French Revolution
Terms
• Versailles • Estates General • First, Second, and Third
Estate • National Assembly • Louis XVI • French Revolution • Maximilian Robespierre • Tennis Court Oath • Declaration of the Rights
of Man
• Jacobins • Sans Coullettes • Committee of Public
Safety • The Moderate Phase • The Radical Phase • The Reign of Terror • The Bastille • The Great Fear
Terms contd
• The Reign of Terror
• “Thermidorian Reaction”
• The Directory
• Battle of the Nile (1798)
• Admiral Horatio Nelson
• Saint Dominigue/Haiti
• Toussaint L’Overture
• Haitian Revolution
• Napoleon Bonaparte
The state of France in 1780s
• What is a revolution?
• The causes of most revolutions?
– Discontent over taxes coupled with radical ideas for reorganization of government
French Revolution: The Moderate Phase
• Summer 1788: Parlement of Paris is exiled
• 1788-1789: collection of cahiers
• May 4th, 1789: Estates General meets at Versailles
• June 17th, 1789: creation of the National Assembly
• June 20th, 1789: Oath of the Tennis Court
• June 27th, 1789: All three estates meet as the National Assembly
French Revolution: The Moderate Phase
• July 14th, 1789: Storming of the Bastille
• July- August, 1789: the Great Fear
• Night of August 4th, 1789: end of aristocratic privileges
• August 26th, 1789: Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen
• October 5th, 1789: march on Versailles (October Days)
• Civil Constitution of the Clergy and assignats issued by the National Assembly
• 1791: Constitution issued, flight of the royal family to Varennes
The Bastille
The Bastille – Today a roundabout
French Revolution: The Radical Phase
• 1791: Royal family tries to flee and captured at Varennes (now officially branded traitors)
• April 1792: War with Austria and Prussia declared
• Summer 1792: Paris radicalizing under the influence of Jacobins and sans-culottes
• September 22, 1792: Declaration of the Republic
The Guillotine
• Invented well before 1793, seen as humane
• Called Guillotine after Dr. Guillotin
• Robespierre wielded most power on the Committee of Public Safety
• 100,000+ deaths
• Used until 1970s
French Revolution: The Radical Phase
• January 21, 1793: Louis XVI executed via guillotine (Marie Antoinette executed in October, 1793)
• Spring 1793: leveé en masse • Spring 1793: start of unrest in the Vendeé, creation of the
Royal and Catholic Armies • April 1793: Creation of the Committee of Public Safety, led
by Robespierre • June 1793: Girondins arrested • July 1793: Charlotte Corday assassinates Jean-Paul Marat • September 1793: Robespierre officially launches The Terror • June 1794: Robespierre leads festival for the Cult of the
Supreme Being
https://silverandexact.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/liberty-leading-the-people-eugc3a8ne-delacroix-1830.jpg
http://www.visionsoftravel.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Museum+of+Mobile+_39_.jpg
Fall of Robespierre and the Conservative Reaction
• June, 1794: Robespierre hosts the Festival of the Supreme Being
• Terror death toll: 40,000 executed, 300,000 arrested
• July 27th, 1794/ 9th of Thermidor year II: Robespierre arrested (Known as the Thermidorian Reaction)
• 1795 Directory is created
Saint-Dominigue/ Haiti
• 1791: Slaves in Saint-Dominigue revolt
• 1793: France offered Freedom to any slave who joined the French army
• 1798-1801: Under L’Overture, Saint-Dominigue rids themselves of most foreign troops
• 1802: Napoleon’s troops invade, but soon loses most men to yellow fever
• 1804: Saint-Dominigue is renamed Haiti and is officially independent
End of Revolution and Napoleon Bonaparte
• 1796: Commander of the French Army in Italy at age 27
• 1798: defeated in Egypt by Admiral Horatio Nelson in Battle of the Nile
• 1799: Returns to France and stages a coup
• Creates the Consulate, with himself as first consul
• 1801: Concordat with the Pope
Statue of Nelson in Trafalgar Square