ICZM progress in Romania

ROMANIA - Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

Msc. Lucia Ana VARGA,PhD. Mary-Jeanne ADLER,Dumitru DOROGAN

Integrated Coastal Zone Management - ICZM( EU & international necessity)

The urge for integrated management of coastal zone is found in UN Agenda 21

EU Requirements : -the need for integrated management of river basins including coastal zones in order to sustain economic development in the future.

EU Guidelines:• Water Framework Directive (WFD-2000/60/EC) • EU ICZM Recommendations (2002/413/EC)• EU Draft on Marine Strategy and Maritime Policy

Black Sea Convention’92• Black Sea Strategic Action Plan for the Protection and Rehabilitation

of the Black Sea

Institutional and legislative measures

Monitoring and research programs

Institutional and legislative measures• Specific legislation in course of updating - coastal zone law or

development - ICZM Strategy& Action Plan • Institutional structure: National Committee, Working Groups

&Technical Secretariat

Strategic Monitoring & Control

National ICZMStrategy

Territorial and Urban planning

Integrated Water Resources Management

Environmental Management & Nature Protection

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TechnicalSecretariat

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National and international collaboration for research and regional development projects

MATRA –Dutch assistance-2005-2007 -assistance for strengthening of the capacity building in the ICZM implementation process (public awareness, consultancy in drafting of a national ICZM Strategy and strengthening the capacity of the working groups)

JICA-Japanese assistance (2005-2007): -Study for the Protection and Rehabilitation of the Southern Romanian Black Sea Shore

-2 priority selected Feasibility Studies: Mamaia and Eforie

INTERREG CADSES Projects: CADSEALAND (2005-2007), PlanCoast (2006-2008)

ROMANIA - Ministry of Environment and Sustainable Development

1. Danube Basin issues that ICZM should address

Integrated Coastal Plan Management should adress to the Danube-Black Sea water object

i. Danube River and Danube Basin monitoring and research activities

Seasonal variation of the mean monthly discharges of some Danube gauging stations

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

10000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mois

Q (m

3 /s)

Ingolstadt Regensburg Hofkirchen Linz

Wien Bratislava Mohacs Pancevo

Orsova Novo Selo Ruse Ceatal Izmail

1a. DANUBE REGIME

month

The mean annual discharge series of data have

no tendency at Orsova or at Ceatal Ismail

The mean annual maximum at Orsova gauging station

Les debits annuels maximaux du Danube a Orsova et leurs frequence mensuelle

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12000

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16000

18000

20000

ans

Q (

m3 /s

)

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10

20

30

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12mois

Mean maximum discharge (cm/s)

Year

Years with maximum discharges: 1924, 1926, 1940, 1942, 1944, 1954, 1965, 1969, 1970, 1974, 1981, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006

Month

Minimum dischargeLes debits annuels minimaux

du Danube a Orsova et leurs frequence mensuelle

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1500

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2500

3000

3500

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4500

ans

Q (m

3/s

)

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

mois

Mean annual minimum discharge (cm/s)

Year

Years with minimum discharges 95% (1610m3/s) - in January 1893, 1901, December 1902, January1954, October 1985 (the smallest – 1060 m3/s). For shipment on downstream of Iron Gates sector, the minimum discharge is 2500 - 2700 m3/s

Month

 

• The load transport was diminished

• Modification of the transversal profiles and longitudinal profile of the river

1b. LOAD TRANSPORT

Variation in time of the transversal profile (a) and the correspondents water level at the 3000 m3/s discharge, and at 8000 m3/s (b), in the cross section Corabia (Km 624+200) of

the Danube River

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7

9

11

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15

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19

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25

0 200 400 600 800 1000

X (m)

Z (m

dM

N S

ulin

a)

1974 1981 1994 Cote minimal de navigation

0

50100

150

200250

300

350

400450

500

1964 1969 1973 1974 1981 1994Q=3000 mc/s Q=8000 mc/s

H, cm

The impact of the reservoirs and hydrotechnical infrastructures on the

interior rivers of Romania

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995ans

de

bit

mo

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de

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(kg

/s)

Jiu Olt Arges SiretMean

ann

ual lo

ads (kg

/s)

year

Load tendency at the Iron Gates Reservoir (Orsova) and at the input of the Danube

Delta (Ceatal Ismail)

BY

POLLUTION

AND

HABITAT

ALTERATIONS

DRADGING CHANNELS

HABITAT

RE DU CTIO NS

BY

AND

BUILDING BARRAGESAT KM 942 AND KM 863 FROM RIVER MOUTHS

DAMMING UPSTREAM FLOODPLAINAND 22% OF THE DELTA

B l

a c

k S

e a

A

TULCEA

Phosphorous: 45.000-60.000 t/year

Oil: 45.000-50.000 t/year

DANUBE

Pollution

LEGEND

Damming (22%)

New channels

, ,

,, ,,

BYSTROE WATERWAY

AND

1c. ECOSYSTEMS OF THE DANUBE RIVER1c. ECOSYSTEMS OF THE DANUBE RIVER

Damming floodplain upstream the Danube Delta

Jiu

Olt

Arges

Ialomita

Calmatui

S iret

<1960

1960-19651965-1970

>1970

Damming period

Iron Gate II

Iron Gate I

Catch sizes in the Romanian Danube Delta and adjacent lakes

02000

4000

60008000

1000012000

14000

1600018000

19

481

950

19

521

954

19

561

958

19

60

19

611

964

19

661

968

19

70

19

721

974

ton

s Cyprinus Ca rpio

Total

Damming floodplain area of the Danube river

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100

200

300

400

500

1949 1952 1956 1960 1962 19 66 1975

x1,000 ha

Damming and channel excavations

Danube

Legend

1903-19161952-1960> 19601941-19511930-19401 88 0- 19 02

Excavation periodLegend

1960-19701971-19801981-1989

Building period

Danube

In 1994 Babina (2,100 ha),

- agricultural polder -

in 1996 Cernovca(1,580 ha)

- agricultural polder -

in 2000 Popina(3,600 ha)

- fishpond -

in 2002 Fortuna (2,115 ha) -

- agricultural polder -

Prospective areas to be restored

Holbina - Dunavat(5,630 ha)

- fishponds -

Implemented and ongoing RestorationWorks in the Danube Delta

TOTAL: 15,025 ha

ENCOUNTERED CONSTRAINTS ENCOUNTERED CONSTRAINTS FOR RESTORATIONFOR RESTORATION

LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK

POLITICAL DECISION PUBLIC AWARENESS

GAPS IN KNOWLEDGEIRREVERSIBLEMAN MADE CHANGES

WATER QUALITY WETLAND RESTORATION

STAKEHOLDERS PARTICIPATION

FUNCTIONALINTEGRITY

1c. POLUTION OF THE 1c. POLUTION OF THE DANUBE-DELTA-BLACK SEA DANUBE-DELTA-BLACK SEA

SYSTEMSYSTEM

Hydrology and water chemistry changes

DANUBE RIVER

Water inflow (cm/s)P(PO4) (mg/l)N(NO3) (mg/l)

P(PO4) inflowtons/year

N(NO3) inflowtons/year

DELTA ECOSYSTEMS

Before 1960 1971-1980 1980-1989

309 359 620<0.01 0.06 0.070.4 1.5 1.5

100 700 1,400

4,000 17,000 29,300

ICPDR Report, 2004ICPDR Report, 2004

Annual Nitrogen Load in the Danube (in kt/y), subdivided over the countries of origin, with a high estimate for the in

stream denitrification (= removal rate)

68

551total

77

15

30

31

20

23

72

36

23

121

8

28

nitrogen (kt/a)

(12.3% )

(100% )

(13.9% )

(2.8% )

(5.4% )

(5.6% )

(3.5% )

(4.1% )

(13.1% )

(6.5% )

(4.1% )

(22% )

(1.5% )

(5.1% )

0

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sou

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G ERMANY AUSTRIA CZECH_RE SLO VAKIA

HUNG ARY SLO VENIA CRO ATIA YUG O SLAV

BOSNIA_H BULG ARIA RO MANIA MO LDO VA

UKRAINE

ICPDR Report, 2004ICPDR Report, 2004

Strengthening the implementation capacities Strengthening the implementation capacities for the nutrient reduction and transboundary cooperation in the DRB - for the nutrient reduction and transboundary cooperation in the DRB -

UNDP GEF Danube Regional ProjectUNDP GEF Danube Regional Project

RIVER POLUTANTS TRANSPORT; SPILLS

25

26

ICPDR Policies & ICPDR Policies & ActionsActions

The Joint Action Programme

River Basin Management and implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive

Policies and Strategies of the Policies and Strategies of the JAPJAP

Emission inventory and pollution reductionRestoration of wetlands and flood plainsTransnational Monitoring Network (TNMN)

and extended water quality standardsAccident warning system and preventionSustainable flood control and preventionDomestic and basin wide water balance.

Memorandum of Memorandum of UnderstandingUnderstanding

between the International Commission for the Protection of

the Black Sea (ICPBS) and the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) on Common Strategic

GoalsJoint Danube / Black Sea Technical Working Group

ii. Black Sea System Response

Black Sea Romanian Coastal Zone

• Shore length- 244 Km (7.65% from total Romanian border)

• PROPOSED COASTAL SUB-ZONING:

– Upland Impact zone(watershed)

– Planning Zone

– Management Zone50 - 150 m (coastal strip) +1 NM seaward from baseline

– Black Sea Impact Zone(1 NM line inland+12 NM)

Main threats in the Romanian coastal zone

Coastal erosion Pollution threatens most at:

Northern section:-Section between Sulina & St. George and south of St. George

Southern section:• Mamaia • Constanta • Eforie Nord • Eforie Sud • Costinesti • Olimp to Mangalia

caused by:

• Non-point sources (agriculture)

• Point-sources (ind.+ mun.waste water)

• Potential water shortage in North of Constanta County

Potential land-use conflicts due to:

• increasing land demand due to urban growth.

• increasing land demand for tourism development

• increasing land demand for industrialization close to urban centers

• unplanned settlements

Land use

Goals: In short and medium terms, by adopting

appropriate strategies, that will permit economic development, whilst assuring the recovery of the agricultural and industrial sector activities, the discharge of nutrient and hazardous substances into the Black Sea shall not exceed the discharges from 1997

In the long-term, the Black Sea ecosystems shall recover to conditions similar to those observed in the 1960s through progressive reduction of loads of anthropogenically applied nutrients and hazardous substances in all countries of the Black Sea Basin.

Nutrient Reduction to the Nutrient Reduction to the Black SeaBlack Sea

EROSION PROCESS OF THE COASTAL AREA OF THE

BLACK SEA

Erosion processes• Romania has a territorial coastline extending over about 240 km along the

northwestern side of the Black Sea. In the past several decades, however, the Romanian Black Sea shore has been suffering from serious beach erosion problems. The northern unit of the Romanian coastal area, which is designated as the Danube Delta Biosphere Reservation, is most affected, but its southern unit is also in danger where the economical activity is strong, including the tourism industry.

• Most of the coast area is being eroded with the rate of up to 2.0 m per year. The southern part of Mamaia Beach is subject to the severest erosion. Without countermeasures against beach erosion, the shoreline is expected to retreat by 70 m on the average in twenty years; sandy beaches will disappear and some hotels will be susceptible to the danger of total collapse.

• Many cliffs are also being eroded by wave abrasion at their feet and/or slip failure in their upper part due to the rise of ground water table during heavy rain etc. The northeastern part of Constantza City and the shore side of Eforie City have many housings and buildings near the edges of the cliffs. The cliffs in the study area have been eroded with the rate of about 0.6 m per year in the place where no protective measures have been implemented.

ProblemProblem AnalysisAnalysis

EvaluationEvaluation

PopulationPopulation AnalysisAnalysis

JobJobAnalysisAnalysis

TaskTaskAnalysisAnalysis

ModuleModuleDesignDesignTrainingTraining

ToolsTools

Validation Validation & &

RevisionsRevisions

ImplementationImplementation

PlanninPlanningg

ProductioProductionn

EvaluatiEvaluationon

Implementing ICZM solutionsImplementing ICZM solutions

The implementation will be dealing with legislation, monitoring, enforcement and evaluation, including the relevant results of the PlanCoast Project

NEXT STEPS:

Providing of a roughly estimated budget (Dutch evaluations) of 5 –7 Providing of a roughly estimated budget (Dutch evaluations) of 5 –7 million Euro including external assistance for:million Euro including external assistance for:

* Dissemination of coastal knowledge * Dissemination of coastal knowledge * Initiation and development of coastal pilot projects * Initiation and development of coastal pilot projects

* Improved decision making, training.* Improved decision making, training.* Joint cooperation-projects, programs.* Joint cooperation-projects, programs.* Sustainable use of coastal resources (practical & * Sustainable use of coastal resources (practical & functional mechanism). functional mechanism).

Implementing the national program of measures HG 164/2004 for the Implementing the national program of measures HG 164/2004 for the protection and rehabilitation of the coastal zone (JICA Study southern protection and rehabilitation of the coastal zone (JICA Study southern littoral against erosion) for 2007-2020littoral against erosion) for 2007-2020

Conclusion – next actions• Collaboration with the stakeholders;

• Strengthening the capacity of the coordinating bodies. • Organizing common training programs, disseminating best available

practices and practical implementation of the specific laws – we are waiting for the PlanCoast results in this respect;

• Technical, economic and financial feasibility projects of alternative options to take adaptive/corrective actions (international collaboration);

• Financial support for projects implementation (national budget, structural & cohesion funds, loans, sponsors, etc) - Implementing the national program of measures HG 164/2004 for the protection and rehabilitation of the coastal zone (JICA Study southern littoral against erosion) for 2007-2020

Final boot: Sea land use planning under conservation and sustainable development constraints

I wish you a fruitful Conference!