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GEORGE I
When Anne died withoutleaving an heir ,Parliament chose as kingGeorge I (1714-27), rulerof the German state of Hanover and a Protestantdescendant of James I.
During World War I thefamily name was changedfrom Hanover to Windsor.
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For over two hundred years the descendants of George I have
ruled England without further civil wars
Although William and Mary had surrendered to Parliament the
right to make laws, they were still the executive heads of the
state. George I , however, allowed Parliament to take over
the executive power as well.
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The idea of special advisors to the king was not new. As early
as the 1500s the kings of England began to turn for advice to
a Privy Council, an outgrowth of the Great Council.
Under George I, the Cabinet became the very heart of the
British government. Members of the Cabinet were (and still
are) the heads of various departments of government, such
as Foreign Affairs, Exchequer (treasury), War, Admiralty, and
Home Affairs.
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But George I did not even bother to attend Cabinet meetings.As a German prince who was used to having completecontrol ove r Hanover, he could not understand the relations
between Parliament and an English king.
Besides, he could not understood a word because he spoke noEnglish.
He therefore allowed one member, who became known as thePrime Minister, to speak for the entire Cabinet. The first tohold the title was Robert Walpole --- for 21 years.
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 1750-
1850
Changes came about sorapidly approximately 1750 to
1850 , this period in Englishhistory is known as theIndustrial Revolution. Itmarks two importantchanges: 1)from making goodsby hand to making them by machine ; and 2) from working in the home to working in a factory away from home.
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Q UEEN VICTORIA
1837-1901
During the long reign of
Q ueen Victoria conditions
improved steadily.
The reforms of Parliament
during the Victorian Age
helped the workers to share
in the nations new wealth
and to gain a voice in its
affairs.
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SOME OF THE REFORMS PASSED DURING Q UEEN
VICTORIAS RULE
Reform Bill of 1832- under this act Parliament cautiously extended
the privilege of voting to include factory owners, merchants, and
professional men.
Factory Act of 1833- outlawed the employment in textile factories
of children under nine years of age, and the Ten Hours Act, which
limited the work day of women and children to ten hours.
Reform Bill of 1867- sponsored by Benjamin Disraeli, the brilliant
Jewish leader of the Conservative Party, finally gave factory
workers the right to vote.
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EDWARD VII1901-1910
The prestige and prosperity
of Victorian England
continued under the reign
of Victorias son . But
serious political and
economic difficultiesfollowed World War I.
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GEORGE V 1910-36 The last years of the reign of George V
were marked by serious unemployment and a world-widedepression
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EDWARD VIII
George s son , Edward
VIII, became king in 1936
but abdicated elevenmonths later in order to
marry a woman whom
Parliament would not
accept as queen. He
became the Duke of
Windsor , and his brother
was crowned George VI
(1936-52)