Histo - Blood

8/11/2019 Histo - Blood

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The Blood


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Objectives:

1. Describe the functions of the blood2. Classify the different types of blood

3. Describe the anatomy of Erythrocytes relative to their function

4. Compare the function of the different leukocytes

5. Explain how and where blood cells are formed

6. Explain the clotting mechanism

7. Name the different blood groups


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FUNCTIONS OF THE BLOOD

1. Blood transport oxygen from the lungs where it enters the RBC to all

cells of the body. Oxygen is needed by the cell for cellular metabolism2. Blood transport carbon dioxide from the cell where it is produced as a

waste product of cellular metabolism to the lungs to be expelled from

body

3. Blood carries nutrients, ions and water from the digestive tract to all

cells of the body

4. Blood transport waste products from the bodys cell to the sweatgland and kidneys for excretion

5. Blood transport hormones from endocrine glands to target organs of

the body

6. Blood transport enzymes to body cells to regulate chemical processes

and chemical reactions

7. Blood helps regulate body pH through buffers and amino acids that it

carries


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8. Blood plays role in the regulation of normal body temperature because

it contains large amount of water which is an excellent heat absorber

9. Blood helps prevent fluid loss when blood vessels are damagedthrough its clotting mechanism

10. Blood plays a vital role in protecting the body against foreign

microorganism through its special combat-unit cells, leukocytes


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CLASSIFICATION OF BLOOD CELLS AND THE

COMPOSITION OF PLASMA

ERYTHROCYTESmake up about 95% of the volume of blood cells

LEUKOCYTESare divided into 2 sub categories:

1. Granular Leukocytehave granules in their cytoplasm

a. Neutrophil

60

70% of WBCb. Eosinophil24% of WBC

c. Basophil0.51% of WBC

2. Agranular Leukocyte

a. Monocytes38% of WBC

b. Lymphocytes2025% of WBC

THROMBOCYTES


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ERYTHROCYTE or RED BLOOD CELLS

- Appear as biconcave disks with edges that are thicker than the center

of the cell, looking somewhat doughnut-shaped.- They do not have nucleus, thus these cells do not divide.

- Lifespan: 120 days

- Cell size; 6 to 8 um in diameter

- Less 6microcytes

- Normalnormocytes

- More than 8Macrocytes

- Variation in size

Anisocytosis- Variation in shape - Poikilocytosis

- NV: 4.5 to 5.5 x 10 12/L


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LEUKOCYTES or WHITE BLOOD CELLS

- They are called White Blood Cells because they lack pigmentation

- Lifespan: 5 to 8 days

- Cell size: 9 to 15 u in diameter

- NV: 5 to 10 x 109/L


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TYPE IMAGE APROX. %

IN HUMAN

DESCRIPTION

NEUTROPHIL 65%

Neutrophils deal with defense againstbacterialinfection and other very small

inflammatory processes and are usually

first responders to bacterial infection;

their activity and death in large numbers

forms pus.

EOSINOPHIL 4%

Eosinophils primarily deal withparasiticinfections and an increase

in them may indicate such.

BASOPHIL


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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates a segmented neutrophil and a lymphocyte.


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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates a monocyte


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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates an eosinophil and a

lymphocyte


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This normal peripheral smear demonstrates a basophil, a segmented neutrophil, and a

lymphocyte.


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1

2 3

4

5 6

78


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Chemical Reactions in Blood Clotting

1. Injured Tissue thromboplastin prothrombin activator

2. Prothrombin thrombin

3. Soluble fibrinogen fibrin threads

Ca Ca

Prothrombin activator + Ca

thrombin


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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:ABO_blood_type.svg


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RBC Compatibility chart

In addition to donating to the same blood group; type O blood donors can

give to A, B and AB; blood donors of types A and B can give to AB.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Blood_Compatibility.svg


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Recipient Donor

O- O+ A- A+ B- B+ AB- AB+

O-

O+

A-

A+

B-

B+

AB-

AB+
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Genetic Inheritance Patterns

Parent Alleles A B O

A

AA

(A)

AB

(AB)

AO

(A)

BAB

(AB)

BB

(B)

BO

(B)

OAO

(A)

BO

(B)

OO

(O)


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Histo - Blood