FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt

7/30/2019 FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt

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OBJECTIVE

TO IMPART TO THE STUDENTS

THE MILITARY KNOWLEDGE

OF WHAT IS FIRST AID


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SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

GENERALLIFE SAVING MEASURES

KIND OF WOUNDS AND FRACTURES

THAT CAUSE FROM INJURIESBANDAGING

SPLINTING

TOURNIQUETDo's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AID

WAYS OF TRANSPORTING WOUNDED

PERSON


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INTRODUCTIONIf a casualty is loosing blood from a

wound, you must take measures to control

the bleeding. A field dressing can be

applied to any wound which is bleedingheavily. If the wound is on an arm or leg, a

pressure dressing can also be applied. If

the bleeding still doesn't stop, a tourniquetcan be placed around an upper arm or

thigh, then tightened to stop the flow of

blood below the band.


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GENERAL

First aid is the care and treatment you

give a casualty before medical personnelarrive.

Personal hygiene is the steps you take to

protect your own health and that of others. Yourpersonal-hygiene and first-aid skills could saveyour life or the life of a buddy.

By knowing what to do, and by getting medicalhelp quickly, you may be able to save lives,prevent permanent disabilities, and prevent

long periods of hospitalization.


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GENERAL: cont.

The field first-aid packet issued to you

should be carried at all times for personaluse. It contains one or two field first-aid

dressings. Use the first-aid dressings on

wounds. When giving first aid to acasualty, you should use the casualty's

first-aid items. You may need your own

items later if you become injured.


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Questions


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LIFESAVINGMEASURES


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LIFESAVING MEASURES

When you or your buddy is wounded,

first aid must be given at once. Thefirst step is to apply (as needed) the

four life-saving measures. These

measures are:

Clear the airway; check and restore

breathing and heartbeat.

Stop the bleeding.

Prevent shock.

Dress and bandage the wound.

C C C


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CLEAR THE AIRWAY; CHECK AND

RESTORE BREATHING AND HEARTBEATClear the Airway. The lack of oxygen intake through

breathing and lack of heartbeat leads to death in avery few minutes.

When treating a casualty, first find out if he isbreathing. If he is not breathing:

Place him on his back and kneel beside his head.Clear his airway by removing any obstruction in hismouth.

Place your hand (the hand nearest his feet) under his

neck and put your other hand on his forehead. Extendhis neck by lifting with the hand under the neck andpushing down on the forehead. This also lifts thetongue away from the back of the throat, opening theairway.


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CLEAR THE AIRWAY; CHECK AND

RESTORE BREATHING AND HEARTBEAT

cont.

Check for B reath ing. After opening the airway,

LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL to find out if the

casualty is breathing.The following procedures should be used:

Put your ear near the casualty's mouth and

nose: hold this position for about 5 seconds.LOOK to see if the casualty's chest is rising and

falling.

LISTEN and FEEL for breathing.


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Resto re Breathing .IF THERE ARE NOSIGNS OF BREATHING, START MOUTH-TO-MOUTH RESUSCITATION AT ONCE.Thefollowing procedures should be used:

Put a hand under the casualty's neck to keepthe head tilted far back.

Press down on his forehead with the otherhand.

Move this hand and pinch his nostrils betweenyour thumb and index finger.

Open his mouth wide.

RESTORE BREATHING


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RESTORE BREATHING

Take a deep breath and place your mouth over

his, making an airtight seal with your lips.

Blow into his mouth.

Give four or five quick but full breaths to make

sure his lungs are full.

Remove your mouth, turn your head, and

LOOK, LISTEN, and FEEL for exhaled air.

Repeat this procedure once every 5 seconds

until the casualty exhales.


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RESTORE BREATHING cont.

If you feel strong resistance when you first

blow air into the casualty's mouth, quicklyreposition his head and try again. If the airway

is still not clear, roll him onto his side. Hit him

sharply between his shoulder blades with theheel of your hand to dislodge any foreign

objects. If the casualty's abdomen bulges (air

going into stomach), apply gentle pressure onhis abdomen with one hand to force the air out.

If this makes the casualty vomit, quickly turn

him onto his side, clean out his mouth, and

continue giving mouth-to-mouth resuscitation.


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Check for Heartbeat.Check for Heartbeat. When you find an

unconscious casualty, check to see if he has aheartbeat and if he is breathing.

To check for heartbeat, use the followingprocedures:

Tilt the casualty's head back.

Place your fingers on his throat.

Feel for the Adam's apple.

Slide the fingers down from the Adam's apple tothe side of the throat. This will place thefingertips over an artery, where the pulse can

be felt.


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Restore Heartbeat.

Resto re Heartbeat. You must start

external heart massage quickly, aspermanent damage to the brain may occurif it is deprived of oxygenated blood.

External heart massage provides artificialcirculation by squeezing the heart between thebreastbone and the backbone, forcing bloodthrough the lungs, brain, and body.

Examples of times without oxygen andlikelihood of brain damage are listedbelow:


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To perform mouth to mouth


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To perform mouth-to-mouthresuscitation and external heart

massage at the same time:Kneel at the casualty's side.

Blow four quick but full breaths into the casualty (as

described earlier) to fill the lungs with air (his head

must be tilted back and his airway open). Locate thetip of the breastbone and measure two finger-widths

up from that tip.

Place the heel of the other hand along side the

fingers. Then, put both hands together and interlace

the fingers. Push downward on the chest 15 times at a

rate of 80 counts per minute.

Lean forward with the elbows locked.

T f th t th


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To perform mouth-to-mouth

resuscitation and external heart

massage at the same time:That will compress the casualty's chest about11/2 to 2 inches. Then release the pressure onthe chest.

After each 15 compressions, shift positionsslightly and give him 2 quick, but full, breaths.

Continue this 15 to 2 ratio:

Until the casualty can breathe by himself andhis pulse returns.

Until relieved by someone.

Until the casualty is dead.


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To perform mouth to mouth


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To perform mouth-to-mouth

resuscitation and external heart

massage at the same time: cont.

If two of you are present, one should give

mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and the other

should give heart massage. In that case, the

procedure is slightly different. The soldier giving

the heart massage should change the number

of compressions from 15 at a time to 5, keeping

the 80-per-minute rate. The soldier givingmouth-to-mouth resuscitation, should give 2

breaths after each 5 compressions.


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STOP THE BLEEDING

If the casualty is breathing and his

heart is beating, the next thing to do is

to stop the bleeding of the wound.

Before you stop the bleeding, youmust find all wounds. Look for both

entry and exit points. This is to see

that nothing is overlooked, as a bulletusually makes a smaller wound where

it enters than where it exits.


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STOP THE BLEEDING t


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STOP THE BLEEDING cont.

After finding all wounds, stop the bleeding

by using the following procedure:Without touching or trying to clean the wound

cut and lift the clothing away from the wound to

expose it.Do not touch the wound or try to remove

objects from it.

Put a field first-aid dressing on the wound,trying not to contaminate the dressing or the

wound.


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To put on the dressing:

Remove the dressing from its plasticenvelope and twist it to break the paperwrapper.

Grasp the folded dressing with both hands(do not touch the side of the dressing that goeson the wound).

Place the dressing on the wound without

letting it touch anything else.Wrap the dressing around the wound and tie

the ends securely with a square knot. Ifpossible, tie the knot directly over the wound.

STOP THE BLEEDING t


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STOP THE BLEEDING cont.To put on the dressing: cont.

If the bleeding continues after the dressing issecured on the wound, press the bandage for 5 to 10

minutes.

If more pressure is needed to stop the bleeding,

put a thick pad or stone on top of the dressing and tiethe ends of the dressing over the pad or stone. This is

called a pressure dressing.

If the wound is in an arm or leg and the bleedinghas not stopped, raise the injured limb above the level

of the heart. This helps to slow down or stop the

bleeding. Do not, however, raise a limb with a broken

bone unless it is properly splinted.

STOP THE BLEEDING cont


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To put on the dressing: cont.

If blood is spurting from the wound, there isbleeding from an artery. To stop it, press on the point

of the body where the main artery supplying the

wounded area with blood is located This pressure

should shut off or slow down the flow of blood from theheart to the wound until a pressure dressing can be

put on it. In some cases, you may have to keep

pressure on the pressure paint even after the drawing

is put on. The best pressure points of the body to usein stopping arterial bleeding are shown in the following

illustration.

STOP THE BLEEDING t
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STOP THE BLEEDING cont.To put on the dressing: cont.

If the wound continues to bleed after youapply pressure to a pressure point and apply a

pressure dressing, use a tourniquet. This

should be a LAST RESORT ONLY. Put thetourniquet between the wound and where the

injured limb joins the trunk. Put it 2 to 4 inches

above the wound, not over it. Never loosen or

remove a tourniquet once it has been put on. If

possible, mark a "T" on the casualty's fore head

at the time the tourniquet is put on. Then get

the casualty to an aid station quickly.


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PREVENT SHOCK


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PREVENT SHOCKUnless shock is prevented or treated, deathmay result, even though the injury would nototherwise be fatal.

Shock may result from any injury, but is morelikely to result from a severe injury. Warning

signs of shock are restlessness, thirst, paleskin, and rapid heartbeat. A casualty in shockmay be excited or appear calm and tired. Hemay be sweating when his skin feels cool and

clammy. As his condition worsens, he may takesmall, fast breaths or gasps; stare blindly intospace or become blotchy or bluish around his

mouth.


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PREVENT SHOCK cont


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PREVENT SHOCK cont.Place the casualty in a comfortable position. His

position depends on his condition. If he is conscious,

place him on his back with his feet raised 15 to 20 cm(6 to 8 in). If he is unconscious, place him on his side

or abdomen with his head turned to the side. If he has

a head wound, raise his head higher than his body. If

he has a wound of the face and/or neck, set him up

and lean him forward with his head down or in the

position for an unconscious casualty. If he has a

sucking chest wound, set him up or lay him down onthe injured side. If he has an abdominal wound, lay

him on his back with his head turned to the side.

Keep the casualty warm. It may be necessary to place

ponchos or blankets under and over him.


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Questions


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KIND OF WOUNDS AND

FRACTURESTHAT CAUSE FROM

INJURIES

Open Wounds


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Open Wounds

Closed Wounds


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Closed Wounds


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Trauma


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Trauma

Compound Fracture of the Ankle

Fractures


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Fractures

Any break in the

continuity of a bone

May vary from a

simple crack to acompletely shattered

bone

FX Femur

Open Fracture


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Open Fracture

Compound Fracture of the Ulna


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Ecchymosis


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Ecchymosis

Discoloration caused

by bleeding in tissue

Blood migrates

toward skin and

changes color with

time


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Dislocations


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Dislocations

Disruption of a joint such that the bone

ends are no longer in contactTorn ligaments and capsule

Common Dislocations


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Common Dislocations

Fingers

ShoulderHip

Elbow

Ankle

Dislocated Elbow

Knee Joint


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Knee JointFemur, Tibia, and Patella

Largest hinge joint in bodyHeld together by complex ligaments

Susceptible to injury

Knee Injuries


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Knee Injuries

Ligaments and cartilage injuries are

commonSwelling, pain, limited ROM

Frequent athletic injury

Splint entire femur and tibia


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Dislocation of the Knee


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Dislocation of the Knee

Ankle Injuries


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j

Usually result from

twisting, indirect force

Fracture, dislocations,

sprains can occur

Swelling and deformityNote circulation

Immobilize with padding

and splint


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Management of Closed Injuries


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Management of Closed Injuries

R - Rest

I - Ice

C - CompressionE - Elevation

S - Splint (SAM Splints and cravats or

ACE wraps)

R/O fracture

Soft Tissue Injuries


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jOpen - Violation of

overlying skin ormucous membrane

Management


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Management

Stop the bleeding and bandage

Q ti


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Questions


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BANDAGING


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APPLY AND SECURE FIELD DRESSING


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Hold the field dressing above the

exposed wound with the white side ofthe dressing material toward the

wound.

Pull on the tails so the dressing opens

and flattens.

Do not touch the white sterile side ofthe dressing.


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APPLY AND SECURE FIELDSS G


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DRESSINGCheck the circulation below the bandage.

If the area below the bandage previously had

adequate blood circulation but is now cool to

the touch, bluish, or numb or if a pulse can

not be detected below the bandage, the

bandage may be interfering with blood

circulation. Loosen and retie the tails without

disturbing the dressing. Recheck the circulation. If circulation is not

restored, evacuate the casualty.


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APPLY A PRESSURE DRESSING


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Tie the ends of the cravat in a nonslip

knot directly over the wound. Youshould be able to insert the tip of one

finger under the knot.


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Questions


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Questions


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TOURNIQUET

DETERMINE WHEN A TOURNIQUET ISNEEDED


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Needed for a complete amputation of the upper arm,

forearm, thigh, or lower leg (limb has been completely

severed).

Apply tourniquet to amputated limb without applying

field and pressure dressings.

Apply even if stump is not bleeding heavily.

Do not apply for amputation of a part of a hand or

part of a foot. Bleeding from these wounds can be

controlled by a pressure dressing.Needed if the bleeding from a limb is severe and

cannot be stopped by the application of a field

dressing, manual pressure, elevation, and pressure

dressing


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GATHER MATERIALS FOR MAKING ATOURNIQUET


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Securing Materials (if needed)

Additional cravat or securing material may

be needed to secure the rigid object if the

tourniquet band is not long enough.

Padding

Soft, smooth material to place between

the limb and the tourniquet band. Thecasualty's shirt sleeve or trouser leg can

be used.


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APPLY A TOURNIQUET

Twist the rigid object (clockwise or


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Twist the rigid object (clockwise or

counterclockwise) until the tourniquet is

tight and the bright red bleeding has

stopped.

Generally, darker blood is from a veinand may continue to ooze even after the

tourniquet has been properly applied.

There should be no pulse below thetourniquet.


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APPLY A TOURNIQUET

Wrap the tails of the tourniquet band


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Wrap the tails of the tourniquet band

around the end of the rigid object so the

rigid object will not untwist, bring the tails

under the limb, and tie the tails in a

nonslip knot.


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APPLY A TOURNIQUET

If the rigid object cannot be secured with the tails of


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the tourniquet band, wrap a piece of material

around the limb below the tourniquet, wrap thematerial around one end of the rigid object so the

tourniquet will not unwind, and tie the tails of the

material in a nonslip knot.

Do not loosen the tourniquet once it is in place

and has stopped the blood flow. Loosening the

tourniquet band would allow the wound to start

bleeding again, which could be fatal.Do not cover the tourniquet. Leave it in full view

so it can be located quickly by medical

ersonnel

DRESS AN AMPUTATION

If the tourniquet is applied to an


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If the tourniquet is applied to an

amputation, protect the amputationsite (wound) from further

contamination.

Place a dressing made of soft,absorbent material over the end of the

stump and secure the dressing withbandages.


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PUT ON A FIELD DRESSING,PRESSURE DRESSING, AND TOURNIQUET


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CLOSING

Failure to control bleeding in the field is themajor cause of death among casualties who

could be saved. It is vital that all soldiers

learn the procedures for controllingbleeding presented in this lesson.


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Questions


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Questions


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Do's AND Don'ts OF

FIRST AID

Do's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AIDWhen giving first aid to a casualty,


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g g y,

remember the following:

DO act promptly but calmly.

DO reassure the casualty and gently examine

him to determine the needed first aid.

DO give lifesaving measures as required.

DON'T position a soldier on his back if he is

unconscious or has a wound on his face or

neck.

DON'T remove clothing from an injured soldier

by pulling or tearing it off.

DOs AND DON'Ts OF FIRST AIDcont.


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When giving first aid to a casualty, remember the

following: cont.DON'T touch or try to clean dirty wounds, includingburns.

DON'T remove dressings and bandages once they

have been put on a wound.DON'T loosen a tourniquet once it has been applied.

DON'T move a casualty who has a fracture until it hasbeen properly splinted, unless it is absolutelynecessary.

DON'T give fluids by mouth to a casualty who isunconscious, nauseated, or vomiting, or who has anabdominal or neck wound.

Do's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AID cont.

When giving first aid to a casualty remember


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When giving first aid to a casualty, remember

the following: cont.

DON'T permit the head of a casualty with a

head injury to be lower than his body.

DON'T try to push protruding intestines or braintissue back into a wound.

DON'T put any medication on a burn.

DON'T administer first-aid measures which areunnecessary or beyond your ability.

DON'T fail to replace items used from the first-

aid case

Questions


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Q


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WAYS OFTRANSPORTING

WOUNDED PERSON

Transportation of CasualtiesWhen the situation is urgent you may have to


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g y y

transport the casualty. For this reason, you must

know how to transport him without increasing theseriousness of his condition.

Transporting a casualty by litter is safer and more

comfortable for him than by manual means; it is

also easier for you.

Manual transportation, however, may be the only

feasible method because of the terrain or the

combat situation.Transportation of the sick and wounded is the responsibility of medical

personnel who have been provided special training and equipment.

Therefore, unless a good reason for you to transport a casualty arises,

wait for some means of medical evacuation to be provided.

Standard Evacuation Types


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UH-60A/Q Ambulance

*An M113 series Armored

Ambulance can carry 4

litters

UH-60Q Interior


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Non-Standard

Evacuation Types


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Non-Standard Evacuation Types cont.Non Standard Assets- Always plan for non-standard evacuationassets. There should already be a plan in place for casualty


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y p p yincidents at Camp Roberts and the surrounding camps,however, it is the duty of each leader to be highly familiar withthose plans and ensure that they are adequate for his particularmission.

(FYI)The leader should emphasize that non-standardevacuation means should be planned for (especially forMASCALs) and rehearsed, if possible. This will decrease thenumber of DOW casualties. SOPs for casualty marking shouldbe common and known to all, even supporting units providingthe non-standard evacuation means (for example, red chemlight during hours of limited visibility, VS-17 panel for day timeoperations). These techniques need to be rehearsed and

provided to both internal and external units supporting thebattalion.

Air evacuation should always be planned for and rehearsed.

(FYI) LMTV=12 litter or 16 ambulatory; CH-47=24 litter or 33ambulatory

USE SPECIALIZEDEQUIPMENT

Casualty Evacuation TTPs


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EQUIPMENT

POLELESS LITTER

SKED LITTER

DESIGNATE ANDTRAINAID AND LITTER TMS

Casualty Evacuation TTPs cont.The leader should emphasize that ground casualty evacuation

techniques include, but are not limited to using the followingitems:


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Poleless litter- easy to carry on person, takes 6-soldiers (almost a squad

sized element) to carry casualty once inflicted. This is the preferred andcommonly used item in casualty evacuation. It is cumbersome whenevacuating a casualty, but light and easy to carry when in the carryingconfiguration (fits in ruck sack flap, butt pack or soldier cargo pocket).

Sked litter- bulky and not conducive for light forces. Approximately 2.5 feet

in length when in the carrying configuration. Takes only four personnel tocarry a casualty (has handles on the four corners, as opposed to six carryingstraps like the poleless litter).

Poncho- another technique is using soldier OCIE. A poncho is conducive tocombat operations, easy to carry on the soldier, but cumbersome to carry

when a casualty is inflicted and placed on the poncho litter. Like thepoleless litter, it is cumbersome and takes up to six soldiers to carry.

A key to success is training aid and litter teams down to the squad level onthe various casualty evacuation equipment. Platoon leaders shoulddesignate both a primary and alternate aid and litter team within each squad.

items:


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The rapidly employable lightweight litter,

referred to as the SKEDS litter, is designed

to be used as a rescue system in most types

of terrain, including mountains, jungle,

waterborne and on snow or ice

When conducting patrols, it is possible that you

could receive a casualty due to either an accident or


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could receive a casualty due to either an accident orhostile action. One rapid method of transporting a

casualty with minimal use of personnel is the SKEDlitter. If at all possible at least one should be takenwhile on dismounted patrol.(FYI for instructor)TheSKEDS litter is made of durable plastic. It can be

rolled and carried in a camouflage case. The basiclitter weighs 16 pounds complete with carrying case,straps, snap link, and a 30-foot kernmantle rope.TheSKEDS litter enables a single soldier to pull a

casualty over most types of terrain; a field-expedientponcho litter requires two soldiers or more. Up tofour soldiers can use hand loops to carry a SKEDSlitter containing a seriously injured casualty across

difficult terrain

Manual Carries:One-man carries

Two-man carries


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Casualties carried by manual means must be carefully and correctly handled, otherwisetheir injuries may become more serious or possibly fatal.

This carry can be used to assist him as far as he is able to walk or hop.

Other one-man carries include the Firemans carry, the Saddleback carry, the Arms

carry, and etc.

(Supp ort carry )The casualty must be able to walk or at least hop on one leg, using the

bearer as a crutch.

Manual Carries(One Man)


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Firemans CarrySupport Carry

Arms Carry

Pistol-belt Carry and Drag

Neck Drag

TWO-MAN SUPPORT CARRY


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TWO-MAN SUPPORT CARRY (cont)


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Other two-man carries include the two-man arms carry, the two-man fore and aft

carry, and so on. These carries can be practiced as part of a normal battle-focused

PT program.

Manual Carries (two man)

Two man support carry


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Two man support carry

Two man arms carry

Two man fore-and-aft carry

Two hand seat carry

CATEGORIES OFPRECEDENCE FOR

EVACUATION


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EVACUATION

URGENT-PATIENT WHO SHOULD BE EVACUATED ASSOON AS POSSIBLE AND WITHIN TWO HOURSTO SAVELIFE, LIMB, OR EYESIGHT.

PRIORITY-PATIENT WHO SHOULD BE MOVED WITHINFOUR HOURS OR HIS/HER CONDITION WILL

DETERIORATE TO SUCH A DEGREE THAT HE WILLBECOME URGENT.

ROUTINE-PERSONNEL WHOSE CONDITION IS NOTEXPECTED TO WORSEN SIGNIFICANTLY AND WHO WILL

REQUIRE EVACUATION IN THE NEXT 24 HOURS.The leader should emphasize the listed categories of precedence and the criteriaused in their assignment. The following slides cover these three categories of

precedence for evacuation.

URGENT-The leader should emphasize that these types of casualties should be

evacuated to prevent complications of serious illness, or to avoid permanent

disabilit

MEDEVAC REQUEST FORMAT LINE ITEM/BREVITY CODES 1 Location of pickup site

2 Frequency/Call sign of pickup site

ITEM/BREVITY CODES 7Method of marking pickup site

A PANELS


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3 Number of patients by precedence

A - URGENTC - PRIORITY

D - ROUTINE

4 Special equipment

A - NONE

B - HOIST

C - EXTRACTION EQUIPMENT

D - VENTILATOR

5 Number of patients by type

L + # LITTER

A + # AMBULATORY 6 Security of pickup site

N - NO ENEMY

P - POSSIBLE ENEMY

E - ENEMY IN AREA

X - ARMED ESCORT NEEDED

A - PANELS

B - PYROTECHNICS

C - SMOKED - NONE

E - OTHER

8Patient nationality and status

A - US MILITARY

B - US CIVILIANC - NON US MILITARY

D - NON US CIVILIAN

E - EPW

9NBC contamination

N - NUCLEAR

B - BIOLOGICALC CHEMICAL

The leader should emphasize


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that battle roster numbers reducethe amount of time spent sending in

soldier demographics. Company

battle roster numbers aremaintained by the company CP.

LINE 1


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LOCATION OF THEPICKUP SITE

The leader should transmit the grid coordinates of thepickup site by the most secure type of communications

available or by whatever means and been coordinated with

the element the requester is to call.

This is required so evacuation vehicles know where to pickuppatients. Also, so that the unit coordinating the evacuation

mission can plan the route for the evacuation vehicle (if the

evacuation vehicle must pick up from more than one

location).

RADIO FREQUENCY/CALL SIGN

LINE 2


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AND SUFFIX

The leader should encrypt( or by secure means) the

frequency of the radio at the pickup site, not a relay

frequency. The call sign (and suffix if used) of person

to be contacted at the pickup site may be transmitted

in the clear.

This information is required so that evacuation vehicle

can contact requesting unit while enroute (obtainadditional information or change in situation or

directions).

SOI and ANCD

LINE 3

NUMBER OF PATIENTS BY


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PRECEDENCEBREVITY CODES:

A- URGENT

C -PRIORITY

D -ROUTINE

The leader should report only applicable information and encrypt thebrevity codes (ACD). If two or more categories must be reported in the

same request, insert the word BREAK between each category.

This is required by unit controlling the evacuation vehicles to assist in

prioritizing missions.

LINE 4

SPECIAL EQUIPMENT REQUIRED


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BREVITY CODES:

A NONE

B HOIST

C EXTRACTION

EQUIPMENT

D VENTILATORThe leader should utilize the applicable brevity codes

(ABCD). This is required so that the equipment can be placed

on board the evacuation vehicle prior to the start of the

mission

LINE 5

NUMBER OF PATIENTS BY TYPE


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BREVITY CODES:

L + #Patients Litter

A + #Patients AmbulatoryThe leader should report only applicable information and

encrypt the brevity code. If requesting MEDEVAC for both

types, insert the word BREAK between the litter entry and

ambulatory entry.This is required so that the appropriate number of

evacuation vehicles may be dispatched to the pickup site.

They should be configured to carry the patients requiring

evacuation

LINE 6

SECURITY OF PICKUP SITE

(WARTIME)


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BREVITY CODES: N NO ENEMY

P POSSIBLE ENEMY TROOPS IN

AREA (APPROACH WITH CAUTION)

E ENEMY TROOPS IN AREA (APPROACH WITHCAUTION)

X ENEMY TROOPS IN AREA

(ARMED ESCORT REQUIRED)

(WARTIME)

The leader should emphasize that the information for security of pickupsite should be given in brevity codes (NPEX). This information is

required to assist the evacuation crew in assessing the situation and

determining if assistance is required. More definitive guidance can be

furnished the evacuation vehicle while it is en route (specific location of

enemy to assist an aircraft in planning its approach)

LINE 6

NUMBER AND TYPE OF WOUND,

INJURY OR ILLNESS


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GIVE SPECIFIC INFORMATION, GUNSHOT

WOUND, BLEEDING AND BLOOD TYPE IF

KNOWN

INJURY, OR ILLNESS

(PEACETIME)

The leader should emphasize that information specifically

regarding patient wounds by type (gunshot or shrapnel)should be transmitted. Report serious bleeding, along with

patient blood type, if known.

Required to assist evacuation personnel in determining

treatment and special equipment needed.

LINE 7METHOD OF MARKING PICKUP SITE

BREVITY CODE:


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A PANELS

B PYROTECHNIC SIGNAL

C SMOKE SIGNAL

D NONE

E OTHERThe leader should emphasize the method of marking the

pickup site should be encrypted in brevity codes (ABCDE).

This information is needed to assist the evacuation crew in

identifying the specific location of the pickup site. Note thatthe color of panels or smoke should not be transmitted until

the evacuation vehicle contacts the unit (just prior to its

arrival). For security, the crew should identify the color and

the unit verify it

LINE 8PATIENT NATIONALITY AND

STATUS


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STATUSENCRYPT BREVITY CODE:

A FIL MILITARY

B FIL CIVILIAN

C NON-FIL MILITARY D NON-FIL CIVILIAN

E EPW (Detainee)

The leader should emphasis that the number of patients in each categoryneed not be transmitted. Encrypt only the applicable brevity codes

(ABCDE).

This information is required to assist in planning for destination facilities

and need for guards. Unit requesting support should ensure that there is

an English speaking representative at the pick-up site

LINE 9

NBC CONTAMINATION


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(Wartime)ENCRYPT BREVITY CODE: N NUCLEAR

B BIOLOGICAL C CHEMICAL

The leader should include this line only when applicable.Encrypt the applicable brevity codes of NBC.

Required to assist in planning for the mission. (Determine

which evacuation vehicle will accomplish the mission and

when it will be accomplished).

LINE 9TERRAIN DESCRIPTION

(PEACETIME)


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(PEACETIME)

INCLUDE DETAILS OF TERRAIN FEATURESIN AND AROUND PROPOSED LANDING

SITE

The leader should emphasize that this includes details of

terrain features in and around proposed landing site. If

possible, describe relationship of site to prominent terrainfeature (lake, mountain, tower).

Required to allow evacuation personnel to assess

route/avenue of approach into area. Of particular importance

if hoist operation is required

ExampleBadger03 this is Badger76 MEDEVAC 9 line followsover


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This is Badger03 send it over

line 1-- UV 8945 4452

line 2-- 30300 in the red, badger76

line 3-- 1C

line 4-- Aline 5-- 1A

line 6-- N

line 6-- 1, broken ankle compound fracture (peacetime)

line 7-- C

line 8--Aline 9-- NONE

line 9-- Open field no power l ines.(peacetime)

Over

This is Bad er03 ro er out

SUMMARYINTRODUCTION


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GENERAL

LIFE SAVING MEASURES

KIND OF WOUNDS AND FRACTURES

THAT CAUSE FROM INJURIES

BANDAGINGSPLINTING

TOURNIQUET

Do's AND Don'ts OF FIRST AIDWAYS OF TRANSPORTING WOUNDED PERSON

PERSONAL HYGIENE


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Questions???

Take a break


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THE END


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PERSONAL HYGIENE

SCOPEDEFINITION OF TERMS

COMMUNICABLE DISEASES


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CONTROL TRANSMITTING AGENTS

PERSONAL HYGIENE

PERSONAL CLEANLINESS

FOOD AND DRINKEXERCISE

REST

MENTAL HYGIENERULES FOR AVOIDING DISEASES IN THE FIELD

PERSONAL HYGIENE

PERSONAL HYGIENEPersonal hygiene consists of


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yg

practices which safeguard yourhealth and that of others. It is often

thought of as being the same as

personal cleanliness. While

cleanliness is important, it is only

one part of healthy living.

PERSONAL HYGIENE contdPersonal hygiene is important to


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you because:It protects against disease-causing

germs that are present in all

environments.

It keeps disease-causing germs from

spreading.It promotes health among soldiers.

It improves morale.

PERSONAL CLEANLINESSSkin. Wash your body frequently from head tofoot with soap and water If no tub or shower is


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foot with soap and water. If no tub or shower is

available, wash with a cloth and soapy water,paying particular attention to armpits, groinarea, face, ears, hands, and feet.

Hair. Keep your hair clean, neatly combed, andtrimmed. At least once a week, wash your hairand entire scalp with soap and water. Also,shave as often as the water supply and tactical

situation permit. Do not share combs or shavingequipment with other soldiers.

PERSONAL CLEANLINESS cont.

Hands. Wash your hands with soap and waterafter any dirty work, after each visit to the


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latrine, and before eating. Keep your fingernailsclosely trimmed and clean. Do not bite yourfingernails, pick your nose, or scratch yourbody.

Cloth ing and Sleeping Gear. Wash orexchange clothing when it becomes dirty(situation permitting). Wash or exchangesleeping gear when it becomes dirty. If clothingand sleeping gear cannot be washed orexchanged, shake them and air them regularlyin the sun. That greatly reduces the number of

erms on them

CARE OF THE MOUTH AND TEETHRegular and proper cleaning of the mouth

and the teeth helps prevent tooth decay and


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p p y

gum disease. The most healthful oral hygiene isto clean your mouth and teeth thoroughly and

correctly after each meal with a toothbrush and

toothpaste. If a toothbrush is not available, cut a

twig from a tree and fray it on one end to serve

as a toothbrush. If mouthwash is available, use

it to help kill germs in your mouth. To help

remove food from between your teeth, usedental floss or toothpicks. Twigs can also be

used for toothpicks.


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CARE OF THE FEET

Wash and dry your feet daily Use


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Wash and dry your feet daily. Use

foot powder on your feet to help kill

germs, reduce friction on the skin, and

absorb perspiration. Socks should bechanged daily. After crossing a wet

area, dry your feet, put on foot

powder, and change socks, as soonas the situation permits.


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FOOD AND DRINK

For proper development, strength,


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and survival, your body requires:Proteins.

Fats and carbohydrates.Minerals.

Vitamins.

Water.

FOOD AND DRINK cont.Issued rations have those essential food

substances in the right amounts and proper


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substances in the right amounts and proper

balance. So, eat primarily those rations. Whenfeasible, heat your meals. That will make them

taste better and will reduce the energy required

to digest them. Do not overindulge in sweets,soft drinks, alcoholic beverages, and other

nonissued rations. Those rarely have nutritional

value and are often harmful.

Drink water only from approved water sources

or after it has been treated with water-

purification tablets.

To purify water from rivers or streams:

Fill your canteen with water (be careful not to get trashor other objects in your canteen)


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or other objects in your canteen).

Add one purification tablet per quart of clear water ortwo tablets per quart of cloudy or very cold water. (Ifyou are out of tablets, use boiling water that has beenboiled for 5 minutes.)

Replace the cap loosely.Wait 5 minutes.

Shake the canteen well and allow some of the water toleak out.

Tighten the cap.Wait an additional 20 minutes before drinking thewater.

EXERCISE

Exercise of the muscles and joints helps tomaintain physical fitness and good health.With t th t l k th h i l t i


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Without that, you may lack the physical staminaand ability to fight. Physical fitness includes ahealthy body, the capacity for skillful andsustained performance, the ability to recoverfrom exertion rapidly, the desire to complete adesignated task, and the confidence to face anyeventuality. Your own safety, health, and lifemay depend on your physical fitness.

There are lulls in combat when you will not beactive. During such lulls, exercise. That helps tokeep the muscles and body functions ready forthe next period of combat. It also helps pass thetime in the lulls.

REST

Your body needs regular periods of rest torestore physical and mental vigor. Whenyou are tired your body functions are


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you are tired, your body functions aresluggish, and your ability to react is slowerthan normal. That also makes you moresusceptible to sickness. For good health,

6 to 8 hours of uninterrupted sleep eachday is desirable. As that is seldompossible in combat, use rest periods and

off-duty time to rest or sleep. Do not beashamed to say that you are tired orsleepy. Do not, however, sleep when on

d t

MENTAL HYGIENE

The way you think affects the way youact If you know your job you will


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act. If you know your job, you willprobably act quickly and effectively. Ifyou are uncertain or doubtful of yourability to do your job, you mayhesitate and make wrong decisions.Positive thinking is a necessity. Youmust enter combat with absoluteconfidence in your ability to do your

job.

MENTAL HYGIENE cont.Fearis a basic human emotion. It is botha mental and physical state Fear is not


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a mental and physical state. Fearis not

shameful if it is controlled. It can even helpyou by making you more alert and moreable to do your job. Fearmakes the pupils

of your eyes enlarge, which increasesyour field of vision so you can detectmovement more easily. Fearalso

increases your rate of breathing andheartbeat. That increases your strength.Therefore, control your fear and use it toyour advantage.

MENTAL HYGIENE cont.Do not let your imagination and fear run wild.Remember, you are not alone. You are part of a


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, y p

team. There are other soldiers nearby, eventhough they cannot always be seen. Everyonemust help each other and depend on eachother.

Worry undermines the body, dulls the mind,and slows down thinking and learning. It addsto confusion, magnifies troubles, and causes

you to imagine things which really do not exist.If you are worried about something, talk to yourleader about it. He may be able to help solvethe problem.

MENTAL HYGIENE cont.

You may have to fight in any part of the


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You may have to fight in any part of the

world and in all types of terrain. Therefore,adjust your mind to accept conditions as

they are. If mentally prepared for it, you

should be able to fight under almost anyconditions.

RULES FOR AVOIDING ILLNESSIN THE FIELD


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No matter how strong of wellconditioned a man may be, if

enough germs enter his bodyhis resistance will be overcome

and a disease will develop.

RULES FOR AVOIDING ILLNESS INTHE FIELD

Don't consume foods and beverages fromth i d


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unauthorized sources.

Don't soil the ground with urine or feces. (Use alatrine or "cat-hole.")

Keep your fingers and contaminated objects out

of your mouth.

Wash your hands following any contamination,before eating or preparing food, and before

cleaning your mouth and teeth.Wash all mess gear after each meal.

Clean your mouth and teeth at least once each

d

RULES FOR AVOIDING ILLNESS INTHE FIELD cont.

Avoid insect bites by wearing proper clothing


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and using insect repellents.Avoid getting wet or chilled unnecessarily.

Don't share personal items (canteens, pipes,

toothbrushes, washcloths, towels, and shavinggear) with other soldiers.

Don't leave food scraps lying around.

Sleep when possible.Exercise regularly.

SUMMARYDEFINITION OF TERMS



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CONTROL TRANSMITTING AGENTS

PERSONAL HYGIENE

PERSONAL CLEANLINESS

FOOD AND DRINK

EXERCISE

REST

MENTAL HYGIENERULES FOR AVOIDING DISEASES IN THE FIELD

PERSONAL HYGIENE


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Questions???

Take a break


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THE END

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FIRST AID AND PERSONAL HYGIENE.ppt