIF sequence: Tempete (YUV- 4:2:0)
Total No: of frames: 260 frames.
Width: 352.
Height: 288.
Frame rate: 30fps.
QP Bitrate
(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 1478.47 50.751 0.593 0.9981
20 629.07 41.574 4.87 0.9895
30 212.26 33.278 31.833 0.9548
40 65.88 26.735 138.193 0.8242
50 34.53 22.535 369.9 0.5747
Table 6. Performance for Tempete test sequence
0 500 1000 15000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Bitrate (kbps)M
SE
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 500 1000 15000.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
CIF sequence: Bus (YUV- 4:2:0)
Total No: of frames: 150 frames
Frames encoded: 20
Width: 352
Height: 288
Frame rate: 30fps
QP Bitrate
(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 1332.64 50.756 0.596 0.9979
20 558.51 41.319 5.11 0.9854
30 188.2 33.53 29.45 0.933
40 58.04 27.104 127.05 0.7565
50 30.92 23.193 320.05 0.54
Table 7. Performance for Bus test sequence
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 140020
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(d
B)
Bitrate vs. PSNR (dB)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
CIF sequence: Coastguard (YUV- 4:2:0)
Total No: of frames: 300 frames
Width: 352
Height: 288
Frame rate: 30fps
QP Bitrate
(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 1273.13 50.728 0.60048 0.998
20 539.08 41.096 5.44 0.9826
30 143.99 32.796 35.85 0.89
40 35.52 27.712 110.64 0.6678
50 8.54 24.419 235.08 0.4337
Table 8. Performance for Coastguard test sequence
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 140020
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(d
B)
Bitrate vs. PSNR(dB)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
0
50
100
150
200
250
Bitrate (kbps)M
SE
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
CIF sequence: Waterfall (YUV- 4:2:0)
Total No: of frames: 260 frames
Width: 352
Height: 288
Frame rate: 30fps
QP Bitrate
(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 1263.88 50.58 0.6282 0.9978
20 418.15 41.25 5.17 0.9834
30 137.66 34.169 24.93 0.9153
40 39.66 28.414 93.69 0.6868
50 14.45 25.25 194.55 0.4773
Table 9. Performance for Waterfall test sequence
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 140025
30
35
40
45
50
55
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(d
B)
Bitrate vs. PSNR (dB)
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
Bitrate vs. MSE
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
Bitrate vs. SSIM
HD sequence: Harbor
Width: 1280
Height: 720
Frame rate: 30fps
QP Bitrate (kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 355.01 36.43 43.86 0.9529
20 127.17 31.79 67.03 0.9282
30 42.45 28.64 99.59 0.8927
40 17.616 25.675 177.24 0.7917
50 12.6575 23.179 320.901 0.6268
Table 10. Performance for Harbor test sequence
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 40022
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
HD sequence: Bluesky
Width: 1920
Height: 1080
Frame rate: 30fps
QP Bitrate (kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 221.036 39.258 21.63 0.9785
20 82.37 35.091 31.69 0.9689
30 29.62 31.755 48.64 0.9487
40 13.09 28.352 95.57 0.8987
50 10.47 25.748 178.89 0.8313
Table 11. Performance for Bluesky test sequence
0 50 100 150 200 25025
30
35
40
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)
0 50 100 150 200 25020
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
0 50 100 150 200 2500.82
0.84
0.86
0.88
0.9
0.92
0.94
0.96
0.98
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
HD sequence: Mobile
Width: 720
Height: 480
Frame rate: 30fps
QP Bitrate (kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM
10 183.09 43.679 3.79 0.9921
20 72.96 39.22 9.39 0.98
30 28.07 34.017 31.88 0.9284
40 7.9925 27.638 146.05 0.6746
50 4.9325 24.886 243.95 0.5074
Table 12. Performance for Mobile test sequence
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20024
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Bitrate (kbps)
PS
NR
(dB
)
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000
50
100
150
200
250
Bitrate (kbps)
MS
E
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
Bitrate (kbps)
SS
IM
7. CONCLUSION
The performance of H.264 using the A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard was
analyzed by varying the value of Quantization Parameter, and the corresponding
metrics like MSE, PSNR and SSIM were calculated. Various sequences like CIF,
QCIF and high definition sequences were used to implement the ATSC mobile DTV
standard using the baseline profile of H.264. It is observed that the higher the PSNR,
lower the MSE. Also, higher the value of PSNR, higher the SSIM value.
8. REFERENCES :
[1] G.A.Davidson et al, "ATSC video and audio coding", Proc. IEEE, vol. 94, pp. 60-
76, Jan.2006
[2] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 1 –
Mobile/Handheld Digital Television System,” Doc. A/153 Part 1:2009, Advanced
Television Systems Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.
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[5] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 7 – AVC and SVC
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Television Systems Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.
[8] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 3 – Service
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[9] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 4 –
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[10] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 5 – Presentation
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[11] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 6 – Service
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[12] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 8 – HE AAC
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Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.
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[18] H.264 AVC JM software: http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/
[19] A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard : http://www.atsc.org/standards/a153.php
[20] Video test sequences (YUV 4:2:0): http://trace.eas.asu.edu/yuv/index.html
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