Horizontally Loaded Single Piles
Mehdi Mokhberi
Islamic Azad University
Outline of Presentation
● Introduction
●Horizontal Load Capacity
●Deflection, Moment, and Shear Force
●p-y Curve Methods
●Horizontally Loaded FRP Piles
Load Transfer
P PMV
Verticaland batter Piles
Free-HeadPiles
Short pile
Long pile
Myield
structurestrengthrequired
Soil fails first Pile fails first
V V
Modulus of Elasticity and Moment of Inertia
Forces and Deflections of Long Piles
M
z
Deflectiony
SlopeS
MomentM
ShearV
Soil Reactionp
Principles of Structural Mechanics
Soil Resistance vs. Lateral Deflectionp-y curve
Lateral Deflection,ySoi
lRes
ista
nce
perU
nitl
engt
h,p
Ductile or plastic (soft clayunder static loading or sand)
Brittle (stiff clayor repeated
or dynamic loading)
Lateral Pile Loading Test
Lateral Pile Loading Test
Reed et al
Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts
Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts
Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts
Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts
Horizontal Load and Soil Resistance
Salgado (2006)
Modeling of Soil-Pile System
Salgado (2006)
HH
Horizontal Load Capacity
Design Philosophy for LoadCapacity of Short and Long Piles
For short piles
Load capacity depends on soil strength
For long piles
Load capacity depends on yield moment of piles
Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in ClayFixed-Head Short Pile
Vu
puD
d
Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in ClayFree-Head Short Pile
V
pz
p
u
u
r
D
u
A
Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in ClayFree-Head Partially-Penetrated Short Pile
p
p
zu
u
r
D
Vu
A
e
Fixed Short Piles in Clay
Broms (1964)
D
Fixed Intermediate Piles in Clay
Broms (1964)
Fixed Long Piles in Clay
Broms (1964)
Free Short Piles in Clay
Broms (1964)
Free Long Piles in Clay
Broms (1964)
Horizontal Load Capacity of Piles inClay, Short Piles
Broms (1964)D/d
D
Horizontal Load Capacity of Piles inClay, Long Piles
Broms (1964)
D
Distribution of Soil Resistance inSand
Distribution of soil resistance
z= effectiveoverburden stress
Kp = coefficient of passive earth pressure
Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in SandFree-Head Short Pile
Broms (1964)
Depth toM
M
Vu
e
D
3 dDK Mp
Lateral load capacity
max
f
g
max
max
Free-head Short Piles in Sand
Broms (1964)
Free-head Long Piles in Sand
Broms (1964)
Fixed-head Short Piles in Sand
Broms (1964)
Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in SandFixed-Head Short Pile
D
3 DdKp
Vu
d
Lateral load capacity
Lateral load capacity
Fixed-head Intermediate Piles in Sand
Broms (1964)
Fixed-head Long Piles in Sand
Broms (1964)
Horizontal Load Capacity of Pile in SandShort Piles
Broms (1964)
D
D/d
e/D=0
Broms (1964)
Horizontal Load Capacity of Pile in SandLong Piles
D
Deflection,Moment, andShear Force
Shear Force and MomentIn Deflected Pile-Rigid Pile
Ve
D
ShearV
MMoment
Deflection,Shear Force and Momentin Deflected Pile-Elastic Pile
ShearV
MMomentDeflection
Deflected Shape, Bending Moment, andShear Force
Salgado (2006)
Elastic Solution for Long Piles(Reese and Matlock, 1956)
Theoryof a beam on an elastic foundation
k=nhz
V
M
y
z
Pile deflection at any depth
Moment of pile at any depth
Shear force on pile at any depth
Coefficients for Long Piles(Reese and Matlock,1956)
Characteristic Length and Depth
Characteristic length of the soil-pile system
k= constant of modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction
Nondimensional depth
Constant of Modulus ofHorizontal Subgarde Reaction of Sand
Evan and Duncan’s ChartsFor long pile
Typical Values ε50
(Reese& Wang,1997)
Values of Exponentsm and n(Evans & Duncan,1982)
Shear Load vs.Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Clay
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Shear Load vs.Lateral Deflectionof Fixed-head Piles in Clay
Moment Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Clay
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Free-head Piles in Clay
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Fixed-head Piles in Clay
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Shear Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Sand
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Shear Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Fixed-head Piles in Sand
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Moment Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Sand
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Free-head Piles in Sand
Evans and Duncan (2006)
Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Fixed-head Piles in Sand
Evans and Duncan (2006)