7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
1/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
2/200
OBJECTIVE
TO IMPART TO THE STUDENTS
THE MILITARY KNOWLEDGE
OF WHAT IS FIRST AID
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
3/200
SCOPE
INTRODUCTION
GENERALLIFE SAVING MEASURES
KIND OF WOUNDS AND FRACTURES
THAT CAUSE FROM INJURIESBANDAGING
SPLINTING
TOURNIQUETDo's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AID
WAYS OF TRANSPORTING WOUNDED
PERSON
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
4/200
INTRODUCTIONIf a casualty is loosing blood from a
wound, you must take measures to control
the bleeding. A field dressing can be
applied to any wound which is bleedingheavily. If the wound is on an arm or leg, a
pressure dressing can also be applied. If
the bleeding still doesn't stop, a tourniquetcan be placed around an upper arm or
thigh, then tightened to stop the flow of
blood below the band.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
5/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
6/200
GENERAL
First aid is the care and treatment you
give a casualty before medical personnelarrive.
Personal hygiene is the steps you take to
protect your own health and that of others. Yourpersonal-hygiene and first-aid skills could saveyour life or the life of a buddy.
By knowing what to do, and by getting medicalhelp quickly, you may be able to save lives,prevent permanent disabilities, and prevent
long periods of hospitalization.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
7/200
GENERAL: cont.
The field first-aid packet issued to you
should be carried at all times for personaluse. It contains one or two field first-aid
dressings. Use the first-aid dressings on
wounds. When giving first aid to acasualty, you should use the casualty's
first-aid items. You may need your own
items later if you become injured.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
8/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
9/200
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
10/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
11/200
LIFESAVINGMEASURES
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
12/200
LIFESAVING MEASURES
When you or your buddy is wounded,
first aid must be given at once. Thefirst step is to apply (as needed) the
four life-saving measures. These
measures are:
Clear the airway; check and restore
breathing and heartbeat.
Stop the bleeding.
Prevent shock.
Dress and bandage the wound.
C C C
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
13/200
CLEAR THE AIRWAY; CHECK AND
RESTORE BREATHING AND HEARTBEATClear the Airway. The lack of oxygen intake through
breathing and lack of heartbeat leads to death in avery few minutes.
When treating a casualty, first find out if he isbreathing. If he is not breathing:
Place him on his back and kneel beside his head.Clear his airway by removing any obstruction in hismouth.
Place your hand (the hand nearest his feet) under his
neck and put your other hand on his forehead. Extendhis neck by lifting with the hand under the neck andpushing down on the forehead. This also lifts thetongue away from the back of the throat, opening theairway.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
14/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
15/200
CLEAR THE AIRWAY; CHECK AND
RESTORE BREATHING AND HEARTBEAT
cont.
Check for B reath ing. After opening the airway,
LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL to find out if the
casualty is breathing.The following procedures should be used:
Put your ear near the casualty's mouth and
nose: hold this position for about 5 seconds.LOOK to see if the casualty's chest is rising and
falling.
LISTEN and FEEL for breathing.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
16/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
17/200
Resto re Breathing .IF THERE ARE NOSIGNS OF BREATHING, START MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION AT ONCE.Thefollowing procedures should be used:
Put a hand under the casualty's neck to keepthe head tilted far back.
Press down on his forehead with the otherhand.
Move this hand and pinch his nostrils betweenyour thumb and index finger.
Open his mouth wide.
RESTORE BREATHING
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
18/200
RESTORE BREATHING
Take a deep breath and place your mouth over
his, making an airtight seal with your lips.
Blow into his mouth.
Give four or five quick but full breaths to make
sure his lungs are full.
Remove your mouth, turn your head, and
LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL for exhaled air.
Repeat this procedure once every 5 seconds
until the casualty exhales.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
19/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
20/200
RESTORE BREATHING cont.
If you feel strong resistance when you first
blow air into the casualty's mouth, quicklyreposition his head and try again. If the airway
is still not clear, roll him onto his side. Hit him
sharply between his shoulder blades with theheel of your hand to dislodge any foreign
objects. If the casualty's abdomen bulges (air
going into stomach), apply gentle pressure onhis abdomen with one hand to force the air out.
If this makes the casualty vomit, quickly turn
him onto his side, clean out his mouth, and
continue giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
21/200
Check for Heartbeat.Check for Heartbeat. When you find an
unconscious casualty, check to see if he has aheartbeat and if he is breathing.
To check for heartbeat, use the followingprocedures:
Tilt the casualty's head back.
Place your fingers on his throat.
Feel for the Adam's apple.
Slide the fingers down from the Adam's apple tothe side of the throat. This will place thefingertips over an artery, where the pulse can
be felt.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
22/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
23/200
Restore Heartbeat.
Resto re Heartbeat. You must start
external heart massage quickly, aspermanent damage to the brain may occurif it is deprived of oxygenated blood.
External heart massage provides artificialcirculation by squeezing the heart between thebreastbone and the backbone, forcing bloodthrough the lungs, brain, and body.
Examples of times without oxygen andlikelihood of brain damage are listedbelow:
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
24/200
To perform mouth to mouth
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
25/200
To perform mouth-to-mouthresuscitation and external heart
massage at the same time:Kneel at the casualty's side.
Blow four quick but full breaths into the casualty (as
described earlier) to fill the lungs with air (his head
must be tilted back and his airway open). Locate thetip of the breastbone and measure two finger-widths
up from that tip.
Place the heel of the other hand along side the
fingers. Then, put both hands together and interlace
the fingers. Push downward on the chest 15 times at a
rate of 80 counts per minute.
Lean forward with the elbows locked.
T f th t th
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
26/200
To perform mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation and external heart
massage at the same time:That will compress the casualty's chest about11/2 to 2 inches. Then release the pressure onthe chest.
After each 15 compressions, shift positionsslightly and give him 2 quick, but full, breaths.
Continue this 15 to 2 ratio:
Until the casualty can breathe by himself andhis pulse returns.
Until relieved by someone.
Until the casualty is dead.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
27/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
28/200
To perform mouth to mouth
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
29/200
To perform mouth-to-mouth
resuscitation and external heart
massage at the same time: cont.
If two of you are present, one should give
mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and the other
should give heart massage. In that case, the
procedure is slightly different. The soldier giving
the heart massage should change the number
of compressions from 15 at a time to 5, keeping
the 80-per-minute rate. The soldier givingmouth-to-mouth resuscitation, should give 2
breaths after each 5 compressions.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
30/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
31/200
STOP THE BLEEDING
If the casualty is breathing and his
heart is beating, the next thing to do is
to stop the bleeding of the wound.
Before you stop the bleeding, youmust find all wounds. Look for both
entry and exit points. This is to see
that nothing is overlooked, as a bulletusually makes a smaller wound where
it enters than where it exits.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
32/200
STOP THE BLEEDING t
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
33/200
STOP THE BLEEDING cont.
After finding all wounds, stop the bleeding
by using the following procedure:Without touching or trying to clean the wound
cut and lift the clothing away from the wound to
expose it.Do not touch the wound or try to remove
objects from it.
Put a field first-aid dressing on the wound,trying not to contaminate the dressing or the
wound.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
34/200
STOP THE BLEEDING cont.
To put on the dressing:
Remove the dressing from its plasticenvelope and twist it to break the paperwrapper.
Grasp the folded dressing with both hands(do not touch the side of the dressing that goeson the wound).
Place the dressing on the wound without
letting it touch anything else.Wrap the dressing around the wound and tie
the ends securely with a square knot. Ifpossible, tie the knot directly over the wound.
STOP THE BLEEDING t
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
35/200
STOP THE BLEEDING cont.To put on the dressing: cont.
If the bleeding continues after the dressing issecured on the wound, press the bandage for 5 to 10
minutes.
If more pressure is needed to stop the bleeding,
put a thick pad or stone on top of the dressing and tiethe ends of the dressing over the pad or stone. This is
called a pressure dressing.
If the wound is in an arm or leg and the bleedinghas not stopped, raise the injured limb above the level
of the heart. This helps to slow down or stop the
bleeding. Do not, however, raise a limb with a broken
bone unless it is properly splinted.
STOP THE BLEEDING cont
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
36/200
STOP THE BLEEDING cont.
To put on the dressing: cont.
If blood is spurting from the wound, there isbleeding from an artery. To stop it, press on the point
of the body where the main artery supplying the
wounded area with blood is located This pressure
should shut off or slow down the flow of blood from theheart to the wound until a pressure dressing can be
put on it. In some cases, you may have to keep
pressure on the pressure paint even after the drawing
is put on. The best pressure points of the body to usein stopping arterial bleeding are shown in the following
illustration.
STOP THE BLEEDING t
http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/21-75/Ch8.htmhttp://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/policy/army/fm/21-75/Ch8.htm7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
37/200
STOP THE BLEEDING cont.To put on the dressing: cont.
If the wound continues to bleed after youapply pressure to a pressure point and apply a
pressure dressing, use a tourniquet. This
should be a LAST RESORT ONLY. Put thetourniquet between the wound and where the
injured limb joins the trunk. Put it 2 to 4 inches
above the wound, not over it. Never loosen or
remove a tourniquet once it has been put on. If
possible, mark a "T" on the casualty's fore head
at the time the tourniquet is put on. Then get
the casualty to an aid station quickly.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
38/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
39/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
40/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
41/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
42/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
43/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
44/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
45/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
46/200
PREVENT SHOCK
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
47/200
PREVENT SHOCKUnless shock is prevented or treated, deathmay result, even though the injury would nototherwise be fatal.
Shock may result from any injury, but is morelikely to result from a severe injury. Warning
signs of shock are restlessness, thirst, paleskin, and rapid heartbeat. A casualty in shockmay be excited or appear calm and tired. Hemay be sweating when his skin feels cool and
clammy. As his condition worsens, he may takesmall, fast breaths or gasps; stare blindly intospace or become blotchy or bluish around his
mouth.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
48/200
PREVENT SHOCK cont
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
49/200
PREVENT SHOCK cont.Place the casualty in a comfortable position. His
position depends on his condition. If he is conscious,
place him on his back with his feet raised 15 to 20 cm(6 to 8 in). If he is unconscious, place him on his side
or abdomen with his head turned to the side. If he has
a head wound, raise his head higher than his body. If
he has a wound of the face and/or neck, set him up
and lean him forward with his head down or in the
position for an unconscious casualty. If he has a
sucking chest wound, set him up or lay him down onthe injured side. If he has an abdominal wound, lay
him on his back with his head turned to the side.
Keep the casualty warm. It may be necessary to place
ponchos or blankets under and over him.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
50/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
51/200
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
52/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
53/200
KIND OF WOUNDS AND
FRACTURESTHAT CAUSE FROM
INJURIES
Open Wounds
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
54/200
Open Wounds
Closed Wounds
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
55/200
Closed Wounds
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
56/200
Trauma
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
57/200
Trauma
Compound Fracture of the Ankle
Fractures
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
58/200
Fractures
Any break in the
continuity of a bone
May vary from a
simple crack to acompletely shattered
bone
FX Femur
Open Fracture
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
59/200
Open Fracture
Compound Fracture of the Ulna
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
60/200
Ecchymosis
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
61/200
Ecchymosis
Discoloration caused
by bleeding in tissue
Blood migrates
toward skin and
changes color with
time
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
62/200
Dislocations
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
63/200
Dislocations
Disruption of a joint such that the bone
ends are no longer in contactTorn ligaments and capsule
Common Dislocations
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
64/200
Common Dislocations
Fingers
ShoulderHip
Elbow
Ankle
Dislocated Elbow
Knee Joint
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
65/200
Knee JointFemur, Tibia, and Patella
Largest hinge joint in bodyHeld together by complex ligaments
Susceptible to injury
Knee Injuries
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
66/200
Knee Injuries
Ligaments and cartilage injuries are
commonSwelling, pain, limited ROM
Frequent athletic injury
Splint entire femur and tibia
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
67/200
Dislocation of the Knee
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
68/200
Dislocation of the Knee
Ankle Injuries
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
69/200
j
Usually result from
twisting, indirect force
Fracture, dislocations,
sprains can occur
Swelling and deformityNote circulation
Immobilize with padding
and splint
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
70/200
Management of Closed Injuries
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
71/200
Management of Closed Injuries
R - Rest
I - Ice
C - CompressionE - Elevation
S - Splint (SAM Splints and cravats or
ACE wraps)
R/O fracture
Soft Tissue Injuries
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
72/200
jOpen - Violation of
overlying skin ormucous membrane
Management
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
73/200
Management
Stop the bleeding and bandage
Q ti
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
74/200
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
75/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
76/200
BANDAGING
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
77/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
78/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
79/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
80/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
81/200
APPLY AND SECURE FIELD DRESSING
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
82/200
Hold the field dressing above the
exposed wound with the white side ofthe dressing material toward the
wound.
Pull on the tails so the dressing opens
and flattens.
Do not touch the white sterile side ofthe dressing.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
83/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
84/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
85/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
86/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
87/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
88/200
APPLY AND SECURE FIELDSS G
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
89/200
DRESSINGCheck the circulation below the bandage.
If the area below the bandage previously had
adequate blood circulation but is now cool to
the touch, bluish, or numb or if a pulse can
not be detected below the bandage, the
bandage may be interfering with blood
circulation. Loosen and retie the tails without
disturbing the dressing. Recheck the circulation. If circulation is not
restored, evacuate the casualty.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
90/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
91/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
92/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
93/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
94/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
95/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
96/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
97/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
98/200
APPLY A PRESSURE DRESSING
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
99/200
Tie the ends of the cravat in a nonslip
knot directly over the wound. Youshould be able to insert the tip of one
finger under the knot.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
100/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
101/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
102/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
103/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
104/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
105/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
106/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
107/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
108/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
109/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
110/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
111/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
112/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
113/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
114/200
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
115/200
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
116/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
117/200
TOURNIQUET
DETERMINE WHEN A TOURNIQUET ISNEEDED
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
118/200
Needed for a complete amputation of the upper arm,
forearm, thigh, or lower leg (limb has been completely
severed).
Apply tourniquet to amputated limb without applying
field and pressure dressings.
Apply even if stump is not bleeding heavily.
Do not apply for amputation of a part of a hand or
part of a foot. Bleeding from these wounds can be
controlled by a pressure dressing.Needed if the bleeding from a limb is severe and
cannot be stopped by the application of a field
dressing, manual pressure, elevation, and pressure
dressing
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
119/200
GATHER MATERIALS FOR MAKING ATOURNIQUET
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
120/200
Securing Materials (if needed)
Additional cravat or securing material may
be needed to secure the rigid object if the
tourniquet band is not long enough.
Padding
Soft, smooth material to place between
the limb and the tourniquet band. Thecasualty's shirt sleeve or trouser leg can
be used.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
121/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
122/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
123/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
124/200
APPLY A TOURNIQUET
Twist the rigid object (clockwise or
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
125/200
Twist the rigid object (clockwise or
counterclockwise) until the tourniquet is
tight and the bright red bleeding has
stopped.
Generally, darker blood is from a veinand may continue to ooze even after the
tourniquet has been properly applied.
There should be no pulse below thetourniquet.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
126/200
APPLY A TOURNIQUET
Wrap the tails of the tourniquet band
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
127/200
Wrap the tails of the tourniquet band
around the end of the rigid object so the
rigid object will not untwist, bring the tails
under the limb, and tie the tails in a
nonslip knot.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
128/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
129/200
APPLY A TOURNIQUET
If the rigid object cannot be secured with the tails of
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
130/200
g j
the tourniquet band, wrap a piece of material
around the limb below the tourniquet, wrap thematerial around one end of the rigid object so the
tourniquet will not unwind, and tie the tails of the
material in a nonslip knot.
Do not loosen the tourniquet once it is in place
and has stopped the blood flow. Loosening the
tourniquet band would allow the wound to start
bleeding again, which could be fatal.Do not cover the tourniquet. Leave it in full view
so it can be located quickly by medical
ersonnel
DRESS AN AMPUTATION
If the tourniquet is applied to an
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
131/200
If the tourniquet is applied to an
amputation, protect the amputationsite (wound) from further
contamination.
Place a dressing made of soft,absorbent material over the end of the
stump and secure the dressing withbandages.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
132/200
PUT ON A FIELD DRESSING,PRESSURE DRESSING, AND TOURNIQUET
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
133/200
CLOSING
Failure to control bleeding in the field is themajor cause of death among casualties who
could be saved. It is vital that all soldiers
learn the procedures for controllingbleeding presented in this lesson.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
134/200
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
135/200
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
136/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
137/200
Do's AND Don'ts OF
FIRST AID
Do's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AIDWhen giving first aid to a casualty,
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
138/200
g g y,
remember the following:
DO act promptly but calmly.
DO reassure the casualty and gently examine
him to determine the needed first aid.
DO give lifesaving measures as required.
DON'T position a soldier on his back if he is
unconscious or has a wound on his face or
neck.
DON'T remove clothing from an injured soldier
by pulling or tearing it off.
DOs AND DON'Ts OF FIRST AIDcont.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
139/200
When giving first aid to a casualty, remember the
following: cont.DON'T touch or try to clean dirty wounds, includingburns.
DON'T remove dressings and bandages once they
have been put on a wound.DON'T loosen a tourniquet once it has been applied.
DON'T move a casualty who has a fracture until it hasbeen properly splinted, unless it is absolutelynecessary.
DON'T give fluids by mouth to a casualty who isunconscious, nauseated, or vomiting, or who has anabdominal or neck wound.
Do's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AID cont.
When giving first aid to a casualty remember
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
140/200
When giving first aid to a casualty, remember
the following: cont.
DON'T permit the head of a casualty with a
head injury to be lower than his body.
DON'T try to push protruding intestines or braintissue back into a wound.
DON'T put any medication on a burn.
DON'T administer first-aid measures which areunnecessary or beyond your ability.
DON'T fail to replace items used from the first-
aid case
Questions
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
141/200
Q
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
142/200
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
143/200
WAYS OFTRANSPORTING
WOUNDED PERSON
Transportation of CasualtiesWhen the situation is urgent you may have to
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
144/200
g y y
transport the casualty. For this reason, you must
know how to transport him without increasing theseriousness of his condition.
Transporting a casualty by litter is safer and more
comfortable for him than by manual means; it is
also easier for you.
Manual transportation, however, may be the only
feasible method because of the terrain or the
combat situation.Transportation of the sick and wounded is the responsibility of medical
personnel who have been provided special training and equipment.
Therefore, unless a good reason for you to transport a casualty arises,
wait for some means of medical evacuation to be provided.
Standard Evacuation Types
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
145/200
UH-60A/Q Ambulance
*An M113 series Armored
Ambulance can carry 4
litters
UH-60Q Interior
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
146/200
Non-Standard
Evacuation Types
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
147/200
Non-Standard Evacuation Types cont.Non Standard Assets- Always plan for non-standard evacuationassets. There should already be a plan in place for casualty
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
148/200
y p p yincidents at Camp Roberts and the surrounding camps,however, it is the duty of each leader to be highly familiar withthose plans and ensure that they are adequate for his particularmission.
(FYI)The leader should emphasize that non-standardevacuation means should be planned for (especially forMASCALs) and rehearsed, if possible. This will decrease thenumber of DOW casualties. SOPs for casualty marking shouldbe common and known to all, even supporting units providingthe non-standard evacuation means (for example, red chemlight during hours of limited visibility, VS-17 panel for day timeoperations). These techniques need to be rehearsed and
provided to both internal and external units supporting thebattalion.
Air evacuation should always be planned for and rehearsed.
(FYI) LMTV=12 litter or 16 ambulatory; CH-47=24 litter or 33ambulatory
USE SPECIALIZEDEQUIPMENT
Casualty Evacuation TTPs
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
149/200
EQUIPMENT
POLELESS LITTER
SKED LITTER
DESIGNATE ANDTRAINAID AND LITTER TMS
Casualty Evacuation TTPs cont.The leader should emphasize that ground casualty evacuation
techniques include, but are not limited to using the followingitems:
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
150/200
Poleless litter- easy to carry on person, takes 6-soldiers (almost a squad
sized element) to carry casualty once inflicted. This is the preferred andcommonly used item in casualty evacuation. It is cumbersome whenevacuating a casualty, but light and easy to carry when in the carryingconfiguration (fits in ruck sack flap, butt pack or soldier cargo pocket).
Sked litter- bulky and not conducive for light forces. Approximately 2.5 feet
in length when in the carrying configuration. Takes only four personnel tocarry a casualty (has handles on the four corners, as opposed to six carryingstraps like the poleless litter).
Poncho- another technique is using soldier OCIE. A poncho is conducive tocombat operations, easy to carry on the soldier, but cumbersome to carry
when a casualty is inflicted and placed on the poncho litter. Like thepoleless litter, it is cumbersome and takes up to six soldiers to carry.
A key to success is training aid and litter teams down to the squad level onthe various casualty evacuation equipment. Platoon leaders shoulddesignate both a primary and alternate aid and litter team within each squad.
items:
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
151/200
The rapidly employable lightweight litter,
referred to as the SKEDS litter, is designed
to be used as a rescue system in most types
of terrain, including mountains, jungle,
waterborne and on snow or ice
When conducting patrols, it is possible that you
could receive a casualty due to either an accident or
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
152/200
could receive a casualty due to either an accident orhostile action. One rapid method of transporting a
casualty with minimal use of personnel is the SKEDlitter. If at all possible at least one should be takenwhile on dismounted patrol.(FYI for instructor)TheSKEDS litter is made of durable plastic. It can be
rolled and carried in a camouflage case. The basiclitter weighs 16 pounds complete with carrying case,straps, snap link, and a 30-foot kernmantle rope.TheSKEDS litter enables a single soldier to pull a
casualty over most types of terrain; a field-expedientponcho litter requires two soldiers or more. Up tofour soldiers can use hand loops to carry a SKEDSlitter containing a seriously injured casualty across
difficult terrain
Manual Carries:One-man carries
Two-man carries
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
153/200
Casualties carried by manual means must be carefully and correctly handled, otherwisetheir injuries may become more serious or possibly fatal.
This carry can be used to assist him as far as he is able to walk or hop.
Other one-man carries include the Firemans carry, the Saddleback carry, the Arms
carry, and etc.
(Supp ort carry )The casualty must be able to walk or at least hop on one leg, using the
bearer as a crutch.
Manual Carries(One Man)
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
154/200
Firemans CarrySupport Carry
Arms Carry
Pistol-belt Carry and Drag
Neck Drag
TWO-MAN SUPPORT CARRY
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
155/200
TWO-MAN SUPPORT CARRY (cont)
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
156/200
Other two-man carries include the two-man arms carry, the two-man fore and aft
carry, and so on. These carries can be practiced as part of a normal battle-focused
PT program.
Manual Carries (two man)
Two man support carry
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
157/200
Two man support carry
Two man arms carry
Two man fore-and-aft carry
Two hand seat carry
CATEGORIES OFPRECEDENCE FOR
EVACUATION
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
158/200
EVACUATION
URGENT-PATIENT WHO SHOULD BE EVACUATED ASSOON AS POSSIBLE AND WITHIN TWO HOURSTO SAVELIFE, LIMB, OR EYESIGHT.
PRIORITY-PATIENT WHO SHOULD BE MOVED WITHINFOUR HOURS OR HIS/HER CONDITION WILL
DETERIORATE TO SUCH A DEGREE THAT HE WILLBECOME URGENT.
ROUTINE-PERSONNEL WHOSE CONDITION IS NOTEXPECTED TO WORSEN SIGNIFICANTLY AND WHO WILL
REQUIRE EVACUATION IN THE NEXT 24 HOURS.The leader should emphasize the listed categories of precedence and the criteriaused in their assignment. The following slides cover these three categories of
precedence for evacuation.
URGENT-The leader should emphasize that these types of casualties should be
evacuated to prevent complications of serious illness, or to avoid permanent
disabilit
MEDEVAC REQUEST FORMAT LINE ITEM/BREVITY CODES 1 Location of pickup site
2 Frequency/Call sign of pickup site
ITEM/BREVITY CODES 7Method of marking pickup site
A PANELS
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
159/200
3 Number of patients by precedence
A - URGENTC - PRIORITY
D - ROUTINE
4 Special equipment
A - NONE
B - HOIST
C - EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT
D - VENTILATOR
5 Number of patients by type
L + # LITTER
A + # AMBULATORY 6 Security of pickup site
N - NO ENEMY
P - POSSIBLE ENEMY
E - ENEMY IN AREA
X - ARMED ESCORT NEEDED
A - PANELS
B - PYROTECHNICS
C - SMOKED - NONE
E - OTHER
8Patient nationality and status
A - US MILITARY
B - US CIVILIANC - NON US MILITARY
D - NON US CIVILIAN
E - EPW
9NBC contamination
N - NUCLEAR
B - BIOLOGICALC CHEMICAL
The leader should emphasize
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
160/200
that battle roster numbers reducethe amount of time spent sending in
soldier demographics. Company
battle roster numbers aremaintained by the company CP.
LINE 1
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
161/200
LOCATION OF THEPICKUP SITE
The leader should transmit the grid coordinates of thepickup site by the most secure type of communications
available or by whatever means and been coordinated with
the element the requester is to call.
This is required so evacuation vehicles know where to pickuppatients. Also, so that the unit coordinating the evacuation
mission can plan the route for the evacuation vehicle (if the
evacuation vehicle must pick up from more than one
location).
RADIO FREQUENCY/CALL SIGN
LINE 2
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
162/200
AND SUFFIX
The leader should encrypt( or by secure means) the
frequency of the radio at the pickup site, not a relay
frequency. The call sign (and suffix if used) of person
to be contacted at the pickup site may be transmitted
in the clear.
This information is required so that evacuation vehicle
can contact requesting unit while enroute (obtainadditional information or change in situation or
directions).
SOI and ANCD
LINE 3
NUMBER OF PATIENTS BY
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
163/200
PRECEDENCEBREVITY CODES:
A- URGENT
C -PRIORITY
D -ROUTINE
The leader should report only applicable information and encrypt thebrevity codes (ACD). If two or more categories must be reported in the
same request, insert the word BREAK between each category.
This is required by unit controlling the evacuation vehicles to assist in
prioritizing missions.
LINE 4
SPECIAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
164/200
BREVITY CODES:
A NONE
B HOIST
C EXTRACTION
EQUIPMENT
D VENTILATORThe leader should utilize the applicable brevity codes
(ABCD). This is required so that the equipment can be placed
on board the evacuation vehicle prior to the start of the
mission
LINE 5
NUMBER OF PATIENTS BY TYPE
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
165/200
BREVITY CODES:
L + #Patients Litter
A + #Patients AmbulatoryThe leader should report only applicable information and
encrypt the brevity code. If requesting MEDEVAC for both
types, insert the word BREAK between the litter entry and
ambulatory entry.This is required so that the appropriate number of
evacuation vehicles may be dispatched to the pickup site.
They should be configured to carry the patients requiring
evacuation
LINE 6
SECURITY OF PICKUP SITE
(WARTIME)
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
166/200
BREVITY CODES: N NO ENEMY
P POSSIBLE ENEMY TROOPS IN
AREA (APPROACH WITH CAUTION)
E ENEMY TROOPS IN AREA (APPROACH WITHCAUTION)
X ENEMY TROOPS IN AREA
(ARMED ESCORT REQUIRED)
(WARTIME)
The leader should emphasize that the information for security of pickupsite should be given in brevity codes (NPEX). This information is
required to assist the evacuation crew in assessing the situation and
determining if assistance is required. More definitive guidance can be
furnished the evacuation vehicle while it is en route (specific location of
enemy to assist an aircraft in planning its approach)
LINE 6
NUMBER AND TYPE OF WOUND,
INJURY OR ILLNESS
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
167/200
GIVE SPECIFIC INFORMATION, GUNSHOT
WOUND, BLEEDING AND BLOOD TYPE IF
KNOWN
INJURY, OR ILLNESS
(PEACETIME)
The leader should emphasize that information specifically
regarding patient wounds by type (gunshot or shrapnel)should be transmitted. Report serious bleeding, along with
patient blood type, if known.
Required to assist evacuation personnel in determining
treatment and special equipment needed.
LINE 7METHOD OF MARKING PICKUP SITE
BREVITY CODE:
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
168/200
A PANELS
B PYROTECHNIC SIGNAL
C SMOKE SIGNAL
D NONE
E OTHERThe leader should emphasize the method of marking the
pickup site should be encrypted in brevity codes (ABCDE).
This information is needed to assist the evacuation crew in
identifying the specific location of the pickup site. Note thatthe color of panels or smoke should not be transmitted until
the evacuation vehicle contacts the unit (just prior to its
arrival). For security, the crew should identify the color and
the unit verify it
LINE 8PATIENT NATIONALITY AND
STATUS
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
169/200
STATUSENCRYPT BREVITY CODE:
A FIL MILITARY
B FIL CIVILIAN
C NON-FIL MILITARY D NON-FIL CIVILIAN
E EPW (Detainee)
The leader should emphasis that the number of patients in each categoryneed not be transmitted. Encrypt only the applicable brevity codes
(ABCDE).
This information is required to assist in planning for destination facilities
and need for guards. Unit requesting support should ensure that there is
an English speaking representative at the pick-up site
LINE 9
NBC CONTAMINATION
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
170/200
(Wartime)ENCRYPT BREVITY CODE: N NUCLEAR
B BIOLOGICAL C CHEMICAL
The leader should include this line only when applicable.Encrypt the applicable brevity codes of NBC.
Required to assist in planning for the mission. (Determine
which evacuation vehicle will accomplish the mission and
when it will be accomplished).
LINE 9TERRAIN DESCRIPTION
(PEACETIME)
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
171/200
(PEACETIME)
INCLUDE DETAILS OF TERRAIN FEATURESIN AND AROUND PROPOSED LANDING
SITE
The leader should emphasize that this includes details of
terrain features in and around proposed landing site. If
possible, describe relationship of site to prominent terrainfeature (lake, mountain, tower).
Required to allow evacuation personnel to assess
route/avenue of approach into area. Of particular importance
if hoist operation is required
ExampleBadger03 this is Badger76 MEDEVAC 9 line followsover
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
172/200
This is Badger03 send it over
line 1-- UV 8945 4452
line 2-- 30300 in the red, badger76
line 3-- 1C
line 4-- Aline 5-- 1A
line 6-- N
line 6-- 1, broken ankle compound fracture (peacetime)
line 7-- C
line 8--Aline 9-- NONE
line 9-- Open field no power l ines.(peacetime)
Over
This is Bad er03 ro er out
SUMMARYINTRODUCTION
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
173/200
GENERAL
LIFE SAVING MEASURES
KIND OF WOUNDS AND FRACTURES
THAT CAUSE FROM INJURIES
BANDAGINGSPLINTING
TOURNIQUET
Do's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AIDWAYS OF TRANSPORTING WOUNDED PERSON
PERSONAL HYGIENE
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
174/200
Questions???
Take a break
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
175/200
THE END
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
176/200
PERSONAL HYGIENE
SCOPEDEFINITION OF TERMS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
177/200
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
CONTROL TRANSMITTING AGENTS
PERSONAL HYGIENE
PERSONAL CLEANLINESS
FOOD AND DRINKEXERCISE
REST
MENTAL HYGIENERULES FOR AVOIDING DISEASES IN THE FIELD
PERSONAL HYGIENE
PERSONAL HYGIENEPersonal hygiene consists of
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
178/200
yg
practices which safeguard yourhealth and that of others. It is often
thought of as being the same as
personal cleanliness. While
cleanliness is important, it is only
one part of healthy living.
PERSONAL HYGIENE contdPersonal hygiene is important to
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
179/200
you because:It protects against disease-causing
germs that are present in all
environments.
It keeps disease-causing germs from
spreading.It promotes health among soldiers.
It improves morale.
PERSONAL CLEANLINESSSkin. Wash your body frequently from head tofoot with soap and water If no tub or shower is
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
180/200
foot with soap and water. If no tub or shower is
available, wash with a cloth and soapy water,paying particular attention to armpits, groinarea, face, ears, hands, and feet.
Hair. Keep your hair clean, neatly combed, andtrimmed. At least once a week, wash your hairand entire scalp with soap and water. Also,shave as often as the water supply and tactical
situation permit. Do not share combs or shavingequipment with other soldiers.
PERSONAL CLEANLINESS cont.
Hands. Wash your hands with soap and waterafter any dirty work, after each visit to the
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
181/200
latrine, and before eating. Keep your fingernailsclosely trimmed and clean. Do not bite yourfingernails, pick your nose, or scratch yourbody.
Cloth ing and Sleeping Gear. Wash orexchange clothing when it becomes dirty(situation permitting). Wash or exchangesleeping gear when it becomes dirty. If clothingand sleeping gear cannot be washed orexchanged, shake them and air them regularlyin the sun. That greatly reduces the number of
erms on them
CARE OF THE MOUTH AND TEETHRegular and proper cleaning of the mouth
and the teeth helps prevent tooth decay and
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
182/200
p p y
gum disease. The most healthful oral hygiene isto clean your mouth and teeth thoroughly and
correctly after each meal with a toothbrush and
toothpaste. If a toothbrush is not available, cut a
twig from a tree and fray it on one end to serve
as a toothbrush. If mouthwash is available, use
it to help kill germs in your mouth. To help
remove food from between your teeth, usedental floss or toothpicks. Twigs can also be
used for toothpicks.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
183/200
CARE OF THE FEET
Wash and dry your feet daily Use
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
184/200
Wash and dry your feet daily. Use
foot powder on your feet to help kill
germs, reduce friction on the skin, and
absorb perspiration. Socks should bechanged daily. After crossing a wet
area, dry your feet, put on foot
powder, and change socks, as soonas the situation permits.
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
185/200
FOOD AND DRINK
For proper development, strength,
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
186/200
and survival, your body requires:Proteins.
Fats and carbohydrates.Minerals.
Vitamins.
Water.
FOOD AND DRINK cont.Issued rations have those essential food
substances in the right amounts and proper
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
187/200
substances in the right amounts and proper
balance. So, eat primarily those rations. Whenfeasible, heat your meals. That will make them
taste better and will reduce the energy required
to digest them. Do not overindulge in sweets,soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, and other
nonissued rations. Those rarely have nutritional
value and are often harmful.
Drink water only from approved water sources
or after it has been treated with water-
purification tablets.
To purify water from rivers or streams:
Fill your canteen with water (be careful not to get trashor other objects in your canteen)
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
188/200
or other objects in your canteen).
Add one purification tablet per quart of clear water ortwo tablets per quart of cloudy or very cold water. (Ifyou are out of tablets, use boiling water that has beenboiled for 5 minutes.)
Replace the cap loosely.Wait 5 minutes.
Shake the canteen well and allow some of the water toleak out.
Tighten the cap.Wait an additional 20 minutes before drinking thewater.
EXERCISE
Exercise of the muscles and joints helps tomaintain physical fitness and good health.With t th t l k th h i l t i
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
189/200
Without that, you may lack the physical staminaand ability to fight. Physical fitness includes ahealthy body, the capacity for skillful andsustained performance, the ability to recoverfrom exertion rapidly, the desire to complete adesignated task, and the confidence to face anyeventuality. Your own safety, health, and lifemay depend on your physical fitness.
There are lulls in combat when you will not beactive. During such lulls, exercise. That helps tokeep the muscles and body functions ready forthe next period of combat. It also helps pass thetime in the lulls.
REST
Your body needs regular periods of rest torestore physical and mental vigor. Whenyou are tired your body functions are
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
190/200
you are tired, your body functions aresluggish, and your ability to react is slowerthan normal. That also makes you moresusceptible to sickness. For good health,
6 to 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep eachday is desirable. As that is seldompossible in combat, use rest periods and
off-duty time to rest or sleep. Do not beashamed to say that you are tired orsleepy. Do not, however, sleep when on
d t
MENTAL HYGIENE
The way you think affects the way youact If you know your job you will
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
191/200
act. If you know your job, you willprobably act quickly and effectively. Ifyou are uncertain or doubtful of yourability to do your job, you mayhesitate and make wrong decisions.Positive thinking is a necessity. Youmust enter combat with absoluteconfidence in your ability to do your
job.
MENTAL HYGIENE cont.Fearis a basic human emotion. It is botha mental and physical state Fear is not
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
192/200
a mental and physical state. Fearis not
shameful if it is controlled. It can even helpyou by making you more alert and moreable to do your job. Fearmakes the pupils
of your eyes enlarge, which increasesyour field of vision so you can detectmovement more easily. Fearalso
increases your rate of breathing andheartbeat. That increases your strength.Therefore, control your fear and use it toyour advantage.
MENTAL HYGIENE cont.Do not let your imagination and fear run wild.Remember, you are not alone. You are part of a
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
193/200
, y p
team. There are other soldiers nearby, eventhough they cannot always be seen. Everyonemust help each other and depend on eachother.
Worry undermines the body, dulls the mind,and slows down thinking and learning. It addsto confusion, magnifies troubles, and causes
you to imagine things which really do not exist.If you are worried about something, talk to yourleader about it. He may be able to help solvethe problem.
MENTAL HYGIENE cont.
You may have to fight in any part of the
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
194/200
You may have to fight in any part of the
world and in all types of terrain. Therefore,adjust your mind to accept conditions as
they are. If mentally prepared for it, you
should be able to fight under almost anyconditions.
RULES FOR AVOIDING ILLNESSIN THE FIELD
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
195/200
No matter how strong of wellconditioned a man may be, if
enough germs enter his bodyhis resistance will be overcome
and a disease will develop.
RULES FOR AVOIDING ILLNESS INTHE FIELD
Don't consume foods and beverages fromth i d
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
196/200
unauthorized sources.
Don't soil the ground with urine or feces. (Use alatrine or "cat-hole.")
Keep your fingers and contaminated objects out
of your mouth.
Wash your hands following any contamination,before eating or preparing food, and before
cleaning your mouth and teeth.Wash all mess gear after each meal.
Clean your mouth and teeth at least once each
d
RULES FOR AVOIDING ILLNESS INTHE FIELD cont.
Avoid insect bites by wearing proper clothing
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
197/200
and using insect repellents.Avoid getting wet or chilled unnecessarily.
Don't share personal items (canteens, pipes,
toothbrushes, washcloths, towels, and shavinggear) with other soldiers.
Don't leave food scraps lying around.
Sleep when possible.Exercise regularly.
SUMMARYDEFINITION OF TERMS
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
198/200
COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
CONTROL TRANSMITTING AGENTS
PERSONAL HYGIENE
PERSONAL CLEANLINESS
FOOD AND DRINK
EXERCISE
REST
MENTAL HYGIENERULES FOR AVOIDING DISEASES IN THE FIELD
PERSONAL HYGIENE
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
199/200
Questions???
Take a break
7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt
200/200
THE END