Extra Curricular Activities TRAINING

BIRDVILLE ISD

Senate Bill 82 mandates that students involved in

extracurricular athletic activities receive training in the recognition of medical

conditions that may arise in their competitions.

Head/Spine Injuries

Signs of a Concussion• Headache• Blurred Vision• Double Vision• Nausea• Vomiting• Dilated Pupils• Vacant stares.• Delayed verbal and motor

responses.• Confusion and inability to

focus.• Disorientation.• Slurred or incoherent

speech.

• Memory Loss• Disorientation• Improper Balance• Emotional Changes• Combativeness• Irrationality• Gross observable in

coordination.• Inappropriate emotions or

outbursts.• Memory deficits.• Any period of unconsciousness

Signs and Symptoms

Concussions

• Grade 1 – No loss of consciousness, transient confusion, quick recovery (less than 15 minutes.

• Grade 2 – Same as grade 1 with recovery over 15 minutes.

• Grade 3 – Any loss of consciousness.

Grading

Concussions

• Remove from contest.• Periodically recheck for

change in condition.• Physician may allow

return to play.• Call 911 for all grade 3

concussions immediately.

Treatment

Second Impact Syndrome• Definition: A condition in which the brain swells

rapidly and catastrophically after a person suffers a second concussion before symptoms from an earlier concussion have subsided.

• SIS may develop when a second blow to the head occurs days or weeks after an initial concussion.

• Even the mildest grade of concussion can lead to SIS

The condition is often fatal, and almost everyone that is not killed by it is

severely disabled. http://www.youtube.com/watch?

v=du_qiQ96ddk

Second Impact Syndrome

If an athlete’s concussion: 1.) Involves loss of

consciousness, for ANY period of time. 2.) Doesn't "clear" in 15 minutes 3.) Is not the athlete’s first

SHOULD NOT RETURN TO PLAY UNTIL MEDICAL CLEARANCE IS OBTAINED

Follow proper guidelines for returning to play after a concussion

Spinal Injuries

• Do not move victim.• Call 911 immediately.• Stabilize head and neck in

position found.• If victim begins to vomit,

log roll to one side.• Assess for motor function

in fingers and toes.• Document any tingling or

numbness in appendages.• Keep victim calm.

Procedures

Asthma

Asthma

• Noted by a wheezing sound when breathing.• Tightness in the chest with difficulty breathing.• Rapid, shallow breaths.• Mucus, fluids in mouth, nose, and throat.• Closed, occluded airways.• Nasal flaring.• May include a panic type attack.

Signs of Asthma

Asthma

– Cold air – Low humidity– Airborne particles and pollutants – Inhaled allergens – Dust– Respiratory infections - a recent cold or

asthma episode

Stimulants that contribute to :

Asthma

• Athletes with asthma should have access to their own inhaler.

• Remain calm.• Do not use OTC

inhalers.

.

Treatment

Heart Attack

Heart Attack

• Persistent chest pain lasting longer than 15 minutes.

• Heavy pressure in chest.• Denial.• Profuse sweating.• Jaw pain.• Heartburn and/or indigestion.• Arm and back pain especially on

the left side.• Upper back pain. • General malaise or feeling of

illness.• Nausea. • Shortness of breath.

Signs and Symptoms

Heart Attack

• Call 911 immediately.• Treat for shock.• Allow victim to rest in

a position of comfort.• Monitor ABC’s.• Keep the victim calm.

Treatment

Temperature Related Emergencies

Areas of concern

• Heat Cramps• Heat Exhaustion• Heat Stroke

Heat Injuries

Temperature Related Emergencies

The main causes of heat injuries are:

• Inadequate fluid replacement• Inadequate conditioning• Overweight• Temperature/humidity too high.• Workout not paced for temperature/humidity• Previous heat problems• Medications

Heat Injuries

Temperature Related Emergencies

Symptoms of Heat Stroke

• Altered mental status• Sweating stops in the heat• Throbbing headache • Nausea• Flushed or hot dry skin, which may be

red, mottled or bluish• Elevated core body temperature• Disorientation and confusion• Possible loss of consciousness,

convulsions or coma. • The victim may become a fatality if not

treated immediately.

Heat Stroke

Temperature Related Emergencies

Treatment

• Follow the same guidelines as heat exhaustion but with a noted exception: Call 911 immediately.

• You MUST get victim’s body temperature down- especially in the head and core.

• This is a life threatening condition and death is common for this condition if left untreated for even shortest periods of time.

Heat Stroke

Temperature Related Emergencies

• Adequate fluid replacement• Pace workout to

ability/conditioning/environment• Proper clothing• Be in good shape…condition for your

sport• Tell athletic trainer if you are on any

medication.

Prevention of Heat Injuries

What is MRSA?

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus

–Type of staph infection that is resistant to betalactam antibiotics

• Methicillin, Oxacillin, Penicillin, and Amoxicillin

MRSA

• Infection associated with longer hospital stays,

• higher mortality rates, and increased health care costs

• Historically this infection was only Associatedwith hospitals or long-term health care facilities

• In hospitals, MRSA has been a problem sincethe 1960s

STAPH-MRSA

• The occurrence of MRSA is on the rise.  Over the past several years, MRSA has become a concern among the athletic community, especially among participants of close contact sports. 

HOW IS IT SPREAD?• Most commonly spread through direct

physical contact with an infected person.

• Transmission can also spread through contact with objects/surfaces that have become contaminated with MRSA. 

PREVENTION

• Athletes Should:• Shower daily with soap and warm water,

especially after practice events and competitions • Wash hands with soap and warm water

frequently.  If proper hand washing facilities are not available, a waterless alcohol based hand sanitizer is an acceptable alternative.

• Do not share personal items with others.  Personal items include, but are not limited to; sporting equipment, clothes, towels, razors and uniforms.

STAPH• Athletes with draining wounds or infections

are not allowed to participate in practices or games until the wound has stopped draining. Because some staph infections may be difficult to treat, this may be a few weeks or longer.

• Report all wounds and skin lesions to trainers!

• State Law provides that bodybuilding, muscle enhancement, or increasing muscle bulk or strength through the use of an anabolic steroid or human growth hormone by a person who is in good health is not a valid medical purpose.

• A violation of State Law concerning anabolic steroids or human growth hormones is a criminal offense punishable by confinement in jail of imprisonment in the Texas Department of Corrections.

a. An offense under this section is a Class C misdemeanor.

Signs and Symptoms of Steroid Use

• Males– Baldness– Development of breasts

(Gynocomastia)– Painful erections– Shrinkage of testicles– Loss of testicular function

Signs and Symptoms of Steroid Use

• Females– Growth of facial and

body hair– Deepened voice– Breast reduction– Enlarged clitoris– Menstrual irregularities

Signs of use in Both Sexes

– Acne (Particularly on the back)– High blood pressure– Yellowing of the skin – Aching joints– Fluid retention– Change of facial structure– Aggressive behavior (Roid rage)– In some cases, depression as a result of stopping the

use of steroids– Rapid weight gain in a short period of time– Dramatic increases in strength – Bad breath– Trembling– Increased risk to infection, HIV/AIDS, and hepatitis

because of dirty needles or needle sharing

Long Term Consequences of Steroid Use

• Cardiovascular disease (Effect of cholesterol levels in the blood)

• Increased risk of tendon injuries • Increased risk of liver tumors• Stunted growth due to the premature closure of

growth plates in adolescents• Increased risk of stroke• Increased risk of prostate, liver, and kidney

cancer• Osteoporosis

Other Nutritional Supplements

• Creatine– Creatine has received very little scientific

study. – Side Effects

• include abdominal pain• nausea• loose stools• increase in weight• muscle cramps, and muscle strains.

– dehydration and even death may occur

• Ephedra – one of the most dangerous of the dietary

supplements. – Responsible for more than 50 deaths – significant effects such as heart attack, stroke,

seizures, psychosis, and death Often advertised as naturally occuring.

• Caffeine– Most popular energy drinks contain high

levels of caffeine – at high doses it poses a number of risks,

including increased heart rate, changes in heart rhythm, dehydration, sleep problems, and addiction.