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The Blood
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Objectives:
1. Describe the functions of the blood2. Classify the different types of blood
3. Describe the anatomy of Erythrocytes relative to their function
4. Compare the function of the different leukocytes
5. Explain how and where blood cells are formed
6. Explain the clotting mechanism
7. Name the different blood groups
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FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD
1. Blood transport oxygen from the lungs where it enters the RBC to all
cells of the body. Oxygen is needed by the cell for cellular metabolism2. Blood transport carbon dioxide from the cell where it is produced as a
waste product of cellular metabolism to the lungs to be expelled from
body
3. Blood carries nutrients, ions and water from the digestive tract to all
cells of the body
4. Blood transport waste products from the bodys cell to the sweatgland and kidneys for excretion
5. Blood transport hormones from endocrine glands to target organs of
the body
6. Blood transport enzymes to body cells to regulate chemical processes
and chemical reactions
7. Blood helps regulate body pH through buffers and amino acids that it
carries
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8. Blood plays role in the regulation of normal body temperature because
it contains large amount of water which is an excellent heat absorber
9. Blood helps prevent fluid loss when blood vessels are damagedthrough its clotting mechanism
10. Blood plays a vital role in protecting the body against foreign
microorganism through its special combat-unit cells, leukocytes
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CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD CELLS AND THE
COMPOSITION OF PLASMA
ERYTHROCYTESmake up about 95% of the volume of blood cells
LEUKOCYTESare divided into 2 sub categories:
1. Granular Leukocytehave granules in their cytoplasm
a. Neutrophil
60
70% of WBCb. Eosinophil24% of WBC
c. Basophil0.51% of WBC
2. Agranular Leukocyte
a. Monocytes38% of WBC
b. Lymphocytes2025% of WBC
THROMBOCYTES
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ERYTHROCYTE or RED BLOOD CELLS
- Appear as biconcave disks with edges that are thicker than the center
of the cell, looking somewhat doughnut-shaped.- They do not have nucleus, thus these cells do not divide.
- Lifespan: 120 days
- Cell size; 6 to 8 um in diameter
- Less 6microcytes
- Normalnormocytes
- More than 8Macrocytes
- Variation in size
Anisocytosis- Variation in shape - Poikilocytosis
- NV: 4.5 to 5.5 x 10 12/L
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LEUKOCYTES or WHITE BLOOD CELLS
- They are called White Blood Cells because they lack pigmentation
- Lifespan: 5 to 8 days
- Cell size: 9 to 15 u in diameter
- NV: 5 to 10 x 109/L
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TYPE IMAGE APROX. %
IN HUMAN
DESCRIPTION
NEUTROPHIL 65%
Neutrophils deal with defense againstbacterialinfection and other very small
inflammatory processes and are usually
first responders to bacterial infection;
their activity and death in large numbers
forms pus.
EOSINOPHIL 4%
Eosinophils primarily deal withparasiticinfections and an increase
in them may indicate such.
BASOPHIL
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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates a segmented neutrophil and a lymphocyte.
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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates a monocyte
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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates an eosinophil and a
lymphocyte
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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates a basophil, a segmented neutrophil, and a
lymphocyte.
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1
2 3
4
5 6
78
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Chemical Reactions in Blood Clotting
1. Injured Tissue thromboplastin prothrombin activator
2. Prothrombin thrombin
3. Soluble fibrinogen fibrin threads
Ca Ca
Prothrombin activator + Ca
thrombin
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ABO_blood_type.svg8/11/2019 Histo - Blood
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RBC Compatibility chart
In addition to donating to the same blood group; type O blood donors can
give to A, B and AB; blood donors of types A and B can give to AB.
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Recipient Donor
O- O+ A- A+ B- B+ AB- AB+
O-
O+
A-
A+
B-
B+
AB-
AB+
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Yes_check.svg8/11/2019 Histo - Blood
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Genetic Inheritance Patterns
Parent Alleles A B O
A
AA
(A)
AB
(AB)
AO
(A)
BAB
(AB)
BB
(B)
BO
(B)
OAO
(A)
BO
(B)
OO
(O)
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Save life.
Donate Blood!!!