Horizontally Loaded Single Piles

Mehdi Mokhberi

Islamic Azad University

Outline of Presentation

● Introduction

●Horizontal Load Capacity

●Deflection, Moment, and Shear Force

●p-y Curve Methods

●Horizontally Loaded FRP Piles

Introduction

Load Transfer

P PMV

Verticaland batter Piles

Free-HeadPiles

Short pile

Long pile

Myield

structurestrengthrequired

Soil fails first Pile fails first

V V

Fixed-Head Piles

Critical Length

Modulus of Elasticity and Moment of Inertia

Forces and Deflections of Long Piles

M

z

Deflectiony

SlopeS

MomentM

ShearV

Soil Reactionp

Principles of Structural Mechanics

Soil Resistance vs. Lateral Deflectionp-y curve

Lateral Deflection,ySoi

lRes

ista

nce

perU

nitl

engt

h,p

Ductile or plastic (soft clayunder static loading or sand)

Brittle (stiff clayor repeated

or dynamic loading)

Lateral Pile Loading Test

Lateral Pile Loading Test

Reed et al

Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts

Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts

Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts

Lateral Loading Test on Drilled Shafts

Horizontal Load and Soil Resistance

Salgado (2006)

Modeling of Soil-Pile System

Salgado (2006)

HH

Horizontal Load Capacity

Design Philosophy for LoadCapacity of Short and Long Piles

For short piles

Load capacity depends on soil strength

For long piles

Load capacity depends on yield moment of piles

Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in ClayFixed-Head Short Pile

Vu

puD

d

Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in ClayFree-Head Short Pile

V

pz

p

u

u

r

D

u

A

Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in ClayFree-Head Partially-Penetrated Short Pile

p

p

zu

u

r

D

Vu

A

e

Fixed Short Piles in Clay

Broms (1964)

D

Fixed Intermediate Piles in Clay

Broms (1964)

Fixed Long Piles in Clay

Broms (1964)

Free Short Piles in Clay

Broms (1964)

Free Long Piles in Clay

Broms (1964)

Horizontal Load Capacity of Piles inClay, Short Piles

Broms (1964)D/d

D

Horizontal Load Capacity of Piles inClay, Long Piles

Broms (1964)

D

Distribution of Soil Resistance inSand

Distribution of soil resistance

z= effectiveoverburden stress

Kp = coefficient of passive earth pressure

Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in SandFree-Head Short Pile

Broms (1964)

Depth toM

M

Vu

e

D

3 dDK Mp

Lateral load capacity

max

f

g

max

max

Free-head Short Piles in Sand

Broms (1964)

Free-head Long Piles in Sand

Broms (1964)

Fixed-head Short Piles in Sand

Broms (1964)

Lateral Load Capacity of Pile in SandFixed-Head Short Pile

D

3 DdKp

Vu

d

Lateral load capacity

Lateral load capacity

Fixed-head Intermediate Piles in Sand

Broms (1964)

Fixed-head Long Piles in Sand

Broms (1964)

Horizontal Load Capacity of Pile in SandShort Piles

Broms (1964)

D

D/d

e/D=0

Broms (1964)

Horizontal Load Capacity of Pile in SandLong Piles

D

Deflection,Moment, andShear Force

Shear Force and MomentIn Deflected Pile-Rigid Pile

Ve

D

ShearV

MMoment

Deflection,Shear Force and Momentin Deflected Pile-Elastic Pile

ShearV

MMomentDeflection

Deflected Shape, Bending Moment, andShear Force

Salgado (2006)

Elastic Solution for Long Piles(Reese and Matlock, 1956)

Theoryof a beam on an elastic foundation

k=nhz

V

M

y

z

Pile deflection at any depth

Moment of pile at any depth

Shear force on pile at any depth

Coefficients for Long Piles(Reese and Matlock,1956)

Characteristic Length and Depth

Characteristic length of the soil-pile system

k= constant of modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction

Nondimensional depth

Constant of Modulus ofHorizontal Subgarde Reaction of Sand

Evan and Duncan’s ChartsFor long pile

Typical Values ε50

(Reese& Wang,1997)

Values of Exponentsm and n(Evans & Duncan,1982)

Shear Load vs.Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Clay

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Shear Load vs.Lateral Deflectionof Fixed-head Piles in Clay

Moment Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Clay

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Free-head Piles in Clay

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Fixed-head Piles in Clay

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Shear Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Sand

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Shear Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Fixed-head Piles in Sand

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Moment Load vs. Lateral Deflectionof Free-head Piles in Sand

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Free-head Piles in Sand

Evans and Duncan (2006)

Shear Load vs. Maximum Momentof Fixed-head Piles in Sand

Evans and Duncan (2006)