FINAL LESSON PLAN
Title: How to feed your infant Methods Used: Consensogram, educational game Target Audience: WIC mothers Class Size: 25 Terminal Objective: Class participants will be able to describe why breastfeeding, appropriate storage of formula and/or breast milk and introduction of infant to foods is important .
Terminal Concept: Breastfeeding is important for the first 6 months of life, when introducing infants to solid foods use developmental cues and introduce slowly to decrease the incidence of allergies.
Domain Cognitive
Taxonomic Level Application
References: Utah department of health WIC approved foods: http://www.health.utah.gov/wic/pdf/food_rule_materials/Authorized%20Foods%20Booklet%2010-‐2013.pdf Nutrition through the Life Cycle p. Nutrition Care Manual (Breastfeeding and lactation) http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm048694.htm (how to mix formula, temperatures for heating and cooling) Preparation: Prepare consensogram for wall, post its for each participant. Prepare physical strips of paper with large print situations for when should introduce child to solid food or not: 1) 3 month old 2) 4 month old 3) able to move tongue side to side 4) not able to keep liquids in mouth 5) Infant is not able to sit up by self 6) Able to pinch food in fingers and brings it to mouth 7) does not automatically push food out of mouth. Handout, one for each participant. Identify where WIC approved food resources are in the facility Pre-‐assessment: (Time 1.5 minutes) Before start ask following questions with a raise of hands to indicate concern about an area, or want to learn more about this area:
1) Breastfeeding 2) How to properly mix formula 3) How to store breastmilk or formula 4) What food to start an infant on 5) When to start an infant on solid food
Time (if in class): 30 minutes
Introduction: Introduce self as dietitian, an expert in nutrition. Time: 2 minutes
Supporting Objectives Content Outline Time Learning Experiences Class participants will be able to describe why nutrition is important during the infant life cycle Class participants will be able to explain why breast milk is the best nutrition available for infants. Class participants will be able to describe appropriate ratios of formula mixing and where to purchase WIC formula Class participants will be able to describe
Infants are 1 month old to 12 months old.
• Not able to feed themselves • Need fat, protein, vitamins and
minerals to grow Why breast milk is the best nutrition
• Optimal nutrition • Less infections • Less diarrhea • Protects against allergies • Promotes healthy jaw
development • Increases cognitive function
If can’t breastfeed, how to formula feed
• how to mix formula (instruction on label)
• do not dilute • do not substitute cow’s milk • Find out where to buy WIC
approved formula Food safety issues with breastfeed and formula feeding
2 min 1 min 4 min 3 min 5 min
Consensogram “Breastfeeding is important for your child” and discuss class results Ask class “Why do you feed your baby breast milk”?”
• possible responses: cheaper, want good nutrition for my baby, gets sick less often, etc.
Ask class “Why do you not feed your baby breast milk?”
• possible responses: too much trouble, formula is the same, more convenient, I have to work, etc.
Highlight where to find WIC approved formulas at facility Highlight the food safety issues with both breastfeeding and formula feeding. Ask class “How
appropriate storage techniques and appropriate temperatures for breast milk/formula. Class participants will be able to describe appropriate food to start an infant on solid foods. Class participants will be able to explain appropriate developmental cues a baby needs to express before starting solid food. Class participants will describe why age or weight is not the appropriate criteria.
• Sterilize bottles before use • Storage – check how long mixed
formula will last • Mix with cold water and then
heat to boiling and let cool for one minute
• Check powdered “use by” date so formula is not expired
• Refrigerate breast milk and formula after feeding
• Can freeze breast milk Introducing food
• Start with rice cereal (less allergies)
• Iron-‐fortified because birth iron stores of infant are depleted by the time they are 6 months old
When to introduce baby to solid food
• Recommended exclusive breastfeeding for first 6 months
• Developmental cues: doesn’t automatically push food out of mouth, sits up on own, brings hands to their mouth in “pincher” grasp, may lean forward or drool at food
• usually about 6 months, but each child is different.
• Important not to feed any earlier for risk of allergies
• Remember, honey is not to be introduced until 1 year old
3 min 6 min
do your store breast milk/formula after 1 hour? How do you store breast milk/formula after 5 hours? How do you store breast milk/formula after 3 days?” Ask class “why is it important to heat breast milk/formula up to feed an infant? Why is it important to chill breast milk/formula after finished?” Ask question “why is it important to start with rice cereal?” after present information Introduce or not introduce game: assess learner’s knowledge by giving criteria for when to introduce baby to solid food and have class determine if they should introduce the child or not. Show strips of paper with criteria and have class guess if they should introduce their infant to solid food or not. Tape strips on board or wall when finished with response.
Class participants will be able to describe how to introduce infant to solid foods.
Highlight common misconceptions and myths about starting infant on solid foods: Does not make them sleep through the night, solid foods will not help diarrhea, and just because infant is larger does not mean they are ready. Introducing baby foods
• Introduce one at a time, not too many at once (allergies)
• Keep supplementing with breast milk or formula until 1 year old
• Introduce variety of fruits and vegetables so infant can have a range of vitamins, minerals, and nutrients through their food.
2 min 3 minutes
Ask class who has heard of the following: “Starting on solid foods will make them sleep through the night.”, “Starting on solid foods will make them have less diarrhea.” “Start on solid foods when they are (some weight).” “It doesn’t matter when you start on solid foods.” Ask class “why do you think it is important to introduce a variety of fruits and vegetables to an infant?”
Assessment Have class divide into 5 groups of 5 and assign one of the groups one subject to brainstorm and come up with one important point covered today in that subject area. Then have groups talk one with another and present their important point with the class. Hand out papers to clarify subjects of the 5 groups as: 1) Why is breastfeeding the best nutrition? 2) How do you feed formula to infant? 3) What is some important food safety for formula or breastfeeding? 4) When should you introduce infant to food? 5) How should you introduce infant to food? Closure See assessment discussion above
Food Safety When storing breast milk or
formula remember:
o Sterilize bottles before you use them
o Keep milk refrigerated any time not feeding
o May freeze breast milk or formula
o Look at label to see ratio formula should be mixed
o Warm milk to feed baby, but do not warm milk to scalding (would burn baby) temperatures
Why Breast milk
is the best food
for your baby
o Immune boosting (your baby will not get sick as often)
o Less diarrhea for your baby
o Increases cognitive function (makes baby smarter)
o Ideal mix of fat, protein and carbohydrate (what your baby needs)
How to feed your infant
Use developmental cues to determine if ready to start solid foods
o Does not automatically push food out of mouth
o Can move tongue from side to side of mouth
o Able to grab foods in “pincher” grasp (finger and thumb)
o Grabs foods and brings them to mouth
o Able to sit up on own
Introducing Solid Foods o Start with rice cereal
o Introduce foods slowly, one at a time
o Watch if baby has reaction to one food, it may be an allergy
o Be careful of possible choking hazards
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