Functional Filter Plug Wrap Paper for the Control of the Thermal Energy of the Aerosol from Heated Tobacco ProductsM. Lindner1) and N. Leichsenring2)
1) TANNPAPIER GmbH Austria2) Hauni Maschinenbau GmbH Germany
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INTRODUCTION Heated tobacco products (HTPs): Aerosol formed by
evaporation and distillation with an electronic heating device (“Heat-not-Burn” products / “heat sticks”) Factory made cigarettes (FMCs): Traditionally
combustible filter cigarettes From an outer perspective, HTPs look like FMCs HTPs require filter wrapping materials:
− Thin and flexible sheets made of paper or alternative web substrates
− For a reliable product quality and specific technicalproperties
− Filter wrapping materials = Tipping Paper + filterplug wrap paper
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FEATURES OF FILTER PLUG WRAP PAPER Low-substance paper fully enclosing the filter material
(e. g. cellulose acetate)
Provides the required roundness of the filter rod and the optimal shape of the filter plug
Available in non-porous form for online-laser perforated FMCs / HTPs or
with various permeability levels through natural pores for the combination with pre-perforated Tipping Paper
Located underneath the Tipping Paper = no direct access to the human lips and fingers
Interaction with the aerosol inside the filter?
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FUNCTIONAL INTERACTION WITH THE CONSUMER:TEMPERATURE REDUCTIONDevelopment of functional filter plug wrap paper = printed active substance with the purpose to lower the thermal energy of the HTPsmoke
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TEMPERATURE REDUCTION OF THE HTPAEROSOL – WHY?Commercially available HTPs heat the tobacco
rod up to 300°C – 400°C for nicotine release
HTPs are relatively short compared with FMCs:
−Low cooling rate of the smoke within the heat stick
−Uncomfortable perception during the puffing process
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TEMPERATURE REDUCTION OF THE HTPAEROSOL – HOW?Hollow paper tubes as part of the complex filter
construction (including cellulose acetate segments) of HTPs
High-grammage plug wrap paper (100 g / m²) coated with poly lactic acid (PLA)
Temperature measurement of the emitted aerosol
Correlation between the measured thermal absorption and calculations related to the heat capacity of polymers
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WHAT IS PLA?Biodegradable thermoplastic aliphatic
polyester from fermented plant starch
High-consumption volume bio-plastic
From amorphous glassy to semi-crystalline and highly crystalline polymers
Glass transition temperature: 60 – 65°C
Melting temperature: 180 – 220°C
Good heat absorptivity
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SAMPLE PREPARATION & TEST METHODPLA coated plug wrap paper machine-rolled
into tubes on a Hauni KDF 5RT
Insertion of 18 mm tube fragments into the HTP filter construction in alignment with cellulose acetate segments
Manufacturing of the heat sticks on a HauniPROTOS-M5
Measurement principle: −Temperature sensors introduced into the hollow
filter part
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EMBOSSED FILTER PLUG WRAP PAPERBasic principle: Web material is guided
between surface textured rollers embossing height = 15 µm – 50 µm depending on the base material
Embossing process: Related to physical principles = no chemical treatment of the paper substrate
Relief structure on the plug wrap paper increase of the effective area of the PLA coated surface = stronger contribution to the temperature reduction?
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THERMAL ABSORPTIONBased on the temperatures of HTPs, heat absorption processes are
mainly limited to regimes around and above the melting point of PLA
Heat capacity: 𝐶 = lim∆ → ∆∆ [𝐶] = J / K
∆𝑄 is the amount of heat energy that has to be transferred to or from an object in order to change its temperature ∆𝑇 by one unitHeat (energy) transfer: ∆𝑄 = 𝐶 · ∆𝑇 = 𝑐 · 𝑚 · ∆𝑇 𝑐 … specific heat capacity
(literature value = 2.1 J/gK)
Dulong-Petit law: = 3𝑅, = 3𝑘 𝑅… universal gas constant𝑘 … Boltzmann constant
Thermal absorption: ∆𝑸 = 𝟑𝒏𝑹 · ∆𝑻 = 𝟑𝑵𝒌𝑩 · ∆𝑻24.09.2019 © TANNPAPIER GmbH: HTP Plug Wrap Paper 10
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THERMAL ABSORPTIONEnthalpy of fusion (latent heat, “melting energy“): Change of the
enthalpy of a substance with the mass m during the full phasetransition from the solid to the liquid state upon heating
∆𝑄 = 𝐿 · 𝑚 𝐿 … specific melting heat (literature value = 115 J/g)
During the process of melting, the provided energy is absorbed without temperature change
Combination of all heat transfer equations to consider a substance that is being heated up from room temperature to a temperature above the melting point
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EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSSchematic puff sequence
for the temperatureanalysis
ISO shape puff profile, 35 cm³ puff volume, 2 sec. puff duration, 18 sec. between two puffs, in total 14 puffs within 300 sec., vents blocked
Average temperature level used for theoretical evaluations
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EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSOnly one HTP format investigated (short KS)
Only relative figures / percentage values shown to be“brand neutral“
I. Heat reduction inside the hollow filter section between the tobacco rod and acetate segment: Approx. 22% compared with uncoated plug wrap paper (last year approx. 30% with 25 mm PLA tube segments)
II. Heat reduction at the mouthend of the heat sticks: Approx. 22% no further impact from the last acetate part on the filter
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CALCULATION RESULTS 3 relevant regimes for the heat transfer from the aerosol to the PLA varnish:
1. Room temperature to melting point: ∆𝑄 = 𝑐 · 𝑚 · 𝑇 − 𝑇 = 𝟎, 𝟔𝟓 𝑱2. Melting process (enthalpy of fusion): ∆𝑄 = 𝐿 · 𝑚 = 𝟎, 𝟐𝟏 𝑱3. Melting point to HTP working temperature: ∆𝑄 = 3𝑁𝑘 · 𝑇 − 𝑇 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟕 𝑱 Totally absorbed thermal energy: ∆𝑄 = ∆𝑄 + ∆𝑄 + ∆𝑄 = 0,93 𝐽 ≈ 𝟏 𝑱 Cross-check: Calculation of the temperature decrease of the aerosol collected
from 14 puffs
Result: Based on the measured aerosol temperature of the reference heat stick samples, 1 J energy transfer corresponds to approx. 19% heat reduction
Thoughts on heat capacity and phase transition effects confirmed to be a reasonable approach to explain thermal absorption by PLA
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EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSPLA coated plug wrap paper: Embossing versus
non-embossing
I. Inside the hollow filter section: Approx. 5%temperature increase of the embossed compared with the non-embossed plug wrap paper
II. At the mouthend: Approx. 4% temperature decrease of the embossed compared with the non-embossed plug wrap paper
Inconsistent results / unclear reason neglectableimpact from the embossing (no increase of the applied PLA amount)
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SUMMARY
Functional filter plug wrap paper to improve the sensory interaction with the consumer: Reduction of the aerosol temperature of HTPs Realized with PLA coated plug wrap paper Measured thermal absorption confirmed with
calculations from thermodynamics No significant contribution to the heat reduction
from embossed plug wrap paper
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR VALUABLE QUESTIONS & FEEDBACK!
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