ICZM progress in Romania
ROMANIA - Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development
Msc. Lucia Ana VARGA,PhD. Mary-Jeanne ADLER,Dumitru DOROGAN
Integrated Coastal Zone Management - ICZM( EU & international necessity)
The urge for integrated management of coastal zone is found in UN Agenda 21
EU Requirements : -the need for integrated management of river basins including coastal zones in order to sustain economic development in the future.
EU Guidelines:• Water Framework Directive (WFD-2000/60/EC) • EU ICZM Recommendations (2002/413/EC)• EU Draft on Marine Strategy and Maritime Policy
Black Sea Convention’92• Black Sea Strategic Action Plan for the Protection and Rehabilitation
of the Black Sea
Institutional and legislative measures
Monitoring and research programs
Institutional and legislative measures• Specific legislation in course of updating - coastal zone law or
development - ICZM Strategy& Action Plan • Institutional structure: National Committee, Working Groups
&Technical Secretariat
Strategic Monitoring & Control
National ICZMStrategy
Territorial and Urban planning
Integrated Water Resources Management
Environmental Management & Nature Protection
NationalCommittee
TechnicalSecretariat
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Local sector agencies
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National and international collaboration for research and regional development projects
MATRA –Dutch assistance-2005-2007 -assistance for strengthening of the capacity building in the ICZM implementation process (public awareness, consultancy in drafting of a national ICZM Strategy and strengthening the capacity of the working groups)
JICA-Japanese assistance (2005-2007): -Study for the Protection and Rehabilitation of the Southern Romanian Black Sea Shore
-2 priority selected Feasibility Studies: Mamaia and Eforie
INTERREG CADSES Projects: CADSEALAND (2005-2007), PlanCoast (2006-2008)
ROMANIA - Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development
1. Danube Basin issues that ICZM should address
Integrated Coastal Plan Management should adress to the Danube-Black Sea water object
i. Danube River and Danube Basin monitoring and research activities
Seasonal variation of the mean monthly discharges of some Danube gauging stations
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mois
Q (m
3 /s)
Ingolstadt Regensburg Hofkirchen Linz
Wien Bratislava Mohacs Pancevo
Orsova Novo Selo Ruse Ceatal Izmail
1a. DANUBE REGIME
month
The mean annual discharge series of data have
no tendency at Orsova or at Ceatal Ismail
The mean annual maximum at Orsova gauging station
Les debits annuels maximaux du Danube a Orsova et leurs frequence mensuelle
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2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
ans
Q (
m3 /s
)
0
10
20
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12mois
Mean maximum discharge (cm/s)
Year
Years with maximum discharges: 1924, 1926, 1940, 1942, 1944, 1954, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1981, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006
Month
Minimum dischargeLes debits annuels minimaux
du Danube a Orsova et leurs frequence mensuelle
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
ans
Q (m
3/s
)
0
10
20
30
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
mois
Mean annual minimum discharge (cm/s)
Year
Years with minimum discharges 95% (1610m3/s) - in January 1893, 1901, December 1902, January1954, October 1985 (the smallest – 1060 m3/s). For shipment on downstream of Iron Gates sector, the minimum discharge is 2500 - 2700 m3/s
Month
• The load transport was diminished
• Modification of the transversal profiles and longitudinal profile of the river
1b. LOAD TRANSPORT
Variation in time of the transversal profile (a) and the correspondents water level at the 3000 m3/s discharge, and at 8000 m3/s (b), in the cross section Corabia (Km 624+200) of
the Danube River
5
7
9
11
13
15
17
19
21
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25
0 200 400 600 800 1000
X (m)
Z (m
dM
N S
ulin
a)
1974 1981 1994 Cote minimal de navigation
0
50100
150
200250
300
350
400450
500
1964 1969 1973 1974 1981 1994Q=3000 mc/s Q=8000 mc/s
H, cm
The impact of the reservoirs and hydrotechnical infrastructures on the
interior rivers of Romania
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
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1000
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995ans
de
bit
mo
yen
de
tra
nsp
ort
so
lide
en
su
spe
nsi
on
(kg
/s)
Jiu Olt Arges SiretMean
ann
ual lo
ads (kg
/s)
year
Load tendency at the Iron Gates Reservoir (Orsova) and at the input of the Danube
Delta (Ceatal Ismail)
BY
POLLUTION
AND
HABITAT
ALTERATIONS
DRADGING CHANNELS
HABITAT
RE DU CTIO NS
BY
AND
BUILDING BARRAGESAT KM 942 AND KM 863 FROM RIVER MOUTHS
DAMMING UPSTREAM FLOODPLAINAND 22% OF THE DELTA
B l
a c
k S
e a
A
TULCEA
Phosphorous: 45.000-60.000 t/year
Oil: 45.000-50.000 t/year
DANUBE
Pollution
LEGEND
Damming (22%)
New channels
, ,
,, ,,
BYSTROE WATERWAY
AND
1c. ECOSYSTEMS OF THE DANUBE RIVER1c. ECOSYSTEMS OF THE DANUBE RIVER
Damming floodplain upstream the Danube Delta
Jiu
Olt
Arges
Ialomita
Calmatui
S iret
<1960
1960-19651965-1970
>1970
Damming period
Iron Gate II
Iron Gate I
Catch sizes in the Romanian Danube Delta and adjacent lakes
02000
4000
60008000
1000012000
14000
1600018000
19
481
950
19
521
954
19
561
958
19
60
19
611
964
19
661
968
19
70
19
721
974
ton
s Cyprinus Ca rpio
Total
Damming floodplain area of the Danube river
0
100
200
300
400
500
1949 1952 1956 1960 1962 19 66 1975
x1,000 ha
Damming and channel excavations
Danube
Legend
1903-19161952-1960> 19601941-19511930-19401 88 0- 19 02
Excavation periodLegend
1960-19701971-19801981-1989
Building period
Danube
In 1994 Babina (2,100 ha),
- agricultural polder -
in 1996 Cernovca(1,580 ha)
- agricultural polder -
in 2000 Popina(3,600 ha)
- fishpond -
in 2002 Fortuna (2,115 ha) -
- agricultural polder -
Prospective areas to be restored
Holbina - Dunavat(5,630 ha)
- fishponds -
Implemented and ongoing RestorationWorks in the Danube Delta
TOTAL: 15,025 ha
ENCOUNTERED CONSTRAINTS ENCOUNTERED CONSTRAINTS FOR RESTORATIONFOR RESTORATION
LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK
POLITICAL DECISION PUBLIC AWARENESS
GAPS IN KNOWLEDGEIRREVERSIBLEMAN MADE CHANGES
WATER QUALITY WETLAND RESTORATION
STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION
FUNCTIONALINTEGRITY
1c. POLUTION OF THE 1c. POLUTION OF THE DANUBE-DELTA-BLACK SEA DANUBE-DELTA-BLACK SEA
SYSTEMSYSTEM
Hydrology and water chemistry changes
DANUBE RIVER
Water inflow (cm/s)P(PO4) (mg/l)N(NO3) (mg/l)
P(PO4) inflowtons/year
N(NO3) inflowtons/year
DELTA ECOSYSTEMS
Before 1960 1971-1980 1980-1989
309 359 620<0.01 0.06 0.070.4 1.5 1.5
100 700 1,400
4,000 17,000 29,300
ICPDR Report, 2004ICPDR Report, 2004
Annual Nitrogen Load in the Danube (in kt/y), subdivided over the countries of origin, with a high estimate for the in
stream denitrification (= removal rate)
68
551total
77
15
30
31
20
23
72
36
23
121
8
28
nitrogen (kt/a)
(12.3% )
(100% )
(13.9% )
(2.8% )
(5.4% )
(5.6% )
(3.5% )
(4.1% )
(13.1% )
(6.5% )
(4.1% )
(22% )
(1.5% )
(5.1% )
0
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sou
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BG
-RO
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out
flow
G ERMANY AUSTRIA CZECH_RE SLO VAKIA
HUNG ARY SLO VENIA CRO ATIA YUG O SLAV
BOSNIA_H BULG ARIA RO MANIA MO LDO VA
UKRAINE
ICPDR Report, 2004ICPDR Report, 2004
Strengthening the implementation capacities Strengthening the implementation capacities for the nutrient reduction and transboundary cooperation in the DRB - for the nutrient reduction and transboundary cooperation in the DRB -
UNDP GEF Danube Regional ProjectUNDP GEF Danube Regional Project
RIVER POLUTANTS TRANSPORT; SPILLS
25
26
ICPDR Policies & ICPDR Policies & ActionsActions
The Joint Action Programme
River Basin Management and implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive
Policies and Strategies of the Policies and Strategies of the JAPJAP
Emission inventory and pollution reductionRestoration of wetlands and flood plainsTransnational Monitoring Network (TNMN)
and extended water quality standardsAccident warning system and preventionSustainable flood control and preventionDomestic and basin wide water balance.
Memorandum of Memorandum of UnderstandingUnderstanding
between the International Commission for the Protection of
the Black Sea (ICPBS) and the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) on Common Strategic
GoalsJoint Danube / Black Sea Technical Working Group
ii. Black Sea System Response
Black Sea Romanian Coastal Zone
• Shore length- 244 Km (7.65% from total Romanian border)
• PROPOSED COASTAL SUB-ZONING:
– Upland Impact zone(watershed)
– Planning Zone
– Management Zone50 - 150 m (coastal strip) +1 NM seaward from baseline
– Black Sea Impact Zone(1 NM line inland+12 NM)
Main threats in the Romanian coastal zone
Coastal erosion Pollution threatens most at:
Northern section:-Section between Sulina & St. George and south of St. George
Southern section:• Mamaia • Constanta • Eforie Nord • Eforie Sud • Costinesti • Olimp to Mangalia
caused by:
• Non-point sources (agriculture)
• Point-sources (ind.+ mun.waste water)
• Potential water shortage in North of Constanta County
Potential land-use conflicts due to:
• increasing land demand due to urban growth.
• increasing land demand for tourism development
• increasing land demand for industrialization close to urban centers
• unplanned settlements
Land use
Goals: In short and medium terms, by adopting
appropriate strategies, that will permit economic development, whilst assuring the recovery of the agricultural and industrial sector activities, the discharge of nutrient and hazardous substances into the Black Sea shall not exceed the discharges from 1997
In the long-term, the Black Sea ecosystems shall recover to conditions similar to those observed in the 1960s through progressive reduction of loads of anthropogenically applied nutrients and hazardous substances in all countries of the Black Sea Basin.
Nutrient Reduction to the Nutrient Reduction to the Black SeaBlack Sea
EROSION PROCESS OF THE COASTAL AREA OF THE
BLACK SEA
Erosion processes• Romania has a territorial coastline extending over about 240 km along the
northwestern side of the Black Sea. In the past several decades, however, the Romanian Black Sea shore has been suffering from serious beach erosion problems. The northern unit of the Romanian coastal area, which is designated as the Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation, is most affected, but its southern unit is also in danger where the economical activity is strong, including the tourism industry.
• Most of the coast area is being eroded with the rate of up to 2.0 m per year. The southern part of Mamaia Beach is subject to the severest erosion. Without countermeasures against beach erosion, the shoreline is expected to retreat by 70 m on the average in twenty years; sandy beaches will disappear and some hotels will be susceptible to the danger of total collapse.
• Many cliffs are also being eroded by wave abrasion at their feet and/or slip failure in their upper part due to the rise of ground water table during heavy rain etc. The northeastern part of Constantza City and the shore side of Eforie City have many housings and buildings near the edges of the cliffs. The cliffs in the study area have been eroded with the rate of about 0.6 m per year in the place where no protective measures have been implemented.
ProblemProblem AnalysisAnalysis
EvaluationEvaluation
PopulationPopulation AnalysisAnalysis
JobJobAnalysisAnalysis
TaskTaskAnalysisAnalysis
ModuleModuleDesignDesignTrainingTraining
ToolsTools
Validation Validation & &
RevisionsRevisions
ImplementationImplementation
PlanninPlanningg
ProductioProductionn
EvaluatiEvaluationon
Implementing ICZM solutionsImplementing ICZM solutions
The implementation will be dealing with legislation, monitoring, enforcement and evaluation, including the relevant results of the PlanCoast Project
NEXT STEPS:
Providing of a roughly estimated budget (Dutch evaluations) of 5 –7 Providing of a roughly estimated budget (Dutch evaluations) of 5 –7 million Euro including external assistance for:million Euro including external assistance for:
* Dissemination of coastal knowledge * Dissemination of coastal knowledge * Initiation and development of coastal pilot projects * Initiation and development of coastal pilot projects
* Improved decision making, training.* Improved decision making, training.* Joint cooperation-projects, programs.* Joint cooperation-projects, programs.* Sustainable use of coastal resources (practical & * Sustainable use of coastal resources (practical & functional mechanism). functional mechanism).
Implementing the national program of measures HG 164/2004 for the Implementing the national program of measures HG 164/2004 for the protection and rehabilitation of the coastal zone (JICA Study southern protection and rehabilitation of the coastal zone (JICA Study southern littoral against erosion) for 2007-2020littoral against erosion) for 2007-2020
Conclusion – next actions• Collaboration with the stakeholders;
• Strengthening the capacity of the coordinating bodies. • Organizing common training programs, disseminating best available
practices and practical implementation of the specific laws – we are waiting for the PlanCoast results in this respect;
• Technical, economic and financial feasibility projects of alternative options to take adaptive/corrective actions (international collaboration);
• Financial support for projects implementation (national budget, structural & cohesion funds, loans, sponsors, etc) - Implementing the national program of measures HG 164/2004 for the protection and rehabilitation of the coastal zone (JICA Study southern littoral against erosion) for 2007-2020
Final boot: Sea land use planning under conservation and sustainable development constraints
I wish you a fruitful Conference!