ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd
topfhl;;bfSk;;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph;
gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd
topfhl;;bfSk;;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph;
gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis milahsg;gLj;Jjy;
ii
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
© rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ePjpf;fhd epiyak;> ,yq;if.
midj;J cupikfSk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;lit.
tbtikg;G: OLEECO Solutios (Pvt) Ltd
mr;rplg;gl;L ntspaplg;gl;lJ: [_iy 2018
,g;gpuRukhdJ nfhOk;gpYs;s gpupj;jhdpa cau; ];jhdpfuhyaj;jpd; MjuTld; ntspaplg;gl;lJ.
,g;gpuRuj;jpy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;l fUj;Jf;fs; Neu;fhzg;gl;l egu;fspd; fUj;Jf;fshFk; ,it rkj;Jtk;
kw;Wk; ePjpf;fhd epiyak;> ,yq;ifapd; nfhs;iffisNah fUj;Jf;fisNah gpujpgypg;gitay;y.
,e;j gpuRuj;jpd; ve;j gFjpAk; Mjhukpd;wp; kPs;gpujp nra;ag;glNth> kPl;nlLg;G Kiwikapy;
Nrkpf;fg;glNth my;yJ kpd;dZ> ,ae;jpu xspg;gjpT efyhAjk; vd ve;j tbtj;jpd; %yk;
gupkhw;wk; nra;ag;glNth KbahJ.
NkYk; jftYf;F njhlu;G nfhs;sTk;:
rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ePjpf;fhd epiyak;
325 V1> jpk;gpupf];]ha tPjp nfhOk;G 05> ,yq;if.
njhiyNgrpÆnjhiyefy;: ñ94 11 2055404> ñ94 11 2501457
kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]
,izajsk; : www.cejsrilanka.org
r%f Clfk; :
https://www.facebook.com/Centre-for-Equality-and-Justice
https://twitter.com/CEJ_SriLanka
https://www.instagram.com/cej_srilanka/
1
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
1[.eh ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; mwpf;if v];/2015/203; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;ghd ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsupd; mwpf;if v];/2017/249
1. mwpKfk;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;KiwAld; (CRSV) ,ize;Js;s fsq;fkhdJ gu];gu tYT+l;lypd; Row;rpapd; xU gFjpahfTk;
jiyKiwfspilNa ePbf;Fk; tpisTfisAk;
nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiw(CRSV) vd;gJ NeubahfNth my;yJ kiwKfkhfNth NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila
tifapy; xUtUila xg;Gjypy;yhky; nra;ag;gl;l
ve;jnthU ghypay; eltbf;ifapidAk; my;yJ
egnuhUtupd; ghypay; nraw;ghLfis my;yJ
cWg;Gfis Fwpitj;J nra;ag;gLfpd;w ve;jnthU
eltbf;ifiaAk; Fwpf;Fk;. ,e;j njhlh;ghdJ
Fw;wkpioj;jtupd; Ratpguk; (gaq;futhj mikg;G
my;yJ tiyaikg;G cs;slq;fyhf muR
my;yJ muR rhh;gw;w Majf;FOtpdUld;
,izf;fg;gl;lthwhd>) ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd;
Ratpguk; (Jd;GWj;jg;gLfpd;w rpWghd;ikapd
murpay;> ,d> kj gpd;dzpapyhd cz;ikahd
my;yJ mwpag;gl;l mq;fj;jtuhfg; ngUk;ghYk;
mikfpd;wtuhd my;yJ cz;ikahd
my;yJ mwpag;gl;l ghypay; rhh;G my;yJ
ghypd milahsj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; mbf;fb
,yf;F itf;fg;gLfpd;wtuhd egnuhUth;)>
jz;lidfSf;fhd #oikT (nghJthf
murpae;jpuj;jpd; rupTld; njhlu;GilaJ)>
ehl;bd; vy;iyfisj; jhz;ba tpisTfs;
(,lk;ngau;jy; my;yJ Ml;flj;jy; Nghd;wit)
kw;Wk; Nghu; epWj;j xg;ge;jjpd; tpjpKiwfis
kPWjy;1 Mfpatw;wpDlhf rhd;Wg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ,t;thwhd gue;Jgl;l jd;ikAilajhd
tiutpyf;fzkhdJ NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; jg;gpath;fspd; gy;NtW tpjkhd
mDgtq;fis cs;sPh;g;gjw;fhd fsk; cUthf
toptFj;Js;sJ.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L mjpypUe;J capu;jg;gpa ngz;fs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; fsq;fkhdJ
ngUk;ghYk; ghy;epiy rkj;Jtkpd;ik> ghugl;rkhd
gof;f tof;fq;fs;> NkhjYf;F Kd;dhpypUe;Nj
fhzg;gLfpd;wjhd Kd; $l;ba fUj;Jf;fs;
vd;gtw;wpd; tpupTgLj;jyhf mikfpd;wJ. ,jd;
Neub tpisthd ghugl;rkhdJ xd;wpypUe;J
kw;iwajid jd;dpay;ghf Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fs; rpwpjsthd my;yJ VNjDk; cjtpaw;w tifapy;
iftplg;gLk; epiyf;F topNaw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;ghd topfhl;Ljy;fshdJ
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fSf;fhd fsnkhd;W mikf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid mq;fPfhpg;gJld; ePjpahdJ
kWf;fg;glNth my;yJ jhkjg;gLj;jg;glNth
,y;iy vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w tifapyhd
kdr; rhl;rpf;fikthd nraw;ghLfSf;fhd
gbKiwfis nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs;>
gapw;rpahsh;fs;> mf;fiwAilNahh; MfpNahh;
vLg;gjw;fhd #oypid cUthf;fg;gl Ntz;bajd;
Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpidAk; mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ.
,r; nra;jp MtzkhdJ ehd;F gFjpfshfg;
gpupf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
1. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) cld; njhlu;Gila fsq;fj;;jpd; tpisthf ghugl;;rj;jpDila
fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisTfis Muha;jy;.
2. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) njhlh;gpyhd ru;tNjr kw;Wk; cs;ehl;L rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;ifr; rl;lfj;jpd;
jd;ik. 3. rPNlh ( CEDAW) ,Dila nghJthd
gupe;Jiufs; ,y 30 kw;Wk; ,y; 33 ,Dila
Nehf;nfy;iyfs;
4. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; gpioj;NjhUld; njhlh;Gilajhd gf;fr;
rhh;gpid ifahs;tjw;F mf;fiwAilNahUf;F
newpTWj;jy; toq;Fk; tifapy;; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph; jg;gpath;fspid ikag;gLj;jpajhd
ghy;epiy czu;TG+u;tkhd gupe;Jiufis
toq;Fjy; .
2
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
2. gf;fr; rhh;gpd;
jd;ikAk; mjDila
ntspg;gLj;JifAk;;
2.1 gf;fr; gf;fr;rhHgpid cUthf;Ffpd;w
kw;Wk epiyj;jpUf;fr;
nra;fpd;wdJkhd fhuzpfs;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw
(CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpa ng-z;fs; fsq;fj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gLtjw;fhd mb-
g;gilahd fhuzq;fshdit ngz;fs; gy;NtW
r%f juhjuq;fSf;fpizthf elf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;W vjph;ghh;f;fpd;w ,yq;ifr; r%fj;jpy; Mjhu-
j;jpy; cs;sJ. Mzhjpf;fkhdJ ngz;fs;
,yFtpy; ghjpf;fg;gLgth;fs; vdTk; mtu;fSld;
njhlh;Gilath;fspd; me;j];jpidAk; nfsutj;-
jpidAk; NgZtjw;F mg; ngz;fspd; fw;G gh-
Jfhf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vdTk; milahsg;gLj;-
Jfpd;wJ. ghypay; td;Kiwf;F Mshd ngz;fs;
njhlh;gpy; Fw;wj;jpidAk; mtkhdj;jpidAk;
Fw;wthspfspypUe;J ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F ,lk;
efh;j;jp xOf;fk; fiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L r%fj;jpdhy;
tLfspd; gpd;dhy; iftplg;gLfpwhu;fs;. Nkhjypd;
Kd;dNu ,Ue;j ,t;thwhd ghy;epiy njhlh;ghd
r%f Kj;jpiug;gLj;jy;fshdit mtw;wpDila
,ay;ghd rpf;fy;jd;ik fLikahd mjpfhu Vw;w-
j;jho;T vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf Nkhjypd; NghJk;
gpd;dUk; mjpfupf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
,tw;wpw;F Nkyjpfkhf ,dk;> cs;ehl;L my;yJ
rpWghd;ikapd me;j];J> r%f nghUshjhu
epiy kw;Wk; rhjp> nkhop> kjk; my;yJ ek;gp-
f;if> murpaw; fUj;J> jpUkz kw;Wk; jha;ik
epiy> taJ> fpuhk/efu;g;Gw ,lk;> Rfhjhu epiy> khw;Wj;jpwd; kw;Wk; Mjdr; nrhe;jk; Nghd;w
FWf;fpLk; fhuzpfs; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghF-
ghL NkYk; $l;bizf;fg;gl fhuzkhf mike;J
mth;fs; ePjpapid mZFtjw;F rpukj;jpid
cUthf;Ffpd;wJ.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw
(CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fs; ahuhf Ntz;LkhfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. mth; jkpoPo
tpLjiyg;GypfspDila (LTTE) Kd;dhs; Ng-huhspahfNth; mtSila r%fj;jpy; jPa rFd-
khf fUjg;gl;L xJf;fg;gLfpd;w rpq;fs ,uhZt
tpjitahfNth mur my;yJ jkpoPo tpLji-
yg;Gypfs; (LTTE) gilapdhpd; ghypay; gyh-j;fhuj;jpdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltuhfNth; Nghiug;gw;wp
mwpf;ifapl te;j gj;jpupifahsuhfNth FLk;g
Njitfis g+h;j;jp nra;a ciof;fpd;w ngz;
FLk;gj;jiytpahfNth ;my;yJ mq;ftPdKw;w
ngz;kzpahfNth ,Uf;fyhk;. ,e;j NtWgl;l
cjhuzq;fs; xt;nthd;wpYk; FWf;fpLk; fhuzpf-
shdit me;jg; ngz;zpd; mDgtk; NtWglTk;
rpf;fyilaTk; nra;tJld; mg; ngz; r%fj;-
jpw;F cs;NsAk; ntspNaAk; fsq;fg;gLj;jTk;
ghugl;repiyf;F Mshf;fg;glTk; top nra;fpd;wJ.
2.2 gf;fr;; rhu;gpd; tpisTfs;
fsq;fk; kw;Wk; gf;fr; rhh;G vd;gtw;wpid cUth-
f;Ffpd;w ghypd rkj;Jtkpd;ikahdJ Nkh-
jYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw
(CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpatu;fS-f;F rkj;Jtkpd;wp elhj;jg;gLtjw;F fhuzkhf
mikfpd;wJ. mtSf;F fy;tp kw;Wk; tho;th-
jhuj;jpw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis mZFjy;; el;l gh-
Jfhg;ghd tho;thjhu epiyikfs; vd;gtw;iwg;
ngWtjw;fhd rkj;Jtkhd tha;g;Gf;fis ngWt-
jpypUe;J kWf;fg;gl;ltshfpd;whs;.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw
(CRSV) cld; njhlu;Gilajhd fsq;fj;-jpd; tpisthf ghypd rhu;G vd;gJ gy topf-
spy; eilKiwapy; cs;sikahdJ njspthfg;
Gyg;gLfpd;wJ. gf;fr;rhh;gw;wJk; eLepiyahd-
Jkhd ghy;epiy czh;jpwDs;s tprhuizapid
Kd;ndLf;fj; jtWjy; ghugl;rj;ij jLf;f Kba-
hik NghJkhd nkhopngau;ghsu;fs; jug;glhik
kw;Wk; NghJkhd kUj;Jt/cstpay; r%f MjuT toq;fj;jtwpaik re;Njfj;jpw;fplkhdth;fspidf;
Nfs;tp Nfl;fj; jtWjy; kw;Wk; Fw;wkpioj;-
jth;fis mth;fs; ,ioj;j Fw;wj;jpw;F nghWg;Gr;
Rkj;j jtWjy;;; tof;Ffspidg; gjptpLk; ghjpf;f-
g;gl;lth;fis jz;lidf;Fs;shf;Fjy;@ xd;iwf;
fhl;bYk; kw;iwajid fLikahdjhff; fhl;lf;
$ba tifapy; gbepiyapid cUthf;Ftjd;
%yk; Gfhu;fis mw;gj;jdkhf;fy;; ePjpkd;wj;;jpYk;
Clfq;fspYk; NkYk; ngz;fis fsq;fg;gLj;-
jy; vd;gd mtw;Ws; rpythwhd epfo;TfshFk;.
mt;thwhd midj;J #o;epiyfspYk; NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;jg;gpa ngz;nzhU-
j;jpf;F ePjpia ngWtjid kWg;gjhdJ mts;
r%fj;jpy; rkkhf gq;Nfw;fTk; murpay;> r%f>
nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu cupikfis ngWt-
jpYk; ghjpf;fg;gpid Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
gaj;jpd; fhuzkhf ve;jnthU
epthuzj;jpidAk; ehd; vjpu;ghu;j;jjpy;iy.
ele;jtw;wpw;F epahak; fpilg;gjw;fhd
tha;g;G vJTk; ,y;iy. ,uhZtj;jpw;F
kpFe;j mjpfhuKk; nry;thf;Fk; cz;L.
mtu;fis ahUk; vjpu;g;gjpy;iy. mjdhy;
ehd; njhlu;e;J gaj;Jld;
tho;e;JtUfpNwd;.
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capHjg;gpa jkpoH.
3
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
3. rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;if
njhlh;ghd rl;lfk;
,yq;ifapd; murpayikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 12 MdJ midj;J egu;fSk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkkhdtu;fs; vdTk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkdhd ghJfhg;gpw;F cupj;Jilatu;fs; vdTk; ve;jnthU gpui[Ak; Vida ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shFk; fhuzpfs; mlq;fy-hf ghypay; mbg;gilapYk; ghugl;rg;gLj;jg;glf; $lhJ vdTk; ve;j ghFghLk; fhzg;glf;$l-hJ vdTk; Vw;ghL nra;fpd;wJ. eilKiwapy; ngz;fs; mth;fspd; tho;tpd; VNjDnkhU epiyapy; ghypay; rhu;e;j ghFghL kw;Wk; td;Ki-wf;F cs;shfpwhu;fs;.
[f;fpa ehLfspd; kdpjThpikfs; rigapDi-la (UNHRC) ,yq;ifapy; ey;ypzf;fk;> nghWg;G$wy; kw;Wk; kdpj cupikfis Cf;Ftpj;jy; vd;w jiyg;gpyhd 2015 Mk; Mz;-by; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhd jPu;khdk; 30/1 gb ghypay; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy td;Kiw rk;ge;-jkhd rpf;fy;fspid epiykhWfhy ePjpg; ngh-wpKiwf;Fs; cs;sPh;g;gjw;fhd murpd; mu;g;g-zpg;gpid milahsg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Kf;fpakhf fle;j fhy J\;gpuNahfq;fs; kw;Wk; td;Ki-wfSf;F gupfhukspf;f cUthf;fg;gl;l ePjp kw;Wk; tof;Ftprhuiz epWtdq;fs; cs;slq;fyhf ek;gfkhd ePjpr; nrad;KiwahdJ RahjPdkh-fTk; Neu;ikahfTk; ntspg;gilahfTk; mjpcau; epiyapyhd njhopy;rhh; kdg;ghd;ik kw;Wk; eL-epiyahfTk; ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; nray;glf;$ba egu;fshy; topelj;jg;glNtz;baikapid Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wJ. ,e;j mh;g;gzpg;gpw;fpzq;f ,aq;Ftjw;fhf ,yq;ifapy; ghypay; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy td;Kiwapid (SGBV) ifahs;tjw;fhd nfhs;iff; fl;likg;G kw;Wk; nraw;wpl;lk; (2016-2020) MdJ jd;dhu;tyu;fs;> epGzh;fs; kw;Wk; murh-q;fj;jpYs;s ntt;NtWgl;l mf;fiwAilNahu;> rptpy; r%fj;jpdu;> jdpahu; mikg;Gf;fs;> I.eh mikg;Gf;fs; vd;Nghiu cs;slf;fpa MNyhrid nrad;Kiwnahd;wpd; %ykhf 2016 [Pd; khjk; mikr;ruitapy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;lJ. ,J ghypay; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy td;Kiwapid (SGBV) cld; njhlu;Ggl;L gytifg;gl;ljhd fl;likg;gpidAk; jLg;G> gjpyspg;G kw;Wk; nfhs;if MNyhridfs; vd %d;W gue;Jgl;l tFjpfSs; cs;slq;Ffp-d;wjhd Nghupdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F epiykhW ePjpapid toq;Ftjw;fhd ePjp rhh; kw;Wk; ePjprhuh Kiwikfis toq;Ffpd;wJ.
ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ngz;fspid tYg;gL-j;Jjy; vd;gtw;wpid Kjd;ikahd Nehf;fhf nfhz;L kdpj cupikfspidg; ghJfhj;jy; kw;Wk; Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd Njrpa nraw;wpl;l-j;ij (2017-2021) [NHRAP] 2017 xf;Nlhgupy; murhq;fk; mwpKfg;gLj;jpaJ. ,J Fwpg;gpl;l Nehf;fq;fisAk; mtw;iw nraw;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jpl;lq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpAs;sJ. rkj;Jtk;>
tha;g;Gf;fspid mZFtjw;fhd rkj;Jt tha;g;G-f;fs;> kw;Wk; xUtUila r%f>nghUshjhu> Fbapay;> murpay; cupikfis mDgtpg;g-jw;fhd Rje;jpuk; vd;gtw;wpid cWjpg;gLj;Jfp-d;wdthd ,tw;Ws;;;> tha;Gfisg; gad;gL-j;Jtjpy; rkkhd cupik> NkhjYld; njhl-h;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) cld; njhlHGila fsq;fk; kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhh;G vd;gtw;wpy; Neubahd jhf;fj;ij nfhz;bUf;Fk; gpd;tUk; ,yf;Ffs; cs;slq;fyhd ,yf;Ffspd; tpupthd njhFg;nghd;W fhzg;gLfp;dwJ.
- ngz;fSf;F ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shFfpd;w ghy;epiy tfpepiyfspid ,y;yhkyh-f;Fjy;.
- ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; cupikfs; ghJfh-f;fg;gLtjhdJk; Fw;wQ; rhl;lg;gl;lth;f-sp;d; nghWg;Gilikapid cWjpg;gLj;-Jfpd;wJkhd ghy;epiy czu;TG+u;tkhd ePjpf; fl;likg;ig cUthf;fy;.
- gy;Jiwj; jiyaPLfspd; cjtpAld; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; ngz;Foe;ijfSf;F Vw;gLk; td;Kiwfis Fiwj;jy;.
- ngz; jiyikj;Jt FLk;gq;fspd; jiytpfs; (FHH) cs;slq;fyhf Aj;jj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd; eyd;fisg; ghJfhj;jy;.
- fhzky; Nghdtu;fSf;fhd nghWg;Gf; $wy; kw;Wk; mtu;fspd; FLk;g mq;fj;-jtu;fSf;Fkhd jPu;it toq;Fjy; vd;g-dtw;Wld; njhlh;ghd mur nghWg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
- ngz; jiyikj;Jt FLk;gq;fspd; ji-ytpfs; (FHH) cl;gl Nghupdhy; gh-jpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fSf;F vjpuhf ghypay; Ruz;ly; kw;Wk; td;Kiwfis if-ahs;tjw;fhd MszpapdiuAk; epWt-dg; nghwpKiwapidAk; tYg;gLj;Jjy;.
- epiykWfhy ePjpr;nrad;Kiwapy; Kuz;ghLfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
- ,uhZtf; fztiu ,oe;j ngz;fSf;F Ntiytha;Gfis ngw;Wf;nfhLj;jy;
- Kd;dhs; ngz; Nghuspfis kPz;Lk; ,izj;Jf; nfhs;sy;
- kPs;FbNaw;wk; njhlu;ghd Njrpa nfhs;iffis toq;fp ghypay; Njit-fis G+u;j;jp nra;jy;.
- cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngah;e;jth;fspd; ghy;epiy rhh; NjitfSf;F gjpyspf;Fk; tifapy; nfhs;iffSk; MjuTf-Sk; fhzg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; cs;ehl;by; ,lk; ngah;e;-jth;fSldhd MNyhridfSld; ePz;l fhykhd ,lk;ngah;T gpur;rpidia if-ahs;tjw;fhd kPs;tUif> kPs;FbNaw;wk;> kWtho ;T kw ;Wk ; k Pl;G njhlh ;ghd Njr pa
nfhs;ifapid cUthf;Fjy;.
4
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
4. ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
midj;j tifahd
ghugl;rq;fisAk;
,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd
rkthak; (CEDAW) ,Dila nghJthd
gupe;Jiufs;
ngz;fSf;fhd ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; rkhjhdk;
vd;git ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tifahd
ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd
rkthaj;jpDila (CEDAW) fl;likg;gpDs;Sk; ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; epfo;r;rp epuypYk; Kf;fpa
ghfkhf miktNjhL> ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd
midj;J tifahd ghugl;rq;fisAk;
,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd rkthaj;jpd; (CEDAW) Nkhjy; jLg;G> Nkhjy; kw;Wk; Nkhjypd; gpd;duhd
#oypy; ngz;fs; vd;wjhd nghJthd gupe;Jiu
,y 30 ,Yk; kw;Wk; ngz;fspd; ePjpf;fhd
mZfy; vd;wjhd nghJthd gupe;Jiu 33 ,Yk;
Nkhjypd; gpd;dzpapy; cs;s ngz;fspd; epiy
tpupthf Muhag;gl;Ls;sJ.
4.1 nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y. 30
nghJthd gupe;Jiuahd ,y.30 MdJ Nkhjypd;
jhf;fj;ijAk; Nkhjy; jLg;G Kaw;rpfs;> Nkhjypd;
gpd;duhd epiykhw;wk;> kPs;fl;Lkhd nrad;Kiw
vd;gtw;wpypUe;J ngz;fs; ntspafw;wg;gLtjdhy;
Vw;gLfpd;w jhf;fk; vd;gtw;wpid Vw;W
mq;fPfupg;gJld; ghy;epiy rkj;Jtj;ij
Kd;ndLg;gjw;F xUq;fpize;J Kaw;rpfis
vLg;gjd; %yk; ngz;fspd; cupikfspid
midj;J Neuq;fspYk; ghJfhf;fg;gLtjidAk;
typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. mur nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspdhy;
,iof;fg;gl;l ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpy;
nghWg;Gf; $wypid Nkk;gLj;Jk; mNjNtisapy;
rkthaj;jpd; fPo; ngz;fspd; cupikfisg;
ghjpf;fpd;w jdpegu;fspd; my;yJ jdpahu;
epWtdq;fspd; eltbf;iffis jFe;j
rpuj;ijAld; jLj;jy;> tprhupj;jy;> jz;bj;jy;>
ghy;epiy rhu;e;j tfpghfq;fs;>
fsq;fk;> jPq;F tpistpf;f$ba Mzhjpf;f
fyhr;rhu newpKiwfs; kw;Wk; Fwpg;ghfg;
ngz;fis ghjpf;fpd;w ghy;epiy td;Kiw
vd;gtw;wpdbg;gilapyhd ngz;fSf;F
vjpuhd ghFghlhdJ Mz;fSf;F ,izahf
ngz;fs; ePjpapid mZFtjw;fhd
mth;fspd; Mw;wypid ghjpf;fpd;wJ.
nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y 33> ge;jp 8
kw;Wk; gupfhukspj;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; Clhf
ghJfhg;gjw;fhd flikapd; fPo; mur rhu;gw;w
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspid xOq;FgLj;jypidAk;
mit Nfhup epw;fpd;wd. nghJthd gupe;JiuahdJ
Nkhjypy; Nghjhd ghypay; td;Kiw vd;gJ
Kuz;ghl;bd; Kbtpy; KbTWj;jg;gl Ntz;ba
mtrpakpy;yhj jd;ikAila ghFghl;by;
cau;e;j tbtKs;s xd;W vd;gjid xg;Gf;
nfhs;fpwJ. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapd; fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisTfis
vLj;Jf; $Wk; tifapy; 38 MtJ ge;jpapy;
fPo;tUk; gupe;Jiufs; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
(m) rl;lk;> nfhs;if kw;Wk; newpKiwfs;
vd;gtw;wpd; %ykhdit cs;slq;fyhf
muR kw;Wk; mur rhu;gw;w
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspdhy; Gupag;gl;l
ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfs;
midj;ijAk; jil nra;jy;.
(M) Fwpg;ghf mur kw;Wk; mur rhu;gw;w
nraw;ghl;lhsu;fspdhy; Gupag;gl;l ghypay;
td;Kiwfs; cs;slq;fyhf midj;J
tifahd ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd
td;KiwfisAk; jLj;jy;> tprhuiz
nra;jy;> kw;Wk; jz;lid nfhLj;jy;
vd;gtw;Wld; Kw;wpYk; rfpg;Gj;jd;ikaw;w
nfhs;ifnahd;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
(,) ngz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWkpahpd; ePjpf;fhd
mZfiy cWjpg;gLj;jy;@ ghypay; kw;Wk;
ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfis
vjpu;nfhs;s ghy;epiy czu;jpwdhd
tprhuiz eilKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wy;@
ghy;epiy $Uzu;Tkpf;f gapw;rpfis
elhj;JtNjhL rkhjhd fhg;ghsu;fs;
cs;slq;fyhf nghyp];> kw;Wk;
,uhZtj;jpdUf;fhd elj;ijf; Nfhit
kw;Wk; newpKiwfisg; gpd;gw;wy;@
RahjPdk;> ghugl;rkw;w jd;ik kw;Wk;
xUikg;ghl;il cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
epiykhWfhy ePjp mikg;gpd; gpd;dzpapy;
ePjpj;Jiwapd; jpwid cUthf;Fjy;.
( tpupthd kUj;Jt
5
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
rpfpr;ir> cs MNuhf;fpak;> cstpay;
MjuT vd;gtw;iw toq;Ftjw;F NghJkhd
tsq;fis xJf;fPL nra;jy; kw;Wk;
gaDs;s eltbf;iffisAk; vLj;jy;.
(C) ghypay; td;Kiwfspdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fSf;F kUj;Jt> rl;l
kw;Wk; cstpay;> r%f Nritfis
toq;Fk; xNu ,lj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s $ba
epiyaq;fs; cl;gl> nghUshjhu kw;Wk;
r%f Nkk;ghl;bw;fhd cldb cjtpfs;>
kWtho;T kw;Wk; elkhLk; Nritfs;
vd;gtw;iw ,izf;Fk; gy;Nehf;F r%f
ikaq;fisAk;> ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd
td;Kiw kPjhd Nrit toq;Feu;fisAk;
ghJfhg;G nraw;ghl;lhsu;fisAk;
,izg;gjw;fhd epiyahd ,af;f
eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; gupe;Jiug; ghijfs;
vd;gtw;iw cUthf;FjYk;> gug;GjYk;.
(v) ghypay; td;Kiw fhuzkhf
,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuj;jpy; rpWkpfs;
kw;Wk; ngz;fSf;F Vw;gl;l jhf;fk;
cs;slq;fyhf> td;Kiwf;F cl;gl;l
ngz;fspd; jdpj;Jtkhd Njitfis
epiwT nra;tjw;F Njitahd tsq;fis
xJf;fPL nra;jy; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g
epGzj;Jtj;jpy; KjyPL nra;jy;.
(V) ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiw
kw;Wk; vr;.I.tpf;fhd jLg;G kw;Wk;
gjpyspg;Gf;fis xUq;fpizj;jy;.
Nghupd; gpd;dzpapy; kdpj cupikfs;
kPwg;gl;L mjdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F
ePjp toq;Ftjw;fhd #oiy cUthf;FjYk;>
trjpaspj;jYk; mur fl;rpf;fhuu;fs; midtuJk;
flik vd;gij nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y 30
Vw;W mq;fPfhpf;fpd;wJ. ghy;epiy $Uzu;Tkpf;f;
kw;Wk; ghy;epiy rkepiy vd;gtw;iwAilajhd
epiykhWfhy ePjpf;fhd tpupthd mZFKiw@
jz;lidfspypUe;J jg;Gtij vjpu;j;J Fw;wtpay;
nghWg;Gilikfis Nkk;gLj;jy;@ ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fs; kPz;Lk; ghjpf;fg;gly; kw;Wk;
rPuoptpw;F cl;gLtijj; jLf;Fk; tifapyhd
rl;lk; kw;Wk; eilKiwfisf; nfhz;l mikg;G
Kjyhdtw;iw mur jug;gpdu; cWjpg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk; vd 80MtJ ge;jpapy; gupe;Jiu
nra;ag;gLfpd;wJ. ngz;fSila NjitfisAk;>
kPwy;fspd; jd;ikiaAk; fUj;jpw;nfhz;L
rl;luPjpahd cjtp kw;Wk; rupahd Neuj;jpy;
gaDs;s epthuzq;fs; vd;gtw;iw toq;Ftjd;
%yk; ngz;fSila ePjpf;fhd mZfiy
mjpfupf;f nra;AkhW mur jug;gpdiuf;
mt;Ntw;ghL NfhUfpd;wJ.
4.2 nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y. 33
nghJthd gupe;Jiu ,y. 33 MdJ RahjPdkhd>
ghugl;rkw;w> ek;gfkhd> mZff;$ba ePjp
mikg;gpd; cUthf;fj;jpd; %yk; ngz;fis
tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd gy;NtW gupe;Jiufis
toq;FtNjhL ePjpf;fhd mZfypidAk;;
tpupTgLj;JfpwJ. ,g; gupe;JiuahdJ nghJthf
ngz;fs;> mtu;fspd; ePjpf;fhd mZfy;
cupikiaj; jLf;fpd;w tpjj;jpy; ghFgLj;Jk;
rl;lq;fs;> ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffs;> ghFghL my;yJ
$l;Lg;ghFghL> eltbKiw kw;Wk; rhd;whjhuj;
Njitg;ghLfs;> mZf Kbahj ePjpf; fl;likg;G
Kjyhd jilfSf;F Kfq;nfhLg;gjhf
vLj;Jf;$WfpwJ.
nghJg; gupe;Jiu MW rhu;Gepiyf; $Wfis
cs;slf;fp ,Ug;gjhf milahsq;fhl;LfpwJ.
ePjpj;jpwDilik (jilapd;wpa ePjp mZfy;
kw;Wk;; ePjpia mZFtjw;fhf ngz;fspid
tYg;gLj;jy;;)> fpilf;ff;$ba jd;ik (fpuhk
kw;Wk; efu;g;Gwq;fspy; ePjpkd;wq;fs; kw;Wk;
ePjpaikg;Gf;fs;)> mZff;$ba jd;ik (Fiwe;j
tpiyapy; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $bajhfTk;
mZff;$ba tifapy; ngz;fspd; NjitfSf;F
Vw;wjhf ,Uf;Fk;; ePjpaikg;G)> jukhd
jd;ik (ru;tNjr juepiyfs;> RahjPdk;
kw;Wk; ghugl;rkw;w jd;ik Mfpatw;iw
nfhz;bUf;ff;$baJk; ghy;epiy $Uzu;Tkpf;f
kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;G fl;likg;gpy; cs;stw;Wf;F
tpidj;jpwdhd epthuzq;fis toq;ff;$baJkhd
ePjpKiwikapidf; nfhz;bUj;jy;)>
epthuzq;fis toq;fy; (rhj;jpakhd ghJfhg;G
kw;Wk; mu;j;jKs;s epthuzj;jpid ngw
ngz;fSf;F cjTjy;;)> nghWg;Gf;$wy;
(ePjpKiwikapd; nraw;ghl;ilf; fz;fhzpj;jy;)
Mfpad mr; rhh;Gepiyf; $Wfshf mikfpd;wd.
ePjpapid mZFtjpy; rkj;Jtk;> RahjPdk;>
ghugl;rkpd;ik> Neu;ik kw;Wk; ePjpj;Jiwapd;
ek;gfj;jd;ik vd;gtw;iw cWjpnra;tjw;F
nraw;FOthdJ gy;NtW gupe;Jiufis
Kd;itf;fpd;wJ. ,J cah;njhopw;gz;gl;ltu;fs;
ghy;epiy $Uzu;T uPjpapy; tof;Ffisf;
ifahsf;$ba ePjp mikg;G xd;W cUthf
Ntz;Lk; vd;gijAk; ePjp mikg;gpd; nraw;ghL
rupahf cs;snjd cWjpg;gLj;j Nkw;ghu;it
mikg;igAk; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;
vd;gijAk; typAWj;JfpwJ. jug;gpdu;fSf;fpilNa
rkj;Jtj;ij cWjpnra;Ak; tifapy;
fbdkhdtjpfisj; jpUj;jy;> njspthd tpjpfs;>
tprhuizfs; kw;Wk; Vida rl;l kw;Wk; kUtpa
ePjpj;Jiw eilKiwfs; ghugl;rkw;wit vd;gij
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; nghwpKiwfis
eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> ghypd Kuz;ghLfs; my;yJ
Kd; ePjpgjpfspd; jhf;fk; ,y;yhJ ,Uj;jy; vd;gd
6
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
ngz;fSf;F epahakhd ePjp toq;Ftjw;fhd
cj;juthjkhFk;.
nraw;FOthdJ cupikfs; kPwg;gl;l ngz;fs;
NkYk; NkYk; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs; vd;gijf; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;tJld; mjd; epkpj;jkhf eltbf;iffspd;
NghJk;> gpd;dUk; mr;RWj;jy;fs;> Jd;GWj;jy;fs;>
ghypay; td;Kiw kw;Wk; ew;ngaUf;fhd fsq;fk;
vd;gtw;Wnfjpuhf ngz;fspd; Kiwg;ghLfs;>
rhl;rpfs;> gpujpthjpfs; vd;gtw;iw mur jug;gpdu;
ghJfhg;gNjhL mtu;fspd; jdpAupikia my;yJ
me;juq;fj;jpw;fhd chpikia ghJfhg;gjw;fhd
eltbf;iffis vLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mur
fl;rpf;fhuh;fspidf; NfhUfpd;wJ.
Nkhjypd; Nghjhd ghypay; td;KiwahdJ
ngz;fis gy topfspy; fsq;fg;gLj;JtNjhL
mtu;fs; jq;fSf;F mtrpakhd Nritfis
mZFtijj; jil nra;fpd;wJ. ,jd; fhuzkhf
xU ngz; ePjpj;Jiwia mZFtjw;fhf flf;f
Ntz;ba gbKiwfisf; Fiwf;Fk; tifapy;
rl;l kw;Wk; r%f Nritfs; tupirapid
cs;slf;fpa ePjp mZfy; ikaq;fis
nraw;FOthdJ gupe;Jiu nra;fpd;wJ.
nraw;FOthdJ epWtd uPjpahd rPu;jpUj;jq;fis
mKy;gLj;jy;> ghFghl;Lr; rl;lq;fis ePf;Fjy;>
ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; juhjuq;fSf;Nfw;g
rl;lq;fis toq;Fjy;> NkhjYld; ,ize;j
ghypay; td;Kiw tof;Ffs; njhlu;ghf epthuzk;
toq;Ftjw;fhd eltbf;iffisj; jPu;khdpj;jy;
Kjyhd nraw;ghLfis mur fl;rpf;fhuh;fs;
Kd;ndLf;f Ntz;Lk; vdf; $WfpwJ.
ngz;fspd; cupikfis epiwNtw;Wtjpy;
tpisit Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w epu;thf mikg;GfspdJk;
ePjp KiwikfspdJk; RahjPdk; kw;Wk; jpwdha;T
Mfpatw;iw Ma;T nra;tjw;F NghJkhd
tpidj;jpwdhd El;gk; mikf;fg;gltpy;iynadpy;
ePjpf;fhd mZfiy ePz;l fhyj;jpy; cWjp
nra;a KbahJ.
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhf kiwKfkhfNth>
ntspg;gilahfNth ghFghl;ilf; fhl;Lfpd;w
rl;lq;fs;> elgbKiwfs; xOq;FKiwfs;
tof;fhWfs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfis ePf;fhtpby;
rl;lj;jpd; Kd; rkj;Jtf; nfhs;ifia
eilKiwg;gLj;j KbahJ NghtJld; ePjpia
mZFtjw;fhd ngz;fs; cupikfspy;
jLkhw;wj;jpidAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; vd nghJthd
gupe;Jiu ,y 33. MdJ ,dq;fhz;fpd;wJ.
r%fj;jpy; kiwe;jpUf;Fk; ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffs;
kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;Gfs; vd;gd ePjp mikg;nghd;wpDs;
CLUtf;$ba rhj;jpaf;$Wfisf; nfhz;Ls;sd.
ghy;epiy njhlh;gpyhd Kd;$l;ba
fUj;Njw;Gf;fSk; ghu;itf; Nfhzq;fSk;
NkhjYld; ,ize;jjhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu; ePjpkd;wj;jpd;
Kd; ePjp NfhUk; NghJ me;j egiu ePjpgjpfs;>
tof;fwpQu;fs;> rl;l mKyhf;fy; mjpfhupfs;
MfpNahu; Nehf;Ffpd;w kdepiyAk; fpuhk kspif
filapy;> ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtiu Nfyp
nra;fpd;w xU egUila kdepiyAk; xNu khjpupahf
,Ug;gjw;F fhuzkhfpd;wd. nraw;FOthdJ
Kuz;ghLfs; kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;Gfspdhy; Vw;gLk;
tpisTfs; kPjhd tpopg;Gzu;Tfis mjpfupj;jy;>
jpwid tsu;j;jy;> fy;tp vd;gtw;Wf;F mjpf
Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;fpwJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fspd; md;whl tho;tpy;
jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; KbTfis vLf;fpd;w gy
mur kw;Wk; mur rhu;gw;w nraw;ghl;lhsu;fSf;Fk;>
nghJkf;fSf;Fk; fy;tpawpit toq;Ftjw;F
gaDs;s topKiwfis mur jug;gpdu; Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;Lk; vdTk; mf;FO NfhUfpd;wJ>
,J Nghd;w tplaq;fshy; ehk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fshf cs;s
NghJk; Fw;wthspfisg; Nghd;Nw
elhj;jg;gLfpd;Nwhk;. vq;fSf;F
,iof;fg;gl;lit Fw;wq;fshFk;. ,J
epahakw;wJ. ,J khw;wg;gl Ntz;baJ.
rKjhaj;jpy; ,ay;ghd tho;f;if ehk;
tho;tjw;fhd Mw;wypidf; nfhz;bUf;f
Ntz;Lk;. ehq;fs; Fw;wthspfs; ,y;iy
vd;gjhy; rKjhaj;jpy; kjpf;fg;gLgth;fshf
,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. rKjhaj;jpd; ,e;j
kdg;Nghf;F khw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
mDuhjGuj;jpy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;j rpq;fstu;
7
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
r%fNkh> fyhr;rhuNkh> rkaNkh
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F ve;jtpj cjtpAk;
Gupakhl;lh. mtu;fs; vg;NghJk; ngz;fisf;
Fiw $WtNjhL ngz;fis mOj;jj;jpw;F
cl;gLj;Jfpd;whh;fs;. ngz;fs; ,t;thW gy
gpur;rpidfis vjpu;Nehf;Ffpwhu;fs;.
fpspnehr;rpapy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;j jkpou;
5. NkhjYld; njhlu;Gila
ghypay; td;Kiwapd;
fsq;fj;jpid
milahsg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd
gf;fr; rhh;G njhlh;ghd
topfhl;bfs;
NkhjYld; njhlu;Gila ghypay; td;KiwAld;
njhlu;Gila fsq;fk; xU ePbj;J ,Uf;fpd;w
my;yJ tho;f;iff;F mr;RWj;Jk; rpf;fyhf
cs;s NghJk; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fspw;Fk; mtu;fsJ
FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; vjpuhf fsq;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;w
fhuzq;fisAk; tpisTfisAk; nfhs;if
tFg;ghsu;fs; mtu;fsJ xUq;fpize;j Kaw;rpahy;
Kd;itg;ghu;fNsahdhy; fsq;fj;ijj; jtpu;f;ff;
$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;KiwAld; ,ize;j fsq;fj;ijj;
jLg;gJk; mJgw;wp ciuahw;WtJkhd
cyfshtpa eltbf;iffSf;fhd Nfhl;ghLfs;>
fsq;fkhdJ ghy;epiy milahsk;> r%fj;jpd;
cWjpaw;wjd;ik> fyhr;rhuk;> mjpfhuk; kw;Wk;
r%f Vw;wj;jho;Tfspdhy; njhlu;r;rpahf
Vw;gLfpwJ vd fz;lwpe;Js;sJ. ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;gpioj;jth;fis ikag;gLj;jpajhd
gupe;Jiufs; kw;Wk; tpupthd topfhl;Ljy;fshdit
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;KiwAld;
,ize;jjhd fsq;fj;jpid KbTWj;Jtjw;fhd
topfisAk;> NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu;fis
kPl;nlLg;gjw;fhd topKiwfisAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fs;> nfhs;if tFg;ghsu;fs;>
gapw;rpahsu;fs; kw;Wk; Vida rk;ge;jg;gl;l
jug;gpdu;fSf;F vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;KiwAld;
,ize;jjhd fsq;fj;jpw;F gjpyspf;fTk; jLf;fTk;
Kd;nkhopag;gl;Ls;s eltbf;iffshdit mf;
fsq;fq;fspd; tpisthf ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
gpioj;jth;fSf;F vjpuhf fhzg;gLfpd;w gf;fr;
rhh;G njhlh;gpy; ftdnkLf;f Ntz;baJ kpf
ehd; cwq;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j NghJ ehd;F
Mz;fs; vd; tPl;bw;Fs; te;J njhilapNy
fps;sp vd;id tpopf;fr; nra;j NghJ Vw;gl;l
czu;Tfis vd;dhy; xUNghJk; tpsf;f
KbahJ. vd; mDkjpapd;wp vdf;F mepahak;
Vw;gl;lJ NghJk; r%fKk; fyhr;rhuKk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;Fupa ePjpia Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;
jtWfpd;wd. vdJ maytu;fspd; ghu;itapy;
ehd; fsq;fkile;j tLTs;s eguhfNt
,Uf;fpNwd;
tlf;fpy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;j jkpou;.
Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. nghWg;ghf ghugl;rkw;w
jd;ikNahL RahjPdkhf nray;gLtjw;F gy
rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdiu Cf;fg;gLj;JtJk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu;fisAk; mtu;fsJ
FLk;gq;fisAk; r%fj;jpy; rkkhf gq;nfLf;f
itg;gJk; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;KiwAld; njhlu;GgLfpd;w gf;fr;rhu;G
topfhl;Ljy;fspd; Nehf;fkhFk;.
5.1 gupe;Jiufs;
r%fj;jpYs;s NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fspd; mjpfsthd gq;fspg;gpw;F
topnra;aTk;; mtu;fs; jq;fSila
nghUshjhu> r%f> Fbapay; murpay;
kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu cupikfisf; Rje;jpukhf
mDgtpf;fr; nra;tjw;fhfTk; gpd;tUk;
gupe;Jiufshdit cupikfs; mbg;gilapyhd
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspid ikag;gLj;jpa tpupthd
mZFKiwfspd; ghfnkhd;whf nghUj;jkhd
mf;fiwAilNahupdhy; mKy;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.
1. gq;FjhuHfspd; xj;Jiog;G - NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu;gpioj;jtu;fspd;
cupik kw;Wk; tho;f;if gw;wpa
tplaq;fspYk;; gf;fr;rhu;gpid
Fiwg;gjw;fhd epWtd rPu;jpUj;jq;fs;
gw;wpa tplaq;fspYk; gy;NtWgl;l
rk;ge;jg;gl;l jug;gpdu;fSf;fpilNa
Ngr;Rthu;j;ijia Cf;Ftpf;f
Ntz;Lk;. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fSf;F vjpuhd ghy;epiy
mbg;gilapyhd ghFghLfSf;F
Cf;fkspf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik kw;Wk;
newpKiwfis cs;slf;fpa #oiy
khw;wpaikj;jy;.
2. rl;lk; kw;Wk; nfhs;if rPHjpUj;jk;:
- NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
8
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fSf;F vjpuhd
ghFghL kw;Wk; gf;fr;rhu;G vd;gtw;iw
jtpu;f;Fk; Kfkhf nghUsstpyhd
kw;Wk; eilKiwr; rl;lq;fis
jpUj;Jjy;. NkYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;gpioj;jtu;fSld; njhlu;Gila
rl;lkhdJ ,yq;ifapd; rHtNjr
rl;luPjpahd flg;ghLfSf;F ,zq;f
cs;sJ vd cWjpg;gLj;jy;. jdpegHfspd;
cz;ikfisg; gpujpgypf;fpd;w Gydha;T
kw;Wk; Ma;Tfspid mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;L rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffis
rPu;jpUj;j Ntz;Lk;.
3. fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rp: tpupthd kw;Wk;
mu;j;jKs;s gapw;rp kw;Wk; jpwidf;
fl;bnaOg;Gk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fsp;d;
%ykhf r%fj;jpDs; Mokhf CLUtp
kiwe;jpUf;Fk; ghugl;rj;ij eptu;j;jp
nra;tjw;fhd topKiwfis toq;Fjy;.
gpd;tUk; gFjpfspy; ,dq;fhzg;gLk;
Jiwfs; xt;nthd;wpYk; ,t;thwhd
tpopg;Gzh;tpid Vw;gLj;JtjhdJ
capu;jg;gpatu;fs; tho;ehspd; Nghjhd
kWtho;T kw;Wk; kPl;G eltbf;iffspd;
NghJ Fiwe;j mstpyhd my;yJ
ghugl;rkpd;ikapid vjpu;nfhs;tjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F mtrpakhFk;.
4. epjp kw;Wk; tsq;fs;: ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;jg;gpatu;fspdhy; vjph;Nehf;fg;gLk;
ghugl;rj;jpid jtpu;g;gjid
Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;L nfhs;iffis
mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F mf;fiwAilNahUf;F
Njitahd tsq;fisAk; epjpiaAk;
toq;Fjy;.
5. nghWg;Gf; $WjYk; Nkw;ghh;itAk;:
mf;fiwAilANahh; csg;g+h;tkhfTk;
ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; jq;fSila
flikfisr; nra;tjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jfpd;w tifapy; nghWg;Gf;
$Wjy; kw;Wk; ntspg;gilj;jd;ikf;fhd
RahjPdkhd Nkw;ghh;it nghwpKiwapid
cUthf;Fjy;.
6. ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fspd;
tho;tpid tpUj;jp nra;jy;:
ngz;fSila Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk;
nghUshjhu> r%f mjpfhuj;jpid
mjpfhpf;fr; nra;Ak; Mw;wYiladthd
Ez;epjpepfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs;> kw;Wk; fy;tp/njhopy;Kiw> njhopEl;g> tho;thjhu
gapw;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; cs;slq;fyhd
ek;gfkhd Kaw;rpfSf;F MjuT
toq;Fjy;. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph; tho;gth;fSld; ,ize;J
gzpahw;Wfpd;w jdpegh;fs; kw;Wk;
epWtdq;fSf;F FWfpa fhy kw;Wk;
ePz;l fhy Mjutpid toq;Fjy;.
7. ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fis
ikag;gLj;jpajhd MjuT
tiyaikg;Gf;fs;: ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
tho;gth;fs; mth;fspd; tho;f;if
mDgtq;fspid gfpu;tjw;fhd
fsq;fj;jpid cUthf;Ffpd;w cs;Sh;
kw;Wk; Njrpa tiyg;gpd;dy;fis
Cf;Ftpj;jy;. jd;Dilajid
xj;jkhjpupahd tpjpapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l
Vidath;fs; cs;sdh; vd;gjid
njupe;J nfhs;tjd; %yk; NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fs;
jq;fSf;F vjpuhf fhz;gpf;fg;gLfpd;w
gf;fr;rhh;G kw;Wk; fsq;fk; vd;gtw;wpid
ifahs;tjw;fhd tpUj;jpapid ngw;Wf;
nfhs;syhk;.
8. tUKd; jLj;jy;: NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; tho;gth;fSf;F
vjpuhd gf;fr;rhh;gpid Njhw;Wtpf;Fk;
fhuzpfisAk; Nkyjpfkhd td;Kiw
kw;Wk; ghugl;rj;jpw;F Mshff; $ba
nefpo;thdth;fspd;; mf;fiwfs;
ghJfhg;gLtjidAk; ifahs;tjw;fhd
xUq;fpize;j Kaw;rpfs;
vLf;fg;gLtjid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
9. tpopg;Gzh;T: NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph; tho;gth;fspd; kPJ jhf;fj;jpid
Vw;gLj;jf; $ba mf;fiw nfhz;Nlhh;
midtiuAk; nrd;wilaf; $bajhd
tifapy; midtiuAk; cs;slf;fpa
r%fq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;fhd
r%fg; nghWg;Gld; njhlh;Gila
gue;Jgl;l fye;Jiuahly;fisAk;
Kbe;jsT mjpfkhd fsq;fisg;
gad;gLj;jp ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffis
rthYf;Fl;gLj;JjypidAk; Cf;Ftpj;jy;.
9
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
fl;likg;G uPjpapyhd jiyaPLfshdit
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthhpd;
gf;fr;rhh;gpid gpd;tUk; fl;likg;Gfspw;Fs;
vjph;g;gjid Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sd: murpay;
kw;Wk; epUthfr; #oy;> rl;l kw;Wk; nfhs;if
cUthf;f nrad;Kiwfs;> epiykhWfhy ePjpg;
nghwpKiw> ePjpj;Jiw> rl;l mKyhf;fj;Jld;
njhlh;Gila eilKiwfs;; epakq;fs;> kw;Wk;
nray;Kiwfs; vd;gdthFk;. .
gf;fr;rhh;gpid epiyj;jpUf;fr; nra;fpd;w kjpg;G
Kiwik kw;Wk; ghugl;rg;gLj;Jk; rpe;jid
nrad;Kiw vd;gtw;wpid nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;jp
khw;Wtjpid Nehf;fkhf nfhz;litahf
rptpy; r%fk; kw;Wk; Clfq;fs; vd;gtw;iw
cs;slf;fpa rKjha #o;epiyfspy;
gf;fr;rhh;gpid kWjypg;gitahf rKjha epiy
jiyaPLfshdit mikfpd;wd.
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;gpioj;jth;fspdhy; FLk;g
cWg;gpdh;fs;> rfghbfs;> Nrit toq;Fdh;fs;
kw;Wk; r%f mq;fj;jth;fs; vd;Nghhpd;
kj;jpapy; mDgtpf;fg;gLfpd;w ghugl;rq;fspid
kWjypg;gjpid jdpg;gl;lth;fSf;fpilapyhd
jiyaPLfs; mikfpd;wd.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;gpioj;jth;fspd;
tho;tpy; ngUksthd jhf;fj;jpid Vw;gLj;Jk;
Mw;wYila Ml;fs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fspidNa
,t; topfhl;Ljy;fs; ,yf;fhff; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
5.2 gf;fr; rhh;gpw;F vjph;kiwahd cUg;gbtk;
cyfshtpa eltbf;iff;fhd nfhs;iffs;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;KiwAld;
,ize;jjhd fsq;fj;jpid ifahSjYk;
jLj;jYk; vd;w Mtzj;jpy; Kd;itf;fg;gLfpd;w
fsq;fj;;jpid tpsq;fpf; nfhs;tjw;fhd khjpupahdJ
,t; topfhl;Ljy;fSf;fhd mbj;jskhf
mikfpd;wJ. fl;likg;G ep;iy> rKjha epiy
kw;Wk; jdpegh; epiy Mfpa gbepiyfspy; ,t;
topfhl;Ljy;fs; jiyaPl;bid Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.
,t; topfhl;Ljy;fs; KOikahdJk;
jpl;ltl;lkhdJkhd jd;ikAiladitay;y
vd;gJk; ntWkNd NtWgl;l nraw;ghl;Lf;
fl;lq;fspy; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;gth;fspdhy; mDgtpf;fg;gLfpd;w
gf;fr; rhh;gpid tpidj;jpwdhf vjph;g;gjw;fhd
topKiwfis Kd; itf;fNt tpisfpd;wJ vd;gJ
ftdj;jpy; vLf;fg;gl Ntz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.
Kd;dh; vd;Dila fztUlDk;
gps;isfSlDk; ehd; kfpo;thf tho;e;J
te;Njd;. Nghh;> ,lg;ngah;T kw;Wk; Nghhpd;
jhf;fq;fspd; gpd;dUk; $l vq;fspd;
nrhe;jtplj;jpw;F jpUk;gpr; nry;fpd;Nwhk;
vd;gjpy; ehd; kfpo;tile;jpUe;Njd;.
ehq;fs; kPsf; Fbakh;e;j NghJ ,uhZtk;
njhlh;gpy; rpwpjsT mr;rkile;jpUe;Njhk;.
gae;jjw;fika> vq;fSila
kPs;FbNaw;wj;jpd; ,uz;lhk; ehspypUe;Nj
mth;fs; jq;fspd; nfh^uj;jpid ep&gpj;jdh;.
mjd; gpd;dh; vd;dhy; mikjpapid mila
Kbatpy;iy. mJ vd; tho;tpd; %ykhdJk;
MwhjhJkhd fhakhff; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
tlf;fpy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;thOk; jkpoh;
rk;gtk; ,lk;ngw;w NghJ Muk;gj;;jpy;
nghyp]hh; gpur;rpidfs; vjidAk;
cUthf;ftpy;iy vdpDk; rhd;Wfis
Nrfupf;fj; njhlq;fpaTlDk; ifJ
nra;ag;gl;lth;fs; gpiz Nfhuj;
njhlq;fpaTlDk; mth;fs; nraw;Fog;gk;
milaj; njhlq;fpdh;. fhyk; nry;yr;
nry;y mth;fs; vd;id ntWg;Gld;
mZfj; njhlq;fpdh;. vd;dhy; ehd;F
Fw;wthspfs; %d;W tUlq;fSf;F Nkyhf
rpiwapyilf;fg;gl Nghfpd;whh;fs; vdTk;
,jdhy; ehd; ,UgJ ,yl;rj;jpw;Fk; Nkw;gl;l
gzj;jpidg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sg; Nghfpd;Nwd;
vdTk; fpspnehr;rpapy; gzpf;fkh;j;jg;gl;l jkpo;
Ngrf; $ba rpq;fs nghyp]; mYtynuhUhpdhy;
ehd; itag;gl;Nld;. ehd; gjpyspf;ftpy;iy.
tlf;fpy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;fpd;w jkpoh;
r%fkhdJ ehq;fs; jPa
elj;ijAilath;fs; vdTk; mjd;
epkpj;jkhfNt ghypay; td;Gzh;tpw;F
cl;gLj;jg;gl;Nlhk; vdTk;
epidf;fpd;wJ. ehq;fs; kpfTk; Nkhrkhf
elj;jg;gl;Nlhk;. ghypay; hPjpahf
td;Kiwf;Fl;gLj;jg;gl;lth;fs; vq;fSila
fyhr;rhuj;jpdhy; ntWf;fg;gLfpd;whh;fs;.
ehq;fs; ,e;j r%fj;jpid Nrh;e;jth;fsy;y.
ehq;fs; fyhrhu epfo;Tfspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;F
mDkjpf;fg;gLtjpy;iy. ehd; gy Ngupid
,oe;Js;Nsd;. ehd; mth;fSila
ew;ngaUf;F fsq;fk; Vw;gLj;jp tpl;ljhf
vd;Dila cwtpdh;fs; njhptpf;fpd;wdh;.
ehd; vd;Dila nrhe;j FLk;g
cWg;gpdh;fspdhy; jtwhf elhj;jg;gl;Nld;.
vd;dhy; fpuhkj;jpy; ve;jnthU kjpg;Gkpf;f
,lq;fSf;Fk; Nghf Kbatpy;iy. vdf;F
ve;jnthU r%f me;j];Jk; ,y;iy.
ahUf;Fk; vd;Dld; ,ize;J nra;tjw;F
vJTkpy;iy.
nghyd;dWitapy; trpf;fpd;w ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;fpd;w rpq;fsth;.
10
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
gpd;tUNthh; mt; tiff;Fs; cs;slq;Ffpd;wdh;:
- nghyp]; kw;Wk; ,uhZtj;jpdh;
- kUj;Jt kw;Wk; Rfhjhu
cah;njhopy;GupNthh; my;yJ Mszpapdh;
- rhl;rpahsh;fs; kw;Wk; Kjd;ik
gjpyspg;Nghh;
- rl;lj;juzpfs;> mur tof;Fj;njhLdh;fs;>
ePjpgjpfs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wq;fs;
- murhq;f epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; mjpfhhpfs;
- Nrit toq;Fdh;fs;
- jdpahh; Jiw nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;
- Clfq;fs;
- rptpy; r%fk;
- topghl;blq;fs; kw;Wk; kjj;jiyth;fs;
- FLk;gq;fs;> cwtpdh;fs;> NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthhpd; rfghbfs;.
- NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;NthUld; njhlh;GgLfpd;w
xt;nthU jdpg;gl;lth;fSk; r%fKk;.
5.3 rh;tNjruPjpahd rpwe;j eilKiwfs;
Nkhjypd; NghJ Gupag;gl;l ghypay;
td;KiwAk; mjidj; njhlh;e;J eilngWk;
fsq;fg;gLj;jYk; NkhjYf;Fg; gpe;ija
r%fj;jpdhy; rpwg;ghff; ifahsg;gl Ntz;ba
cyfshtpa cz;iknahd;whFk;. epahak;
toq;fg;gl;lnjd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F
Njitahd NghJkhd eltbf;iffis
mtd; Kjypy; vd;id ghypay;
gyhj;fhuj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jpdhd;. gpd;dh;
vd;id ghypay; gyhj;fhuj;jpw;Fl;gLj;JkhW
jd; ez;gidf; Nfhhpdhd;. mtd; vd;id
cijj;jhd;. vd;id mbj;jhd;. ehd;
kWj;jjpid Nghd;W MnzhUtupid
kWf;Fk; tifapy; ngUik kpFe;jtshf
ngz;nzhUj;jp ,Uf;ff; $lhJ vd mtd;
$wpdhd;. vdf;F mk;kdpjid ed;whfj;
njhpAk;. ehd; vJTk; nra;atpy;iy. ehd;
,Jgw;wp ahUf;Fk; nrhy;y tpUk;gtpy;iy.
mtd; ,uhZtj;jpy; ,Ue;jjpdhy; ehd;
nghyp]pw;Fr; nry;tjw;F tpUk;gtpy;iy.
vdf;Fk; vd; FLk;gj;jpw;Fk; gpd;dhy; mtd;
tUthd; vd ehd; gae;Njd;. ehd; epahak;
Nfhu tpUk;gtpy;iy. ehd; gae;Njd;. ehd;
mtDf;Fk; r%fj;jpw;Fk; gae;Njd;.
nghyd;dWitapy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;fpd;w rpq;fsth;.
rkhjhdj;jpidf; fl;bnaOg;Gk; kw;Wk;
ey;ypzf;fj;jpw;fhd Kaw;rpfs; cWjpnra;a
Ntz;baJld; rpj;jutijapid mDgtpj;j
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthh; mDgtpj;j mjpu;r;rp
kw;Wk; mtkjpg;G vd;gdtw;wpid NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; gpioj;jth;fspid kPz;Lk;
r%fj;jpDs; xUq;fpizg;gjid Nehf;fkhff;
nfhz;l xj;jpirthd> ghy;epiy czh;jpwd;
kpf;fJk; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy rkj;JtKk;
cs;s KiwikapDs; ifahSjy;. Nghupd;
je;jpNuhghankhd;whf ghypay; td;KiwapDila
ghtid mjpfhpj;Js;s epiyapy; [.eh
Kiwik> rh;tNjr ePjpg; nghwpKiwfs; kw;Wk;
mur kw;Wk; mury;yh nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;
vd;Nghhpd; kj;jpapy; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;gpioj;jth;fspdhy; mDgtpf;fg;gLfpd;w
fsq;fk; njhlh;ghd gFjpfs; njhlh;gp;y;
cr;rgl;rkhd mgha mwptpg;Gk; GJg;gpf;fg;gl;l
mf;fiwAk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Nghhpd; my;yJ gaq;futhjj;jpd;
je;jpNuhghankhd;whff; ifahsg;gLfpd;w ghypay;
td;KiwapDila xUq;fpize;j gFjpahf
mtkhdk; kw;Wk; fsq;fk; vd;gd fhzg;gLfpd;wd:
,e;j tifahd Fw;wkhdJ ghjpf;fg;gLgth;fspid
rKjhaj;jpypUe;J tpyf;fp FLk;gq;fs;
kw;Wk; r%fj;jpid gpizj;J itj;Js;s
gpizg;Gf;fspid ghjpf;fpd;wJ vd;gJld;
Fw;wr;rhl;Lld; njhlh;Gila fsq;fkhdJ
Fw;wk; Gupgtupd; ntspg;gilj;jd;ikapNyNa
jq;fpAs;sJ vdTk; If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd;
ghJfhg;Gr; nrayhsh; jd;Dila 2017 Mk; Mz;L
mwpf;ifapy; mtjhdpg;gpid ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whh;.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw
njhlh;gpyhd njhlh;Glik> rthy;fs; kw;Wk;
epWtdg; gjpyspg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;wpid tpsq;fpf;
nfhs;sTk; kw;Wk; fl;lisapLk; mjpfhupfs;>
mYtyh;fs;> ,uhZt ty;Ydh;fs; MfpNahupid
mikjp fhf;Fk; gzpapd; NghJ NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapd;
rthy;fis ifahs;tjw;fhf ,uhZt gpuptpd;
tfpgq;F kw;Wk; nghWg;Gilik njhlh;gpyhd
gzp kw;Wk; cs;slf;fq;fs; njhlh;gpy;
gapw;Wtpf;fTk; [.eh ,Dila mikjpfhf;Fk;
nraw;ghLfSf;fhd jpizf;fsk; my;yJ fs
MjuTj; jpizf;fsk; vd;gjpdhy; tpNrlkhd
gapw;Wtpg;G %yfq;fs; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
Nkyjpfkhf> NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwf;fhd $l;Lg; gjpyspg;gpid
Nkk;gLj;Jk; tifapy; gy tupirahd %Nyhgha
eltbf;iffspid toq;Ffpd;w JUg;Gf;fspid
gq;fspf;fpd;w ehLfSf;fhf If;fpa ehLfspd;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiw
njhlh;ghd tpNrlkhd gapw;Wtpg;G %yfq;fs;
cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
11
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
[.ehtpDila ngz;fs; gpupthdJ NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpy;
ngUksthd gzpapid Kd;ndLg;gJld;
ngUk;ghyhd nfhs;if Mtzq;fs;
kw;Wk; ntspaPLfs; vd;gd ghypay; kw;Wk;
ghy;epiyiaikag;gLj;jpa td;Kiw njhlh;gpy;
rpf;fyhd %y fhuzq;fs; kw;Wk; tpisTfs;
vd;gtw;wpidf; ifahSfpd;wd.
eilKiw> fyhrhu kw;Wk; murpay; jilfs;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fs; / caph;tho;Nthh; kw;Wk; mth;fsp;d; gps;isfs; MfpNahupd; Njitfspid
KftupapLtjw;;fhd Kd;Ndhf;fpa top vd;fpd;w
MtzkhdJ nghUshjhu> murpay;> r%f> fyhrhu
kw;Wk; rka uPjpapyhd jilfspid Gupe;J
nfhs;fpd;w #o;epiyf;Fg; gpuj;jpNafkhdJk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspid ikag;gLj;jpaJkhd
mZFKiwapd; %ykhfNt fsq;fj;jpd;
tpisTfs; ifahsg;gl KbAk; vd;gjid
kPsTk; typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. fsq;fk;> mr;RWj;jy;
gw;wpa gak;> kw;Wk; Njrpa epWtdq;fspd;
kPjhd ek;gpf;ifapd;ik vd;gd cs;slq;fyhd
r%f jilfNs jq;fSila mDgtq;fspid
mwpf;ifapLtjpypUe;J gy ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
gpioj;jth;fspid jLf;fpd;wd. epahaj; njupTfspd;
%ykhf mth;fs; ed;ikaila khl;lhh;fs;
vd;w gaKk; ngUk;ghyhd ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
gpioj;jth;fs; mwpf;ifapLtjidj; jLf;fpd;wJ.
If;fpa ehLfspd; ghJfhg;Gr; rigapd; jPu;khdk;
1325 ,id mKyhf;FtJ kPjhd cyfshtpa
fw;ifahdJ ,yFthf mZff; $ba Nritfspd;
Fiwthd fpilg;gdT> cjtpapidg; ngWjy;
kw;Wk; kjpg;Gld; elhj;jg;gLjy; vd;gtw;wpd;
FiwghL Mfpa gpujhd fhuzq;fspd; epkpj;jNk
Nkhjypyhd td;Kiw njhlh;gpy; ngz;fs;
mwpf;ifapLtjpy;iy vdTk; ,dq;fhz;fp;d;wJ.
Njrpa kw;Wk; rh;tNjr ePjpg; nghwpKiwfs;
kw;Wk;; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;
vd;gth;fSf;fpilapyhd tpidj;jpwdhd
xj;Jiog;gpw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghLfis
Ma;Tf;Fl;gLj;jp NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay;
td;Kiwapid tprhuiz nra;aTk; tof;Fj;
njhlu;tjw;fhd Mjutpid toq;Ftjw;Fkhf
rh;tNjr epAuk;Ngf; Nfhl;ghLfs; mflkpapdhy;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; td;Kiwapid
tof;fpLtjw;fhf rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;
kw;Wk; ePjp topKiwfs; vd;gtw;Wf;fpilapyhd
xj;Jiog;G: topfhl;Lk; nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk;
gupe;Jiufs; vd;w Mtzk; cUthf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ePjpkd;wq;fs; (kw;Wk; ePjpkd;wq;fspypUe;J
RahjPdkhf ,aq;Fk; ,lq;fspy; tof;Fj;
njhLdh;fs;) kw;Wk; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;
MfpNahh; ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; RahjPdkhfTk;
,aq;FtJ kl;Lkd;wp mth;fs; mt;thwhf
nraw;gLtJk; ghh;f;fg;gl Ntz;baJkhd tifapy;
xj;Jiog;gpd; Kf;fpakhdJk; nghJthdJkhd
nfhs;isahf ghugl;rkpd;ik kw;Wk; Rje;jpuk;
vd;gd ghh;f;fg;gLfpd;wJ.
rh;tNjr Fw;wtpay; tprhuizfSf;fhd
epWtdkhdJ jfty; Nrfupg;Nghh;> Nrit
toq;Fdh;fs;> Muha;rpahsh;fs;> vOj;jhsh;fs;
kw;Wk; mwpf;iffspid gpuRhpf;Fk;
gpuRhpg;ghsh;fs; ePjp kw;Wk; rl;l mKyhf;f
mjpfhupfs; KjyhNdhiu ghjpf;ff; $ba
rhj;jpakhd jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; mikg;G uPjpahd
gf;fr;rhh;GfSf;fhd ek;gfkhd mZFKiwfspd;
Clhd tpupthd topfhl;Ljy;fspid toq;Fk;
Mz; gps;isfs; kw;Wk; Mz;fSf;F vjpuhd
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay; kw;Wk;
ghy;epiyia ikag;gLj;jpa td;Kiwapid
tprhupg;gjw;fhd topfhl;Ljy;fs; 2016 ngg;utupapy;
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ.
Nrit toq;Fjypy; ghugl;rj;jpd; tfpgq;fpid
mq;fPfupf;fg;gJld; NkhjYld; njhlHGila
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
tho;NthUf;F guhkhpg;gpid toq;Ffpd;w
kUj;Jt kw;Wk; Rfhjhu cah;njhopyhsh;fs;
kw;Wk; Rfhjhu Nritfs; kw;Wk; epiykhWfhy
ePjp nghwpKiwfSf;F jiyik jhq;Ffpd;w
nfhs;if tFg;ghsh; MfpNahUf;F gad;glf;
$ba topfhl;Ljy;fs; vd;gtw;wpid toq;Ffpd;w
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSf;F
kUj;Jt rl;l cjtpfspid toq;Fgth;fSf;fhd
topfhl;Ljy;fspid rh;tNjr Rfhjhu ];jhgdk;
ntspapl;Ls;sJ.
ghy;epiy kw;Wk;> ghypay; mbg;gilapyhd
td;Kiw njhlu;ghd fsq;fg;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;
gf;frhu;ghd tplaq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLk; topfs;>
milahsg;gLj;jy;; njhlu;ghf gy;NtW tpjkhd
topKiwfs; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
12
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
cfhz;lhtpy; cs;s ngz; ePjpgjpfspd; Njrpa xd;wpak; MdJ ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfs;
my;yJ ghFghLfs; njhlu;ghd tof;FfSf;F ePjpgjpfs; jPu;T fhZk; NghJ ru;tNjrf; fUtpfis
gad;gLj;Jk; jpwid tpUj;jpnra;tjpy; gf;fr;rhu;gpid ,dq;fz;L ghy;epiy $u;Tzu;Tkpf;f jPu;g;Gf;fspid toq;Fk; jpwid
tpUj;jp nra;a Kaw;rpf;fpwJ.
ghy;epiy ePjpf;fhd ngz;fspd; Kaw;rp vDk; mikg;ghdJ ru;tNjr eltbf;iffspd; %yk;
ngz;fSf;fhd ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk;> ghy;epiy ePjp vd;gtw;iw cWjp nra;J nfhs;tJld; rh;tNjr
Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wk; (ICC) ,d; Kw;$l;ba ghy;epiy ePjpiaAk; jdJ eltbf;iffspd; %yk; cWjp nra;J nfhs;fpwJ. NkYk; Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wk; (ICC) ,d; ePjpgjpfs;> tof;fwpQu;fs;> Copau;fs; MfpNahUf;F ghy;epiy uPjpapy; czu;Tg;G+u;tkhd gapw;rpfspid toq;Ftjd; %yk;
ghypay; td;Kiw njhlu;ghd R+o;epiyfspy; Fwpj;j vy;iyapd; cs; ghy;epiy mbg;gilapy;
Kuz;ghLfis jPu;j;jy; kw;Wk; Nkhjy;fSld; njhlu;Gila ghypay; td;Kiw (CRSV) My; ghjpf;fg;gl;L capu; gpioj;jtu;fs; rk;ge;jkhf eLepiyahfTk; Rje;jpukhfTk; jPu;Tfis toq;fy;.
,e;jpahtpy; cs;s ghlrhiyapy; ghy;epiy rkj;Jt ,af;fk; (GEMS) ePz;l fhy r%f ghy;epiy ghj;jpuq;fs;> mtw;wpd; khjpupfSf;F rthy; tpLtjd; %yk; ,sk; gUtj;jpdupd; ghypdk;> td;Kiw
njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfSld; ,iza Kaw;rpf;fpwJ. ,e;j ghy;epiy epfo;r;rpahdJ rkj;Jtkhd
newpKiwfspd; MjuTld; MSik khw;wj;jpid cUthf;Fjiy ghlj;jpl;l Nehf;fkhff;
nfhz;Ls;sJ.
yj;jPd; mnkupf;fhtpd; ghy;epiy uPjpapyhd ngz; nfhiyfs; (ngz; rpRf;nfhiy) gw;wpa tprhuizf;fhd
khjphp xOq;FKiwfs; MdJ ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fspd; my;yJ gpujpthjpfspd; elj;ijfs;> gz;Gfs;
my;yJ ghj;jpuq;fs; vd;gd jtwhd mgpg;gpuhak; my;yJ xNu khjpupahd fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gdtw;why;
ghjpg;gilahj tifapy; eLepiyahd ePjp eltbf;iffis toq;Ftjw;fhf (OHCHR) mgptpUj;jp nra;ag;gl;lJ. epajpfspd; tpupthd gFg;gha;T njhlu;ghd tplaj;jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhupfs;
eLepiyahdJk; tpidj;jpwdhdJk; Md tprhuizfis vt;tpj jhkjKk; ,d;wp fpilf;ff;$ba
midj;J rl;l topKiwfisAk; gad;gLj;jp cz;ikia mwpe;J nfhz;L gpd;dzpj;njhlHG>
gpbg;G> tof;F vd;gtw;iw jPu;khdpg;gij Nehf;fkhfTk; mjd; %yk; tpNrlkhf cj;jpNahfj;ju;fs;
rk;ge;jg;gl;bUg;gpd; midj;J Fw;wthspfSf;Fk; ,Wjp jPu;g;G toq;fy;.
vapl;];> ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; vd;gtw;wpw;fhd Ez; epjpAld; $ba jiyaPL vDk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lk;
(IMAGE) jpl;lk; MdJ njd; Mgpupf;fhtpd; gpd;jq;fpa gpuNjrq;fspy; cs;s tWikf; Nfhl;bw;F fPo; thOk; ngz;fSf;F epjp cjtpAld; $ba fyhrhu ek;gpf;iffs;> vapl;]; (HIV) ,ypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;> ghy;epiy newpKiwfs; gw;wpa mwptpid Nkk;gLj;Jk; mku;Tfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.
ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiwfis jLg;gjw;Fk; mjw;Fg; gjpy; toq;Ftjw;Fkhd cstpay;
uPjpapyhd MjuTj; jpl;lk; (GBV) %yk; UNFPA ck; Neghypd; cs MNuhf;fpak; kw;Wk; MNyhrid toq;Fk; epiyaKk; xd;wpize;J csts r%f Mjutpid toq;Fgtu;fs;pd; jpwid
tpUj;jpnra;jy;> kUj;Jt Nkw;ghu;it toq;fy;> cstpay; kw;Wk; kd MNuhf;fpa Nritfs; kw;Wk;
mjpfk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;fy; Nghd;w eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhz;L tUfpwJ.
fk;Nghbahtpd; ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd td;Kiwfis jLg;gjw;fhd ,uz;lhtJ Njrpa nraw;jpl;lk;
(2014 - 2018) ,dhy; Kjd;ikahd jLg;G> rl;l uPjpahd ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; gy;Jiwrhu; Nritfs;>
rl;l jpl;lq;fspd; cUthf;fKk; mjd; mgptpUj;jpAk;> jifik tpUj;jp kw;Wk; kPs; fz;fhzpg;G>
Fwpg;ghf ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd ghypay; td;Kiwfspd; NghJ Kf;fpaj;Jtkhd gFjpfis kjpg;gPL
nra;jy; Nghd;wd eilngWfpd;wJ. ,jd; nfhs;iffshdJ fy;tp kw;Wk; Clfq;fspd; Clhf
ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; gw;wpa tpopg;Gzu;it Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ftdk; nrYj;JfpwJ.
13
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
5.4 gf;fr;rhu;G gw;wpa
topfhl;ly;fs;;
gf;fr;rhu;G vd;gJ Fwpg;gpl;l xU vz;zj;jpd;
nraw;ghl;bdhy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ. mJ
,ay;ghfNt xUtu; ed;ik vdf; fUJk;
kw;wtu;fSf;F jPq;fhd vz;zr; nraw;ghLfis
mjpfupj;J tpLk;. gf;fr;rhu;ghd vz;zr;
nraw;ghLfis vt;thW ,dq;fz;L nfhs;tJ> ,J
jdpg;gl;l kw;Wk; ngupa mstpy; cs;thq;fg;gly;
vd;gtw;Wld; njhlu;Gilajh? Nghd;wdNt gyu;
tpil NjLfpd;w Nfs;tpfshFk;.
gf;fr;rhu;G vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l cyf ghu;itapd;
ntspg;ghlhf kf;fspd; kdjpy; fhyj;Jld; Nt&d;wp
,Uf;Fk;. ,tw;iw jLg;gjw;Fk;; gjpyspg;gjw;Fk;
kw;Wk; nghJthd ghy;epiy gf;fr;rhu;GfSf;F
rthy; tply; vd;gtw;wpf;Fk; xUkpj;j Kaw;rpfs;
vLf;fg;gLkhapd; ,JNt gjpyb toq;Fk;
xd;whFk;. ,J Nghd;w xU cz;ikahd
mu;g;gzpg;Ng NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpfg;gl;ltu;fSf;F
vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;ghd tplaq;fis vLj;Jiuf;f
tpupthd fl;likg;gpw;Fs; Ntiy nra;gtu;fSf;F
Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,J njhlu;ghf gpd;tUk;
topfhl;ly;fs; tbtikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
1. fl;likg;G uPjpapyhd jiyaPLfs;
m. Nghupd; NghJ NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F epfo;j;jg;gl;l
Fw;wq;fis kWg;gjw;Fg; gjpyhf
mtu;fis ,dq;fz;L nfhz;L rhjfkhd
murpay; nghWg;ig cUthf;Ftjd; %yk;
ghjpg;Gj; jd;ikia ,dq;fhzy;.
M. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy;; ghjpfg;gl;ltu;fSf;F
vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;Gfis
vLj;Jiug;gjw;fhd Njrpa nraw;ghl;Lj;
jpl;lk; xd;wpid my;yJ tpupthd
gy;Jiwrhu; Njrpa nfhs;if
fl;likg;gpid rk;ge;jg;gl;l midj;J
mikr;ru;fs; kw;Wk; gq;Fjhuu;fspd;
vq;fisg; Nghy; ghypay;
td;Kiwfshy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;
vd;d ele;jJ vd;gjid ntspr;rj;jpw;F
nfhz;Lte;J mjw;fhf ePjpiag;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. ,jd; %yk;
,J Nghd;w rk;gtq;fs; ,d;ndhUtUf;F
Vw;glhJ vd;gjid cWjp
nra;Jnfhs;syhk;.
kl;lf;fsg;gpy; trpf;Fk; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;thOk; Mz;
gq;fspg;Gf;fSld; toq;fp mjd; %yk;
FWfpa fhy> ePz;l fhy nghWg;Gf;fis
tpidj;jpwdhd nraw;ghLfSf;fhf
milahsk; fz;Lnfhs;tjpid cWjp
nra;jy;.
,. ngz;fspd; Njitfs; kw;Wk;
ghjpf;fg;glf;$ba r%fk; rhu;ghf
ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; czu;jpwid
tYg;gLj;j murpay;> cau; kl;l
mur epWtdq;fs;> ePjpj;Jiw> rl;l
mKyhf;fk;> MAjg;gil> epiykhWfhy
ePjpr; nrad;Kiwfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy;
ngz;fSf;F rkj;Jtkhd gpujpepjpj;Jtk;
,Ug;gjpid cWjp nra;J nfhs;sy;.
rpq;fsk; kw;Wk; Mq;fpyk; NgRk;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiw ,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F
vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;gpid
ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd midj;J
eltbf;iffisAk; topKiwfisAk;
cWjpnra;J nfhs;stjw;fhf mb
vLj;J itj;jy;. NkYk; Njit
Vw;gbd; ciungau;g;ghsu;fs; kw;Wk;
nkhopngau;g;ghsu;fspid xOq;F
nra;jy;.
c. fl;likg;G uPjpapyhd jiyaPLfs;
MdJ mur epWtdq;fspd; kPjhd
ek;gpf;ifapid cUthf;fy; kw;Wk;
mtw;wpdhy; toq;fg;gLk; Nritfs;
KOtijAk; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs;
Rje;jpukhf mZfp mtu;fSf;F vjpuhf
epfo;j;jg;gl;l Fw;wq;fis Kiwg;ghL
nra;tjw;F Cf;Ftpj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F
NghJkhdjhf cs;sjh vd;gjid cWjp
nra;J nfhs;sy;.
C. fzprkhd Kiwapyhd rl;lq;fs;> ePjpkd;w
eilKiwfs; kw;Wk; kuGfs; vd;gd
ntspg;gilahfNth kiwKfkhfNth
ngz;fSf;F vjpuhd gf;fr;rhu;Gfs;
kw;Wk; ghFghLfs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpwjh
vd;gjpid cWjpnra;J nfhs;sy;.
ghypay; td;Kiwfshy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; rPu;jpUj;jg;gl;L>
Neu;ikahf ghugl;rkpd;wpAk; epajpfSf;F
,zq;fp ,Ufpwhu;fsh vd;gij
cWjpnra;tjw;fhf njhlu;r;rpahf
kjpg;gha;T nra;ag;gLfpwhu;fs;.
v. ghypay; td;Kiw eilngw;w R+oypy;
Rje;jpukhdJk; tpidj;jpwd; $baJkhd
tprhuizfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
ePjpj;Jiwapid cUthf;Ftjd;
%yk; ghypay; td;Kiwahy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSf;F tpNrl rl;lg;
ghJfhg;gpid toq;Fjy;.
V. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
14
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capu;tho;gtu;fSld; njhlu;Ggl;l
rl;lq;fs;> ru;tNjr rl;lG+u;t flg;ghLfs;
kw;Wk; epiykhWfhy ePjpf; fl;likg;G
vd;gdtw;Wld; xOq;FgLj;jg;gl;L
,yq;ifapdhy; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljid
cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
I. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu; kw;Wk; rhl;rp
MfpNahUf;fhd ghJfhg;G njhlu;ghd
rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; Neub tsq;fs;
Nghd;wtw;iw mjpfupj;jy;. kw;Wk;
ek;gfkhd kdpj cupikfs;
mikg;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J my;yJ
,izahJ ghjpf;fg;gl;NlhUf;F FWfpa
fhy my;yJ ePz;l fhy jq;Fkplk;>
ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; Mjutpid toq;Fjy;.
x. Mu;tyu;fSlDk; cs;Su;> Njrpa>
ru;tNjr mikg;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J
my;yJ ,izahJ NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw
,dhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fSld; Ntiy
nra;jiy xOq;FgLj;jy;. ePjpf;fhd
mZfy; kw;Wk; cz;ikahd
juTfspid ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjd; %yk;
rpwe;j nfhs;ifia cUthf;Fjy;
Nghd;wtw;wpw;F cjTjy;.
X. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapd;; nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghd
tprhuizfis KOikahfTk;
Rje;jpukhfTk; gf;fr;rhu;gw;Wk;
tpidj;jpwdhfTk; Nkw;nfhs;s tof;F
tprhuiz nra;Ak; mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk;
rl;l mKyhf;fk; vd;gtw;iw ,izj;J
elj;ij tpjpKiwfs; kw;Wk; tpupthd
topKiwfis toq;Fjy;.
xs. ghjpf;fg;gl;ltupd; rhl;rpak;> Mtz
mwpf;if vd;gdtw;iw ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;
Gupe;Jnfhs;Sk; nkhopapy; my;yJ
ciungau;g;ghsupd; my;yJ
nkhopngau;g;ghsupd; cjtpAld; kpfj;
Jy;ypakhf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F mjidf;
ifahSk; Mz; kw;Wk; ngz; mjpfhupfs;
,UtUk; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;bUg;gjid
cWjp nra;jy;. NkYk; vOjg;gl;l
mwpf;if MdJ Fw;wk; eilngw;w
,lj;jpy; ,Ue;jJ Nghd;w Jy;ypakhd
gpujpgypg;ghf ,Ug;gij cWjpnra;J
nfhs;sy;.
f. epWtdq;fspy; cs;s FOf;fSld;
NrHe;Jk; my;yJ mit jtpu;e;Jk;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiw njhlu;ghd
tof;Ffis tprhuiz nra;jy;
kw;Wk; ghFghLlDk; gf;fr;rhu;GlDk;
$ba tof;Ffis vLj;Jiuj;jy;
Nghd;wtw;iw fz;fhzpf;Fk; nghUl;L
Rje;jpukhd gFg;gha;T MNyhrfu;fs;>
ciungau;g;ghsu;fs;> nkhopngau;ghsu;fs;
kw;Wk; kUj;Jt / cstpay; epGzu;fs; MfpNahu; cs;slq;fyhf jw;fhypfkhd
my;yJ epue;jukhd rpwg;G gpuptpid
];jhgpj;jy;.
fh. Muha;r;rp mYtyu;fs; tprhuiz
nraw;ghLfspd; NghJ NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiw
njhlu;ghd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; Mjhuq;fis
jpul;Lk; nghUl;L Muha;r;rp kw;Wk;
gFg;gha;Tfis Ke;ija Mok; tiu
nfhz;L nry;y jFjptha;e;j jdpegu;fis
gapw;Wtpj;jYk; gzpaku;j;jYk;.
fp. Kiwahd tprhuizfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk;
nghUl;L rpwg;ghf xOq;fikf;fg;gl;l
tpidj;jpwdhd epfo;r;rp jpl;lq;fspd;
%yk; jpwd; tpUj;jp> gapw;rpfs;>
tpopg;Gzu;it mjpfupj;jy; Nghd;wtw;wpy;
Kjyply;. ,e;j epfo;r;rp jpl;lq;fshdJ
ntt;NtWgl;l tpopg;Gzu;T mk;rq;fis
cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e; epfo;r;rp
jpl;lq;fs; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;KiwAld; njhlu;ghd rl;lf;
Nfhl;ghLfs;> Mjhug;gLj;jypd; rl;lk;>
eilKiwfs;> nghUj;jkhd fhuzp
Nghd;wtw;iwAk; ghFghLfsw;w tpjpfs;>
,aw;ifahd ePjp> ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fis
rkkhfTk; kupahijAlDk; elj;Jjy;>
,ufrpaj;jd;ik> ghjpf;fg;gl;ltiu
Neu;fhZk; tpjk; kw;Wk; Neu;fhZk;
gz;G Nghd;wtw;wpidAk; gw;wpa gue;j
Gupjypid mtrpak; toq;f Ntz;Lk;.
ghy;epiy czu;jpwid cUthf;f
gapw;Wtpg;gjd; %yk; ghy;epiy
xw;WikfSf;F rthy;tply; kw;Wk;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapd; gpd;tpisTfs;> khWgl;l
,ay;Gfs;> fhuzq;fs;> msTfspid
gw;wpa gpur;ridfis ntspg;gLj;jy;.
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; / rhl;rpfsplk; ,Ue;J mtu;fspd; NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiw mDgtj;jpid
,yFthf ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf
mYtyu;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;L Nju;r;rp
ngw;wpUj;jy; mtrpakhFk;. mj;Jld;
murpdhy; my;yJ r%fj;jpdhy;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiw tprhuizahdJ
Kw;Wifaplg;gLk; my;yJ vjpu;f;fg;gLk;
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mtw;wpid ifahsTk;
gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;bUj;jy; mtrpakhFk;.
fP. ghypapy; td;Kiwapid Gupjy; my;yJ
Guptjw;F vj;jdpj;jy; kw;Wk; NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fs; njhlh;gpy;
rpwpjsNtDk; ghugl;rk; my;yJ
15
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
gf;fr;rhh;gpidf; fhl;Ljy; vd;gd
njhlh;gpy; mYtyh;fis nghWg;Gf;
$wr; nra;fpd;wjhd epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk;
nghwpKiwfspid toq;Fjy;.
F. ePjpgjpfs;> mur rl;lthjpfs;>
rl;lj;juzpfs;> tof;Fj; njhLg;Nghh;>
IPuu;fs; kw;Wk; ePjpkd;w Copah;fs;
MfpNahUf;F gpuNahfpf;ff; $bajhd
xOf;f eltbf;iff; Nfhit kw;Wk;
tpopg;Gzh;itf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy;
KjyPLfisr; nra;tJld; nghJthf
ngz;fSf;nfjpuhfTk; tpNrlkhf
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;gth;fspdJk; ePjpKiw
gf;fr;rhh;gpid vjph;kiwahf
vjph;nfhs;tjw;F Njitahd
MSikfis tsh;j;njLg;gjw;fhd
epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis fl;bnaOg;GtJld;
gf;fr;rhh;G tof;Ffis ifahs;tjw;F
nghWg;Gf; $wy; nghwpKiwfis
cUthf;Fjy;.
r. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
tho;gth;fs; epkpj;jkhf gf;fr;rhh;G
kw;Wk; ghFghl;bid ,y;yhky;
nra;tjw;fhf jq;fSila flikfis
midj;J gq;FjhuHfSk; nra;tjid
cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd cs;ehl;L
kw;Wk; ntspehl;L tsthsh;fspd;
mq;fj;Jtj;jpid cs;slf;fpajhd
,yq;ifapd; epiykhWfhy ePjp
njhlh;ghd rl;lfj;jpDs; fz;fhzpf;Fk;
nghwpKiwapid fl;bnaOg;Gjy;.
2. rKjha kl;lj;jpyhd jiyaPLfs;
m. nghJthf ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpYk;
Fwpg;ghf NkhjYld; njhlh;Gila
ghypay; td;Kiw njhlh;gpYk;
tof;Ffis mwpf;ifapLtJ njhlh;gpy;
gpujhd Kiwahd Clfq;fs; kPJ
Nfhl;ghl;L newpKiwfs; kw;Wk;
nghWg;Gilik vd;gtw;wpid gpzpf;Fk;
tifapy; tpupthd topfhl;Ljy;fs; kw;Wk;
newpKiwfspid mwpKfg;gLj;Jjy;.
,t; topfhl;Ljy;fshdit NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapid
rhjhuzkhf;Fjy; kw;Wk; gugug;ghf;Fjy;
Nghd;wtw;iwj; jtpu;j;J ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;gth;fspd; tho;it NkYk;
ghjpg;gilar; nra;af; $bajhd
Kf;fpakhd ,lq;fs;> fth;r;rpfukhd
nrhw;nwhlh;fs;> Gifg;glq;fs; kw;Wk;
mth;fspd; rk;kjj;Jld; my;yJ
rk;kjkpd;wp tpupthd jdpg;gl;l jfty;fs;
vd;gtw;wpid gpuRupg;gjidAk; jtph;j;J
cjtp kw;Wk;; epthuzj;jpidg; ngw;Wf;
nfhs;tjw;F rhj;jpakhd topfs;
njhlh;ghd jfty;fis toq;fp
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
tho;gth;fspd; mty epiy kw;Wk; cupik
vd;gd njhlh;gpy; Clf mwpf;iffs;
nghJkf;fspid fy;tpawpt+l;LtjidAk;
czh;jpwd; epiyapid
tsh;j;njLg;gjidAk; toq;Ftjw;fhd
re;jh;g;gj;jpid gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd
vd;gjid cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
M. ngz;fisf; fsq;fg;gLj;Jfpd;wjhd
fLikahd ghypay; td;Kiwf;F
,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wjhd ehshe;j ghypay;>
ghy;epiy ikag;gLj;jpa ghugl;rk;
kw;Wk; Jd;GWj;jy; vd;gd njhlh;gpy;
mjpfsthdth;fs; r%f tiyj;jsq;fspy;
ciuahLtjpid Cf;fg;gLj;Jjy;.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiw apdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;gth;fs; my;yJ NtW VNjDk;
tbtq;fspyhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fis fsq;fg;gLj;Jjy;>
mtkhdg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Md;iydpy;
Nfypf;Fs;shf;Fjy; vd;gtw;wpidj;
jLg;gjw;F Njitahd Neh;kiwahd
eltbf;iffspid vLj;jy;.
,. F w ; w k p i o j ; j t h ; f s p i d
fz;ldj;jpw;Fs;shf;Ftjw;F gjpyhf
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;KiwapDila jd;ik> jdpegh;fs;
kw;Wk; FLk;g mikg;Gf;fspd; kPjhd
mjDila jhf;fk; kw;Wk; mth;fSf;F
MjuT toq;Ftjw;fhd rKjhaj;jpd;
nghWg;Gilik vd;gd njhlh;gpy;
ngUksthdth;fis fy;tpa+l;Lk;
tifapy; tpopg;Gzh;T gpur;rhuq;fs;>
fhw;W topapyhd Mtzg;glq;fs; kw;Wk;
Clfq;fs; %ykhf mwpf;iffspid
xspgug;Gjy; my;yJ ntspapLjy; Nghd;w
Kaw;rpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLtjw;F MjuT
toq;Fjy;.
16
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
c. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiw ,Dila gaq;fukhd jd;ik
kw;Wk; mth;fis r%fj;jpDs; kPsTk;
cs;sPh;f;Fk; tifapy; NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fspidAk;
mth;fspd; md;Gf;Fhpath;fspidAk;
cs;slf;fpajhd #oypid cUthf;f
Ntz;bajd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhlh;gpYk;
rpWth;fs;> ,isQHfs; kw;Wk;
ghlrhiyfs;> gy;fiyf;fofq;fs;>
njhopw;gapw;rp epiyaq;fs;> gzpaplq;fs;
Nghd;wtw;wpy; cs;s taJ te;Njhupid
cz h ; j p w D f ; F s ; s h f ; F t J l d ;
fy;tpa+l;lTk; Njitahd midj;J
eltbf;iffspidAk; vLj;jy;
C. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;KiwAld; njhlh;Gila
tplaq;fs; njhlh;gpy; nghJ kf;fspid
fy;tpa+l;Ltjid Nehf;fkhff
nfhz;L nghUj;jkhd mikr;Rf;fs;>
mur epWtdq;fs;> khfhz kl;l
epWtdq;fs;> cs;Sh; mjpfhu rigfs;>
khtl;lr; nrayhsh;fs; kw;Wk; fpuhk
Nritahsh;fs; vd;Nghh; %ykhf fy;tp
kw;Wk; tpopg;Gzh;t+l;Lk; gpur;rhuq;fspid
Kd;ndLj;jy;. ghjpf;fg;gl;lth;fSld;
gy;NtW NjitfSf;fhf njhlh;G
nfhs;Sfpd;w ,t; mYtyh;fspid
gapw;Wtpf;fTk;; mth;fspd; Mw;wypid
Nkk;gLj;jTk; KjyPLfis
Nkw;nfhs;Sjy;.
v. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiw njhlh;ghd tof;Ffspid
gjptpl;L rl;l eptHj;jpapidg;
ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd toptiffs;
njhlh;gpYk; jdpg;gl;lth;fs;
ghugl;rj;jpw;Fs;shf;fg;gl;l tof;Ffs;
njhlh;gpYk; tpNrlkhf NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fs;
kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; vd;Nghhpd; rl;l
fy;tpawptpid mjpfupg;gjw;fhd
Kaw;rpfSf;F MjuT toq;Fjy;.
V. ghy;epiy rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk;
ghypdq;fSf;fpilapyhd ghugl;rkpd;ik
vd;gd njhlh;gpy; rka jiyth;fspd;
gq;fspg;Gld; kjey;ypzf;f
fye;Jiuahly;fspid Kd;ndLg;gJld;
elg;gjid Cf;fg;gLj;JjYk; Ntz;Lk;.
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;
tho;gth;fspid cs;slf;fpajhf
mth;fSf;F ghJfhg;gspf;Fk;
#oypid toq;Fk; tifapy; rka E}
y;fspid nghUs;Nfhly; nra;Ak;
NghJ cupikfspid ikag;gLj;jpa
mZFKiwapid Kd;ndLj;J
rpe;jidfisj; J}z;lTk; ghugl;r
eltbKiwfspidAk; ghugl;r
eltbf;iffs; kw;Wk; kjpg;G
mikg;Gf;fspid rthYf;Fl;gLj;Jk;
tifapy; Neh;kiwahd jhf;fj;jpid
cUthf;Ftjw;F kjj;jiyth;fs;
jq;fspd; fsq;fspidg; gad;gLj;Jtjpid
Cf;Ftpj;jy;.
3 . j d p g ; g l ; l t h ; fS f ; f p i l a p y h d
jiyaPLfs;
m. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;gth;fs; njhlh;gpyhd
mgptpUj;jpf; nfhs;iffspid
mikr;rh;fSk; cs;Sh; murhq;f
mikg;Gf;fSk; mKyhf;FtjidAk;
mth;fSf;F fpilf;fpd;wjhd midj;Jr;
NritfisAk; mth;fs; mZFtjw;fhd
ghJfhg;ghd #oy; fhzg;gLtjidAk;
cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
M. NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay;
td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph;tho;gth;fSf;F mj;jpahtrpa
Nritfspid toq;Fk; mikr;Rf;fs;
gf;fr;rhh;gpd;wp Nritahw;Wtjw;F
mYtyh;fs; gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjidAk;
rpwe;j gapw;rpfspid mbf;fb kPsha;T
nra;tJld; Nkw;ghh;it nra;J
topfhl;Ljy;fspid toq;FtjidAk;
cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.
,. ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph; tho;gth;fSf;F
Njitahd Nritfspid toq;Ftjw;fhf
rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs;> Mh;tKila
ntspehl;L murhq;fq;fs; kw;Wk;
Vida mur rhh;gw;w nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;
vd;Nghh; tpNrl cjtp> ed;nfhil
kw;Wk; cjtpfs; Kjyhdtw;wpid
toq;Ftid Cf;Ftpj;jYk; mth;fSld;
gq;FjhuHfshFjYk;.
cstpay;
kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpak; njhlh;ghd Jiwfspy;
nefpo; jd;ikAila Ntiy Neuq;fspy;
gzpahw;Wk; tifapy; nghUj;jkhd
mh;g;gzpg;Gila jdpegh;fspid
gzpf;fkh;j;jy;.
c. cs MNuhf;fpak; njhlh;gpy; Neh;kiwahd
17
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
fye;Jiuahlypid nra;tjw;fhd
nfhs;iffspid mKy;gLj;Jjy;.
mth;fs; jpwe;j ntspfspy; xg;Gf;
nfhs;s kWf;fpd;wjhd cstpay;
mjph;r;rp kw;Wk; kdeyg; gpur;rpidfs;
vd;gtw;wpid vjph;nfhs;tjw;fhd
cstpay; uPjpahd kw;Wk; czh;ThPjpahd
cjtpfs;> NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;gth;fSf;F
toq;fg;gl;Ls;sikapid cWjpg;gLj;jy;.
C. itj;jparhiyfs; kw;Wk; rpfpr;ir
epiyaq;fspy; rpfpr;irapidg; ngWk;
NghJ ghjpf;fg;gl;L capHtho;gtHfs;
kPsTk; fsq;fg;gLj;jg;glhky; ,Ug;gjid
cWjpg;gLj;JtJk;> Rfhjhu Nritfspid
mZFtjidAk;> me;juq;fk;
Ngzg;gLtjidAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;
Ntz;Lk;. tprhuizahsHfs; kw;Wk;
Vida Nrit toq;FdHfSld; njhlHG
nfhs;fpd;w NghJ ek;gfj;jd;ik
kw;Wk; caHnjhopy; newpKiwfs;
Ngzg;gLtjidAk;> ghy;epiy
czHjpwdpid cUthf;FtJk;>
ve;j tifapyhd ghugl;rj;jpidAk;
jLg;gjidAk;> ePjpKiw itj;jpag;
ghpNrhjiz nra;J mwpf;if
rkHg;gpg;gjw;F nghWg;GilatHfs;
mjid nra;Ak; NghJ ghjpf;fg;gl;L
capH tho;gtHfSf;F epahak;
mspf;fpd;w tifapy; nraw;gLtJld;>
cz;ikay;yhky; NtnwjidAk;
mtHfSf;F njhptpf;fhky; ,Ug;gjidAk;
cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tifapy; itj;jpa kw;Wk;
Rfhjhu MszpapdH kw;Wk; caHnjhopy;
gapy;NthH MfpNahhpidg; gpzpf;fpd;w
tphpthd newpTWj;jy; rl;lfk; my;yJ
elj;ijf; Nfhitapid toq;Fjy;.
v. fpuhk Nritahsh;fs;> khtl;lr;
nrayhsh;fs;> cs;Sh; mjpfhu rigapd;
Mszpapdh; kw;Wk; Copah;fs; Nghd;w
nghJ mjpfhupfspid ,yf;fhf
nfhz;lJk; gf;fr;rhh;G> ghugl;rk; kw;Wk;
ghy;epiy tfpgq;Ffs; vd;gtw;wpid
rthYf;F cl;gLj;Jfpd;wjhd jpwd;
tpUj;jp epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fspid Muk;gpj;J
mjdpy; KjyPL nra;jy;. nghJkf;fSf;F
Nritahw;Wtjw;fhd flikapid
cila ,t;thwhd egh;fs; NkhjYld;
njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L caph;tho;Nthupid
NkYk; fsq;fg;gLj;jhkYk; mth;fspd;
cupikfspid kPwhkYk; ,Ug;gjid
cWjp nra;fpd;wjhd nghWg;Gf;
$Wjy; kw;Wk; fLikahd Nkw;ghh;it
vd;gtw;Wf;fhd nghwpKiwapid
cUthf;Fjy;.
V. gutyhf NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd
ghypay; td;Kiwapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L
caph; tho;Nthhpid fsq;fj;jpw;Fs;shf;Fk;
gFjpfspy; tpNrlkhf nghJ kf;fspid
fy;tpawpt+l;b tpopg;Gzh;tpid
Vw;gLj;Jjy;. Nghupd; NghJ ghypay;
t d ; K i w f ; F s ; s h d t h ; f s p i d
fsq;fg;gLj;jp ghy;epiy
g f ; f r ; r h h ; g p w ; F s ; s h f ; F t j p id
rthYf;Fl;gLj;Jjy;.
18
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd topfhl;;bfSk;;:
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph; gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
ePjpia mZFjYk; gf;fr;rhh;G njhlh;gpyhd
topfhl;;bfSk;;
NkhjYld; njhlh;Gilajhd ghypay; td;Kiwapy; caph;
gpioj;jth;fspd; fsq;fq;fis KftupapLjy;
rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; ePjpf;fhd epiyak;
325 V1> jpk;gpupf];aha tPjp> nfhOk;G 05. ,yq;if
njhiyNgrp / njhiyefy; : 94 11 2055404kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected]
tiy : www.cejsrilanka.org
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