Implementation of A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard

EE 5359 Multimedia Processing

Implementation of A/153 ATSC mobile

DTV standard

Under guidance of Dr.K.R.Rao

Submitted by:

Sriniveditha Shivakkumaran ID # 1000628037

Acknowledgement

I would sincerely like to thank Dr. K.R.Rao for his constant guidance, support and

motivation which led to the successful completion of this project.

I would also like to thank all my friends for their support and encouragement.

List of Acronyms

AAC Advanced Audio Coding

AES Advanced Encryption Standard

AT ATSC Time

ATSC Advanced Television Systems Committee

ATSC-M/H ATSC Mobile/Handheld Standard

AVC Advanced Video Coding (ITU-T H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10)

BSD/A Broadcast Service Distribution/Adaptation Center

BSM BCAST Subscription Management

CIT-MH Cell Information Table for ATSC-M/H

CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check

DNS Domain Name System

DRM Digital Rights Management

DTV Digital Television

DVB Digital Video Broadcasting

FEC Forward Error Correction

HE AAC High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding

HE AAC v2 High Efficiency Advanced Audio Coding version 2

LTKM Long-Term Key Message

M/H Mobile/pedestrian/handheld

MHE M/H Encapsulation

MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group

N Number of columns in RS Frame payload

NTP Network Time Protocol

OMA-BCAST Open Mobile Alliance Broadcast

PEK Program Encryption Key

RTP Real-time Transport Protocol

SDP Session Description Protocol

SEK Service Encryption Key

SG (Electronic) Service Guide

SLT-MH Service Labeling Table for ATSC-M/H

SMPTE Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers

STKM Short-Term Key Message

SVC Scalable Video Coding (Annex G of ITU-T rec. H.264 | ISO/IEC 14496-10)

SVG Scalable Vector Graphics

TCP Transmission Control Protocol

TEK Traffic Encryption Key

TPC Transmission parameter channel

List of figures

Figure 1. ATSC Broadcast System with TS main and M/H Services

Figure 2. H.264 encoder

Figure 3. Intra prediction 4x4

Figure 4. Block diagram of H.264 decoder

Figure 5. Specific coding parts of the profiles in H.264

List of tables

Table 1.Standardized video input formats

Table 2. Performance for Akiyo test sequence

Table 3. Performance for Foreman test sequence

Table 4. Performance for Claire test sequence

Table 5. Performance for News test sequence

Table 6. Performance for Tempete test sequence

Table 7. Performance for Bus test sequence

Table 8. Performance for Coastguard test sequence

Table 9. Performance for Waterfall test sequence

Table 10. Performance for Harbor test sequence

Table 11. Performance for Bluesky test sequence

Table 12. Performance for Mobile test sequence

1. Introduction

Digital video and audio coding technologies have changed the means by which audio

visual content is created and delivered. This is demonstrated by digital television (DTV),

which is one of the most significant emerging consumer applications. [1]

The Advanced Television Systems Committee, Inc., (ATSC) is an international, non-

profit organization which develops voluntary standards for digital television. ATSC

coordinates television standards among various communications media.

The A/153 standard is an ATSC mobile DTV standard which defines the technical

specifications to provide new services to mobile and handheld devices using digital

television transmissions. Its services include real-time interactive services and file-based

content download. [2]

In this project, the video encoding of the A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard using the

baseline profile of H.264 is implemented. The implementation is done with a set of video

coding constraints on the H.264 encoder when used in the ATSC mobile DTV system.

The high definition and standard definition test sequences are processed to achieve the

desired resolution of 416 pixels by 240 lines prior to Advanced Video coding (AVC)

compression.

2. A/153 ATSC mobile digital television standard [2]

Figure 1. ATSC Broadcast System with TS main and M/H Services

The A/153 standard consists of seven different parts. The following provide an overview

of the sections that make up the ATSC M/H (Mobile/Handheld) standard.

2.1. Part 1 – RF/Transmission System Characteristics: The RF/Transmission system characteristics describe the physical layer transmission of

the ATSC mobile DTV system. Mobile/handheld data is partitioned into one or more

ensembles. Each of these ensembles contains one or more services. Each ensemble

has an independent Forward Error Correction (FEC) structure.

Encoding of Mobile/Handheld data has Forward Error Correction at the packet and trellis

levels. Transmission of reliable control data to the M/H receivers is ensured. Burst

transmission lets the Mobile/Handheld receiver to cycle power in the tuner. This helps in

saving energy.

2.2. Part 2 – Service Multiplex and Transport Subsystem: This part describes the Service Multiplex and Transport Subsystem characteristics.

There are two types of files that are delivered using this standard. The first type is music

or video files, which are the content files. The second type of file is a portion of the

service guide. The Service guide includes service protection keys and logos. In both

methods, the mechanisms through which data is delivered are the same. It is upto the

terminal to resolve the purpose of the files.

2.3. Part 3 – Announcement:

The services provided by a broadcaster are announced via the announcement

subsystem. This is down with the help of the Service guide, which is a special M/H

service that is declared in the service signaling subsystem. The available service guides

are determined by the Guide Access Table for M/H (GAT-MH). This table contains the

list of all the Service guides present in the Mobile/Handheld broadcast.

The ATSC M/H Service guide is an OMA BCAST (Open Mobile Alliance Broadcast)

Service guide. One or more IP streams are used for delivering these Service guides. The

Announcement channel delivers the main stream, while the guide data is delivered by

zero or more streams.

2.4. Part 4 – Application Framework: An M/H system delivers video/audio services from a transmission site to mobile/portable

devices. An application framework enables the insertion of supplemental content. It also

defines graphical components, service layouts and transitions between these layouts

and the composition of the audio-visual components. In addition to this, the broadcaster

can also send remote events which would enable to modify the presentation and control

the presentation timeline.

Furthermore, the Application Framework provides layout of services on a variety of class

devices and platforms and coherent rendering of the services.

2.5. Part 5 – Service Protection The Service Protection is an integral part of the ATSC M/H mobile DTV system because

it protects data content during transmission. This part provides protection of content, be it

files or streams, during delivery to a receiver. It is an access control mechanism and is

not responsible for data content after transmission to the receiver.

The Service Protection system consists of the following key components:

o Key provisioning

o Layer 1 registration

o Long-term key message (LTKM)

o Short -term key message (STKM)

o Traffic Encryption

The system is dependent on the following encryption standards:

o Advanced encryption standards (AES)

o Secure Internet Protocol (IPsec)

o Traffic Encryption Key (TEK)

2.6. Part 6 – AVC and SVC Video System:

The Mobile/Handheld system uses MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC and SVC video coding. This

part describes a set of constraints on ITU-T Rec. H.264| ISO/IEC 14496-10 [3] and its

Annex G video compression when used in the ATSC mobile DTV M/H system.

2.7. Part 7 – HE AAC Audio System:

The M/H system uses MPEG-4 Part 3 HE AAC v2 audio coding. This is described in the

ISO/IEC 14496-3 with certain constraints. HE AAC v2 can be used to code either mono

or stereo audio. This system is a combination of three audio coding tools, namely,

MPEG-4 AAC, Spectral Band Replication (SBP) and Parametric Stereo (PS). [2]

In this project, Part 6 is implemented, that is, the Video encoding in the ATSC mobile

DTV system.

3. ATSC mobile DTV standard – Video system Characteristics:

3.1. Possible Video Inputs:

Table 1.Standardized video input formats

The table above shows specific television production standards. These standards define

video formats which relate to compression formats specified by this standard. Additional

video production standards are being developed. this would enable to extend the

possible number of input formats. [4]

• SMPTE (Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers) 274M specifies

representation of uncompressed high-definition television. The image format is

1920x1080 pixels with progressive and interlaced scanning.

• SMPTE 296M defines systems with an image size of 1280x720 pixels and progressive

scanning.

• ITU-R BT.601-5 standardizes the format of high-definition television with 16:9 aspect

ratio. Number of samples per digital active line is 720 and 483 active lines. [4]

4. Video processing before AVC compression:

The image formats for AVC compression are derived as follows:

4.1. 1080i formats

Of the 1920 pixels per line of video, 24 pixels on the left side of the image and 24 pixels on

the right side of the image have to be cropped. This is done to maintain square pixels and

simple ratio-scaling factors. The resulting image would be 1872 pixel by 1080 lines. This

image is then de-interlaced and appropriately re-sampled to 416 pixels by 240 lines prior to

compression.

4.2. 720p formats

Of the 1280 pixels per line, 16 pixels each on the left side and 16 pixels on the right side of

the image have to be cropped. This is done to maintain square pixels and simple ratio-

scaling factors. The resulting 1872 pixel by 1080 line image has to be de-interlaced and re-

sampled to 416 pixels by 240 lines before compression.

4.3. Standard definition (480i and 480p) formats with 16:9 Aspect Ratio

Of the 720 pixels per line of video, 8 pixels on the right side of the image and 8 pixels on

the left side of the image have to be cropped. The resulting 704 pixel by 480 line image

should be de-interlaced and re-sampled to 416 pixels by 240 lines before compression.

4.4. Standard definition formats (480i) formats with 4:3 Aspect Ratio

Any 4:3 standard-definition video should be converted to a 16:9 video format before

compression. This can be done by aspect ratio conversion. This 16:9 frame is converted

to 416 pixels by 240 lines before compression.

Henceforth, the image is converted to 416 pixels by 240 lines before using it as an input

sequence in the H.264 encoder.

5. H.264 coding standard

5.1. Overview

H.264 is a standard developed for multimedia applications. It is used for video

compression, and is equivalent to MPEG-4 Part 10, or MPEG-4 AVC (for advanced

video coding). H.264 supports various applications such as video broadcasting, video

streaming, and video conferencing over fixed and wireless networks.

5.2. H.264 encoder

Figure 2. H.264 encoder

The blocks in the encoder are explained as follows :

5.2.1. 4x4 Integer transform

The H.264 employs a 4x4 integer DCT as compared to 8x8 DCT adopted by the previous

standards. The smaller block size leads to a significant reduction in ringing artifacts. Also,

the 4 x 4 transform has the additional benefit of removing the need for multiplications.

5.2.2. Quantization and scan

The H.264 standard specifies the mathematical formulae of the quantization process. The

scale factor for each element varies as a function of the quantization parameter

associated with the macroblock and as a function of the position of the element within the

sub block. The rate control algorithm controls the value of the quantization parameter.

Two types of scan pattern are used for 4x4 blocks – one for frame coded macroblocks

and one for field coded macroblocks.

5.2.3. Context-based adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) and Context-based

adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) entropy coding

H.264 uses different variable length coding methods in order to match a symbol to a code

based on the context characteristics. They are context-based adaptive variable length

coding (CAVLC) and context-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC). All syntax

elements except for the residual data are encoded by the Exp-Golomb codes. In order to

read the residual data (quantized transform coefficients), zig-zag scan (interlaced) or

alternate scan (non-interlaced or field) is used. For coding the residual data, a more

sophistical method called CAVLC is employed. Also, CABAC is employed in Main and

High profiles, CABAC has more coding efficiency but higher complexity compared to

CAVLC.

5.2.4. Deblocking filter

H.264 employs a deblocking filter to reduce the blocking artifacts in the block boundaries

and stops the propagation of accumulated coded noise. The filter is applied after the

inverse transform (before reconstructing and storing the macroblock for future predictions)

and in the decoder (before reconstructing and displaying the macroblocks). The

deblocking filter is applied across the edges of the macroblocks and the sub-blocks. The

filtered image is used in motion compensated prediction of future frames and helps

achieve more compression.

5.2.5. Inter prediction

Inter prediction is performed on the basis of temporal correlation and consists of motion

estimation and motion compensation. As compared to the previous standards, H.264

supports a large number of block sizes from 16x16 to 4x4. Moreover H.264 supports

motion vector accuracy of one-quarter of the luma sample.

5.2.6. Intra prediction

During intra prediction, the encoder derives a predicted block based on its prediction with

previously decoded samples. The predicted block is then subtracted from the current block

and then encoded. There are a total of nine prediction modes for each 4x4 luma block,

four prediction modes for each 16x16 luma block and four modes for each chroma block.

Figure 3. Intra prediction 4x4

5.3. H.264 decoder

Figure 4. Block diagram of H.264 decoder

The H.264 decoder includes all control information such as picture or slice type,

macroblock types and subtypes, reference frames index, motion vectors, loop filter control,

quantizer step size , as well as coded data comprising of quantized transform coefficients.

The H.264 decoder works similar to the local decoder which is at the encoder.

After entropy, i.e., CABAC or CAVLC decoding, the transform coefficients are inverse

scanned and inverse quantized before being inverse transformed. To the resulting blocks

of residual signal, an appropriate prediction signal that is intra or motion compensated inter,

is added depending on the macroblock type mode, the reference frame, the motion

vector/s, and decoded pictures store, or in intra mode.

The reconstructed video frames undergo deblock filtering prior to being stored for future

use for prediction. At the output of the deblocking filter, the frames may need to undergo

reordering prior to display.

5.4. H.264 profiles

Figure 5. Specific coding parts of the profiles in H.264 [6]

5.2.1. Common coding parts for the Profiles

• I slice (Intra-coded slice): This slice is coded by using prediction only from decoded

samples within the same slice.

• P slice (Predictive-coded slice) : This slice is coded by using inter prediction from

previously-decoded reference pictures, using at most one motion vector and

reference index to predict the sample values of each block.

• CAVLC (Context-based Adaptive Variable Length Coding) is for entropy coding.

A profile specifies a subset of the entire bitstream. The profiles of H.264 are :

Baseline profile

Main profile

Extended profile

High Profile

High 10 Profile

High 4:2:2 Profile

High 4:4:4 Profile The profile of H.264 encoder used in this project is the baseline profile since this profile

provides simplicity of implementation. This profile offers a low complexity encoder and

decoder. The baseline profile finds applications in video-conferencing and mobile video

streaming, where low latency, coding efficiency and low complexity of the

encoder/decoder are the primary considerations.

The features of the baseline profile are:

• I and P slice coding

• Enhanced error resilience coding such as flexible macroblock ordering (FMO) and arbitrary slice ordering (ASO) and redundant slices (RS)

• Context adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC) In the main profile, the coding parts are :

• B slice (Bi-directionally predictive-coded slice): This slice is coded by using inter

prediction from previously-decoded reference pictures.

• Weighted prediction : The scaling operation is performed by applying a weighting

factor to the samples of motion-compensated prediction data in P or B slice

• CABAC (Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding) for entropy coding

6. Implementation of A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard

The video encoding in the ATSC mobile DTV system was implemented for various

CIF, QCIF and High definition sequences using H.264. This was done at various values of

QP and the quality metrics MSE, SSIM and PSNR were calculated.

The results are tabulated for Tempete (CIF), Bus (CIF), Coastguard (CIF), Waterfall (CIF),

Foreman (QCIF), Akiyo (QCIF), Claire (QCIF), News (QCIF) and HD sequences such as

harbour, bluesky, mobile and flamingos.

QCIF sequence: Akiyo (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No: of frames : 300 frames. Width : 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.

QP Bitrate (kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM

10 102.76 51.217 0.502 0.9971

20 46.71 44.907 2.103 0.99

30 21.44 37.83 10.7 0.9659

40 9.2 31.03 51.25 0.87

50 4.45 25.86 168.69 0.707

Table 2. Performance for Akiyo test sequence

0 20 40 60 80 100 12025

30

35

40

45

50

55

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(dB

)Bitrate vs. PSNR(dB)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

QCIF sequence: Foreman (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No. of frames: 300 frames. Width: 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.

QP Bitrate

(kbytes/s) PSNR(db) MSE SSIM

10 235.37 50.197 0.679 0.997

20 89.91 42.132 4.149 0.9867

30 32.66 35.4 19.18 0.95

40 12.5 29.18 78.94 0.8715

50 5.28 23.5 290.47 0.67

Table 3. Performance for foreman test sequence

0 50 100 150 200 25020

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(dB

)

Bitrate vs. PSNR

0 50 100 150 200 250

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Bitrate (kbps)M

SE

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 50 100 150 200 2500.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

QCIF sequence: Claire (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No. of frames : 494 frames. Width : 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.

QP Bitrate


10 108.57 51.42 0.494 0.9962

20 38.73 45.54 1.875 0.9919

30 15.87 39.13 8.121 0.9786

40 7.89 32.822 34.05 0.9395

50 3.68 27.066 127.79 0.8497

Table 4. Performance for Claire test sequence

0 20 40 60 80 100 12025

30

35

40

45

50

55

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(dB

)

Bitrate vs. PSNR (dB)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200.84

0.86

0.88

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

1.02

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

QCIF sequence: News (YUV- 4:2:0) Total No. of frames : 300 frames. Width : 176. Height: 144. Frame rate: 30fps.

QP Bitrate


10 178.48 50.516 0.611 0.9971

20 75.44 43.273 3.121 0.99

30 33.73 36.05 16.193 0.9654

40 13.78 28.89 83.96 0.8744

50 5.37 22.738 346.3 0.6248

Table 5. Performance for News test sequence

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 18020

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(dB

)

Bitrate vs. PSNR(dB)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 1800

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

CIF sequence: Tempete (YUV- 4:2:0)

Total No: of frames: 260 frames.

Width: 352.

Height: 288.

Frame rate: 30fps.

QP Bitrate


10 1478.47 50.751 0.593 0.9981

20 629.07 41.574 4.87 0.9895

30 212.26 33.278 31.833 0.9548

40 65.88 26.735 138.193 0.8242

50 34.53 22.535 369.9 0.5747

Table 6. Performance for Tempete test sequence

0 500 1000 15000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Bitrate (kbps)M

SE

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 500 1000 15000.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

CIF sequence: Bus (YUV- 4:2:0)

Total No: of frames: 150 frames

Frames encoded: 20

Width: 352

Height: 288

Frame rate: 30fps

QP Bitrate


10 1332.64 50.756 0.596 0.9979

20 558.51 41.319 5.11 0.9854

30 188.2 33.53 29.45 0.933

40 58.04 27.104 127.05 0.7565

50 30.92 23.193 320.05 0.54

Table 7. Performance for Bus test sequence

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 140020

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(d

B)


0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

CIF sequence: Coastguard (YUV- 4:2:0)


Width: 352

Height: 288

Frame rate: 30fps

QP Bitrate


10 1273.13 50.728 0.60048 0.998

20 539.08 41.096 5.44 0.9826

30 143.99 32.796 35.85 0.89

40 35.52 27.712 110.64 0.6678

50 8.54 24.419 235.08 0.4337

Table 8. Performance for Coastguard test sequence

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 140020

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(d

B)

Bitrate vs. PSNR(dB)

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

0

50

100

150

200

250

Bitrate (kbps)M

SE

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

CIF sequence: Waterfall (YUV- 4:2:0)


Width: 352

Height: 288

Frame rate: 30fps

QP Bitrate


10 1263.88 50.58 0.6282 0.9978

20 418.15 41.25 5.17 0.9834

30 137.66 34.169 24.93 0.9153

40 39.66 28.414 93.69 0.6868

50 14.45 25.25 194.55 0.4773

Table 9. Performance for Waterfall test sequence

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 140025

30

35

40

45

50

55

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(d

B)


0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

200

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

Bitrate vs. MSE

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 14000.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

Bitrate vs. SSIM

HD sequence: Harbor

Width: 1280

Height: 720

Frame rate: 30fps


10 355.01 36.43 43.86 0.9529

20 127.17 31.79 67.03 0.9282

30 42.45 28.64 99.59 0.8927

40 17.616 25.675 177.24 0.7917

50 12.6575 23.179 320.901 0.6268

Table 10. Performance for Harbor test sequence

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 40022

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(dB

)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

HD sequence: Bluesky

Width: 1920

Height: 1080

Frame rate: 30fps


10 221.036 39.258 21.63 0.9785

20 82.37 35.091 31.69 0.9689

30 29.62 31.755 48.64 0.9487

40 13.09 28.352 95.57 0.8987

50 10.47 25.748 178.89 0.8313

Table 11. Performance for Bluesky test sequence

0 50 100 150 200 25025

30

35

40

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(dB

)

0 50 100 150 200 25020

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

0 50 100 150 200 2500.82

0.84

0.86

0.88

0.9

0.92

0.94

0.96

0.98

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

HD sequence: Mobile

Width: 720

Height: 480

Frame rate: 30fps


10 183.09 43.679 3.79 0.9921

20 72.96 39.22 9.39 0.98

30 28.07 34.017 31.88 0.9284

40 7.9925 27.638 146.05 0.6746

50 4.9325 24.886 243.95 0.5074

Table 12. Performance for Mobile test sequence

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 20024

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

Bitrate (kbps)

PS

NR

(dB

)

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000

50

100

150

200

250

Bitrate (kbps)

MS

E

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 2000.5

0.55

0.6

0.65

0.7

0.75

0.8

0.85

0.9

0.95

1

Bitrate (kbps)

SS

IM

7. CONCLUSION

The performance of H.264 using the A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard was

analyzed by varying the value of Quantization Parameter, and the corresponding

metrics like MSE, PSNR and SSIM were calculated. Various sequences like CIF,

QCIF and high definition sequences were used to implement the ATSC mobile DTV

standard using the baseline profile of H.264. It is observed that the higher the PSNR,

lower the MSE. Also, higher the value of PSNR, higher the SSIM value.

8. REFERENCES :

[1] G.A.Davidson et al, "ATSC video and audio coding", Proc. IEEE, vol. 94, pp. 60-

76, Jan.2006

[2] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 1 –

Mobile/Handheld Digital Television System,” Doc. A/153 Part 1:2009, Advanced

Television Systems Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.

[3] ISO/IEC 14496-10 (ITU-T H.264), International Standard (2007), “Advanced video

coding for generic audiovisual services” with Corrigendum 1 (01/2009).

[4] ATSC: “ATSC Digital Television Standard, Part 4 – MPEG- 2 Video System

Characteristics,” Doc. A/53 Part 4:2009, Advanced Television Systems Committee,

Washington, D.C., 7 August 2009.

[5] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 7 – AVC and SVC

Video System Characteristics,” Doc. A/153 Part 7:2009, Advanced Television Systems

Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.

[6] Soon-kak Kwon, A. Tamhankar and K.R. Rao, “Overview of H.264 / MPEG-4 Part

10 (pp.186-216)”, Special issue on “ Emerging H.264/AVC video coding standard”, J.

Visual Communication and Image Representation, vol. 17, pp.183-552, Apr. 2006.


RF/Transmission System Characteristics,” Doc. A/153 Part 2:2009, Advanced

Television Systems Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.

[8] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 3 – Service

Multiplex and Transport Subsystem Characteristics,” Doc. A/153 Part 3:2009,

Advanced Television Systems Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.


Announcement,” Doc. A/153 Part 4:2009, Advanced Television Systems Committee,

Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.

[10] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 5 – Presentation

Framework,” Doc. A/153 Part 5:2009, Advanced Television Systems Committee,


[11] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 6 – Service

Protection,” Doc. A/153 Part 6:2009, Advanced Television Systems Committee,


[12] ATSC: “ATSC Mobile/Handheld Digital Television Standard, Part 8 – HE AAC

Audio System Characteristics,” Doc. A/153 Part 8:2009, Advanced Television Systems

Committee, Washington, D.C., 15 October 2009.

[13] A. Puri, X. Chen and A. Luthra, “Video coding using the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

compression standard”, Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 19, pp. 793-

849, Oct. 2004

[14] T.Wiegand, et al “Overview of the H.264/AVC video coding standard”, IEEE

Trans. on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Vol.13, pp 560-576, July 2003.

[15] T. Wiegand and G. J. Sullivan, “The H.264 video coding standard”, IEEE Signal

Processing Magazine, vol. 24, pp. 148-153, March 2007

[16] A. Ravi and K.R. Rao, “Performance analysis and comparison of the Dirac video

codec with H.264 / MPEG-4 Part 10 AVC,” IJWMIP. (under review)

[17] A. Puri, X. Chen and A. Luthra, “Video coding using the H.264/MPEG-4 AVC

compression standard”, Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 19, pp. 793-

849, Oct. 2004

[18] H.264 AVC JM software: http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/

[19] A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard : http://www.atsc.org/standards/a153.php

[20] Video test sequences (YUV 4:2:0): http://trace.eas.asu.edu/yuv/index.html

http://iphome.hhi.de/suehring/tml/

http://www.atsc.org/standards/a153.php

http://trace.eas.asu.edu/yuv/index.html

[21] Mark S. Richer, Glenn Reitmeier, Tom Gurley, Graham A.Jones, Jerry Whitaker and Robert Rast, “The ATSC Digital Television System “ ,IEEE journal, vol. 94,pp. 37-43, January 2006. [22] Richard Schwartz, “Integrating ATSC M/H into a Broadcats Transmission system; Options and Choices – What you need to know”, 63rd annual NAB Show Broadcast Engineering Conference Proceedings (2009). [23] A. A. Ramirez, et al. "MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 and VC-1 codecs comparison used in IPTV video streaming technology," Electronics, Robotics and Automotive Mechanics Conference, pp.122-126, 2008. [24] R. Schäfer, T. Wiegand and H. Schwarz, “The emerging H.264/AVC standard”, EBU Technical Review, Jan. 2003. BOOKS : [25] I. Richardson, “ The H.264 advanced video compression standard”, Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010

Documents

Implementation of A/153 ATSC mobile DTV standard