rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU eilKiw topfhl;b...rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU eilKiw topfhl;b rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lk; kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; Kiwik

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU eilKiw topfhl;b

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lk;

kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs;

kdpj cupikfs; Kiwik

"rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspd; jplrq;fw;gk; kw;Wk; ehzak; vd;gd vdf;F - mNefkhf cq;fSf;Fk; - xU jho;ik czu;itAk;> mtu;fSf;F ehq;fs; ghupastpy; fld;gl;Ls;Nshk; vd;w czu;itAk;> midj;J kdpjg; gpwtpfspdJk; rkj;Jtkhd> ghuhjPdk; nra;aKbahj fz;zpak; kw;Wk; cupikfs; vd;gtw;Wf;nfd ,ilawhJ gzpahw;wNtz;Lk; vd;w tpUg;gpidAk; vLj;JtUfpd;wJ."

nrapl; uhj; my; `{ird; If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh;

mf;Nlhgh; 2014

cs ;slf ;fk ;1. ,e;j topfhl;b Fwpj;J 1

2. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; kw;Wk; rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lk; 32.1 kdpj cupikfs; Kiwik - xNu ghh;itapy; 6

3. Rje;jpukhd kw;Wk; RahjPdkhd rptpy; r%fg; gzp njhlh;ghd epge;jidfs; 83.1 crpjkhd murpay; kw;Wk; nghJr;#oy; 93.2 Mjutspf;Fk; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jk; rl;lfk; 103.3 jfty;fspd; Rje;jpukhd gha;r;ry; 103.4 ePz;l fhy MjuT kw;Wk; tsq;fs; 103.5 ciuahly; kw;Wk; $l;Lr;nraw;ghL vd;gtw;Wf;nfdg;

gfpu;e;Jnfhs;sg;gLk; ntspfs;; 11

4. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; vjpu;nfhz;L tUk; rthy;fs; 174.1 rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gzpfSf;F ,ilA+W tpistpf;Fk;

rl;lj;ij my;yJ tpjpKiwfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;;l topKiwfs; 18

4.2 jd;dpr;irahd topKiwfs; 194.3 rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghd tpjj;jpy; Jd;GWj;Jjy;>

gaKWj;Jjy; kw;Wk; gopthq;Fjy;fs; 20

5. vd;dhy; vd;d nra;a KbAk;? Ieh rigapd; gf;fk; jpUk;Gjy; 27

6. Mtz tsq;fs; 35

7. vk;Kld; njhlh;G nfhs;Sq;fs; 37

1

1. ,e ;j topfhl;b Fwpj ;J

fUj;Jf;fis ntspapLjy;> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,izjy; kw;Wk; mikjpahf xd;W $Ljy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Rje;jpuq;fSk;> nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd cupikAk; kf;fs; fUj;Jf;fisg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;tjw;Fk;> Gjpa fUj;Jf;fis cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jkJ cupikfisf; NfhUtjw;nfd kw;wtu;fSld; ,ize;J nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtu;fis ,ayr; nra;Ak; kdpj cupikfshf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. ,e;jg; nghJr;Rje;jpuq;fisg; gpuNahfpg;gjw;$lhfNt ehq;fs; vkJ nghUshjhu kw;Wk; r%f mgptpUj;jp Fwpj;J jfty;fis mwpe;j epiyapy; KbTfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;Nwhk;. ,e;j cupikfSf;$lhfNt rptpy; r%fj;jpy; gq;nfLj;J> [dehaf uPjpahd r%fq;fisf; fl;bnaOg;gf; $ba tha;g;G vkf;Ff; fpilf;fpd;wJ. mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ vkJ $l;L Kd;Ndw;wj;ij cjhrPdk; nra;tjhfNt ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.

,J rptpy; r%fk; njhlh;ghf If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh; mYtyfk; (OHCHR) toq;Fk; kdpj cupikfs; eilKiw topfhl;Ljy;fs; njhlhpd; MwhtJ topfhl;bahFk;. Ieh kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh;

2

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd eilKiw topfhl;b

mYtyfj;jpd; jw;Nghija njhdpg;nghUs; rhh;e;j Kd;Dupikfspy; xd;whd '[dehaf ntspia tpupthf;Fjy;" vd;w gpd;Gyj;jpw;Fs; ,J Nehf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

,e;j topfhl;b rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspd; gzp njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfis vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. mJ \rptpy; r%fk;| kw;Wk; \rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lk;| Mfpa

gjq;fSf;fhd nray; tiutpyf;fzk; xd;iw Kd;itg;gjd; %yk; ,jid Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. mjidaLj;J fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk;> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; mikjpahf xd;W $Lk; Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd cupik vd;gd njhlu;ghd ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; ju epakq;fis cs;slf;fpa tpjj;jpy; Rje;jpukhd> RahjPdkhd rptpy; r%fk; xd;Wf;Fj; Njitahd epge;jidfs; kw;Wk; #oy; vd;gd Fwpj;j xU nghJ Nehf;fpid mJ Kd;itf;fpd;wJ.

,e;j topfhl;b (rptpy;> fyhrhu> nghUshjhu> murpay; kw;Wk; r%f cupikfis cs;slf;fpa) midj;J kdpj cupikfisAk; midtUf;Fk; Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;nfd mjd; gzpfis Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; nghUl;L rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd ntspia mgptpUj;jp nra;tjw;nfd murhq;fq;fSk;> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSk; vt;thW ,ize;J nraw;gl;L te;Js;shh;fs; vd;gjw;fhd xU rpy cjhuzq;fis toq;Ffpd;wJ. rptpy; r%fg; gzp vjpu;nfhz;L tUk; jlq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; tiuaiwfs; vd;gd ,dq;fhzg;gl;Ls;sd. mit rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F vjpuhd Jd;GWj;jy;> mr;RWj;jy; kw;Wk; gopthq;Fjy;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. midj;J cs;@u; kl;lq;fspYk; rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd ,lj;ij Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;Fnkd rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; Kiwikia gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd ,e;j topfhl;b Nfl;Lf;nfhs;fpd;wJ. tsq;fs; kw;Wk; njhlh;G tpguq;fs; vd;gd topfhl;bapd; ,Wjpapy; jug;gl;Ls;sd.

,e;j topfhl;bapd; Kjd;ik Nehf;fk; ,Jtiuapy; Ieh kdpj cupikfs; KiwikAld; guPl;rakpy;;yhky; ,Ue;JtUk; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F cjTtjhFk;. ,e;j topfhl;bapd; mgptpUj;jpf;F gd;Kfg;gl;l rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fshy; toq;fg;gl;l cs;sPLfs; kw;Wk; MNyhridfs; vd;gd cjtpAs;sd.

3

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lKk; If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; KiwikAk;

2. r pt py ; r%f nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; r pt py ; r%fj ;jpw ;Fu pa ,lk ;

'jiytu;fs; jkJ kf;fs; $Wk; tplaq;fSf;F nrtpkLf;fhtpl;lhy;> tPjpfspYk;> rJf;fq;fspYk; my;yJ mbf;fb ehq;fs; ghh;g;gijg;Nghy Nghh;f;fhsq;fspYk kf;fSf;F nrtpkLf;f Ntz;ba epiy jiytu;fSf;F Vw;glKbAk;. xU rpwe;j topapypUe;J tUfpd;wJÉ mjpfstpyhd gq;Nfw;G vd;gNj me;j topahFk;. mjpfstpyhd [dehafk;. mjpfstpy; rk;ge;jg;gLjy; kw;Wk; jpwe;j jd;ik. rptpy; r%fj;jpw;F cr;r kl;lj;jpy; ,lkspj;jy; vd;gNj mjd; nghUshFk;."

Ieh nrayhsh; ehafk; ghd; fp %d; - rptpy; r%fj;jpw;F Mjutspg;gjw;fhd cau; kl;l epfo;tpy; Kd;itj;j fUj;Jf;fs;> nrg;lk;gu; 23> 2013

,e;j topfhl;b rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; vd;w gjj;jpw;F gpd;tUkhW tiutpyf;fzk; toq;Ffpd;wJ: nghJthfg; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;Sk; mf;fiwfs;> Nehf;fq;fs; my;yJ Ieh tpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fSld; xj;Jg;Nghff;$ba tpOkpaq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;F mikthf> gfpuq;f gq;Nfw;G kw;Wk; nray; vd;gtw;wpd; tbtq;fspy; jd;dhh;t mbg;gilapy; nraw;gl;L tUk; jdpegu;fs; kw;Wk; FOf;fs;. Ieh tpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fshtd: rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;iwg; guhkupj;J tUjy;> mgptpUj;jpia rhjpj;Jf;nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; kdpj cupikfis Nkk;gLj;jp> mtw;Wf;F kjpg;gspj;jy;.

vkJ tho;f;ifia tpUj;jp nra;tjw;fhd Ieh tpd; gzp kdpj cupikfSf;F kjpg;gspf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; Nt&d;wpAs;sJ. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; mtu;fSila gzpapd; cs;slf;fk; kw;Wk; ,ay;G vd;gtw;Wf;$lhf ntspg;gilahf my;yJ kiwKfkhf NkNyAs;s tiutpyf;fzk; vLj;Jf;fhl;Ltijg;Nghy> kdpj cupikfis Nkk;gLj;jpg; ghJfhg;gjw;F Kad;WtUfpd;wdh;.

rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; cupikfs; njhlh;ghd tpopg;Gzu;it Nkk;gLj;JtJld;> r%fq;fs; jkJ fupridfis vLj;Jf;$Wtjw;F mtu;fSf;F cjtptUfpd;wdh;. mtu;fs; cj;jpfis tbtikg;gJld;> nfhs;if kw;Wk; rl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; kPJ nry;thf;Fr;nrYj;jp tUfpd;wdh;. NkYk;> nghWg;Gf;$w Ntz;ba epiyia mtu;fs; typAWj;Jfpd;wdh;. nghJf;nfhs;iffs; Fwpj;j KbTfis vLf;Fk; nraw;ghL ngUksTf;Fj; jfty;fis mwpe;jepiyapy; Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; nghUl;L> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; r%fq;fspd; fUj;Jf;fisr; Nrfupj;J> newpg;gLj;jptUfpd;whh;fs;. NkYk;> gd;Kf Kidfspy; mghaj;ij vjpu;nfhz;L tUtJld;> kpfTk; gytPdkhd epiyapy; tho;e;J tUk; kf;fSf;Fk; mtu;fs; Nritfis toq;fptUfpd;whh;fs;.

4


'Njrpa kw;Wk; ru;tNj kl;lq;fspy; kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; mbg;gilr; Rje;jpuq;fs; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;> mtw;iwg; ghJfhj;J> rhjpj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;F Kaw;rpg;gjw;Fk; xt;nthUtUk; jdpg;gl;lKiwapYk;> Vidatu;fSld; ,ize;j tpjj;jpYk; cupikiaf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;." (cWg;Giu 1> jbj;j vOj;Jf;fs; vk;khy; ,lg;gl;lit).

cyfshtpa uPjpapy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; mbg;gil cupikfs; vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhg;gJ njhlh;ghd jdpegu;fs;> FOf;fs; kw;Wk; r%fj;jpd; mikg;Gf;fs; Mfpa jug;Gf;fspd; cupik kw;Wk; nghWg;G vd;gd njhlh;ghd gpufldk; (nghJr; rig jPu;khdk; 53Æ144)É ,J nghJthf> kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fs; njhlh;ghd gpufldk; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

cjhuzkhf> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; gpd;tUNthiu cs;slf;Ffpd;wdh;:1

uu ,izaj ;jpy ; nraw ;gl;L tUk ; nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fisAk ; cs ;slf ;fpa tpjj ;jpy ; kd pj cu pikfisg ; ghJfhg ;gtu ;fs ;É

uu kd pj cu pik epWtdq ;fs ; (muR rhuh mikg ;Gf ;fs ;> rq ;fq ;fs ;> ghjpf ;fg ;gl;ltu ;fSf ;F Mjutspf ;Fk ; FOf ;fs ;)É

uu $l;lzpfs ; kw ;Wk ; tiyaikg ;Gf ;fs ; (cjhuzk ;: ngz ;fs ; cu pikfs ;> r pWtu ; cu pikfs ; my ;yJ Rw ;whly ; g pur ;r pidfs ;> fhzp cu pikfs ;> Xu pdr ; Nru ;f ;if> ngz ; ghy ; Nru ;f ;if> ,U ghy ; <u ;g ;G kw ;Wk ; epiykhw ;w ghypdj ;jtu ; mikg ;Gf ;fs ;)É

uu cly ; Cd epiyfisf ; nfhz ;bUf ;Fk ; egu ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; mtu ;fisg ; g pujpepjpj ;Jtk ; nra ;Ak ; rq ;fq ;fs ;É

uu rd r%ff ; FOf ;fs ; (goq ;Fb kf ;fs ;> r pWghd ;ikapdu ;> fpuhkpa r%fq ;fs ;)É

uu rka ek ;g pf ;ifia mbg ;gilahff ; nfhz ;l FOf ;fs ; (Njthyaq ;fs ;> rkaf ; FOf ;fs ;)É

uu rq ;fq ;fs ; (njhopw ;rq ;fq ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; mNjNghy Clftpayhsh ; rq ;fq ;fs ;> e Pjpgjpfs ; kw ;Wk ; rl;lj ;juzpfs ; ; rq ;fq ;fs ;> e Pjthd ; rq ;fq ;fs ;> khztu ; rq ;fq ;fs ; Nghd ;w njhopy ; rhh ; mikg ;Gf ;fs ;)É

uu r%f ,af ;fq ;fs ; (rkhjhd ,af ;fq ;fs ;> khztu ; ,af ;fq ;fs ;> [dehafj ;jpw ;F Mjuthd ,af ;fq ;fs ;)É

uu kd pj cu pikfis mDgtpg ;gjw ;F Neubahfg ; gq ;fs pg ;Gr ; nra ;JtUk ; njhopy ; rhh ; ty ;Ydu ;fs ; (cjhuzkhf kd pj Neag ; gzpahsh ;fs ;> rl;lj ;juzpfs ;> kUj ;Jtu ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; kUj ;Jtj ; Jiw Copau ;fs ;)É

uu kd pj cu pik k Pwy ;fs pdhy ; ghjpf ;fg ;gl;bUg ;gtu ;fs pd ; cwtpdu ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; mtu ;fSf ;fhd mikg ;Gf ;fs ;É kw ;Wk ;

1 Working with the United Nations Human Rights Programme, A Handbook for Civil Society, OHCHR, 2008, p. vii.

5


uu kd pj cu pikfis Nkk ;gLj ;Jk ; Nehf ;fj ;Jld ; nraw ;ghLfis Kd ;ndLj ;J tUk ; nghJ epWtdq ;fs ; (ghlrhiyfs ;> gy ;fiyf ;fofq ;fs ;> Muha ;r ;r p epiyaq ;fs ;).

gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;j;J itg;gjw;F Kaw;rpg;gjpYk;> r%fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; Kf;fpakhf ,Ue;JtUk; gpur;rpidfisf; ftdj;jpy; vLg;gjw;nfdTk; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; Kidg;ghd tpjj;jpy; nraw;gl;LtUfpd;wdh;. r%fk; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; gpur;rpidfs; gpd;tUtdtw;iwAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd:

yy tWik> Coy ; kw ;Wk ; nghUshjhu Vw ;wj ;jho ;T vd ;gtw ;Wf ;F vjpuhfg ; NghuhLjy ;

yy MAj NkhjiyAk ; cs ;slf ;fpa tpjj ;jpy ; kd pj Nea neUf ;fbfSf;F vjpu ;t pidahw ;Wjy ;

yy rl;lj ;jpd ; Ml;r p kw ;Wk ; nghWg ;Gf ; $wy ; vd ;gtw ;iw Nkk ;gLj ;Jjy ;

yy nghJkf ;fspd ; Rje ;jpuq ;fis Nkk ;gLj ;Jjy ;

yy murhq ;f tuTnryTj ; jpl;lq ;fspy ; ntspg ;gilj ; jd ;ikiaf ;Nfhu p gug ;Giu nra ;jy ;

yy Rw ;whliyg ; ghJfhj ;jy ;

yy mgptpUj ;jpf ;fhd cupikiag ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhs ;sy ;

yy r pWghd ;ikapdu ; kw ;Wk ; Mgj ;jhd epiyapypUe ;J tUk ; Vida FOf;fs ; MfpNahUf ;F tYT+l;Ljy ;

yy ve ;jnthU tbtpyhd ghugl;rj ;ijAk ; vjpu ;j ;Jg ; NghuhLjy ;

yy Fw ;wj ; jLg ;Gf ;F Mjutspj ;jy ;

yy fk ;ngd pj ; Jiwapd ; r%fg ;nghWg ;G kw ;Wk ; nghWg ;Gf ;$Wjy ; vd ;gtw ;iw Nkk ;gLj ;Jjy ;

yy tQ;rff ; flj ;jYf ;F vjpuhfg ; NghuhLjy ;

yy ngz ;fSf;F tYT+l;Ljy ;

yy ntWg ;igj ; J}z ;Lk ; g pur ;rhuq ;fSf;F vjpuhfg ; NghuhLjy ;

yy ,isQu ; AtjpfSf;F tYT+l;Ljy ;

yy r%f ePjp kw ;Wk ; Efu ;Nthh ; ghJfhg ;G vd ;gtw ;iw Kd ;Ndw ;Wjy ;

yy r%f Nritfis toq ;Fjy ;

rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;: cs;@u; kl;lj;jpYk;> Njrpa kl;lj;jpYk;> gpuhe;jpa kl;lj;jpYk; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpYk; mtu;fs; nraw;gl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;.

rptpy; r%fj;jpd; ,lk; vd;gJ r%fj;jpw;Fs; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; ngw;Wf; nfhs;sf; $ba ,lkhFk;É mjhtJ> rptpy; r%fk; nraw;gl;L tUk; #oy; kw;Wk; fl;likg;G vd;gjid mJ Fwpf;fpd;wJÉ rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs;> muR> jdpahh;Jiw kw;Wk; nghJkf;fs; Mfpa jug;Gf;fSf;fpilapyhd cwTfisAk; mJ Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

6


2.1 If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; Kiwik - xNu ghh;itapy;

rkhjhdk;> ghJfhg;G vd;gtw;iw epiyepWj;JtJld;> cynfq;fpYk; mgptpUj;jpia rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;nfd nraw;gLtJld; ,ize;j tpjj;jpy; midj;J kf;fs; njhlh;ghfTk;> midj;J kdpj cupikfisAk; Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tJ Ieh mikg;gpd; %d;W J}z;fspy; xd;whf ,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ. ,J Ieh tpd; rhrdj;;jpYk;> ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lj;jpYk; Nt&d;wpAs;sJ.

Ieh mikg;G %d;W mbg;gil topKiwfSf;$lhf kdpj cupikfis Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhg;gjw;F Kaw;rpj;J tUfpd;wJ:

1. kdpj cupikfSf;fhd If;fpa ehLfs; Mizahsh; mYtyfk; (OHCHR) Ieh mikg;Gf;Fs; kdpj cupikfis Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;nfd nraw;gl;L tUk; Kd;dzp epWtdkhf ,Ue;JtUfpd;wJ. mJ Ieh tpd; (cjhuzkhf cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk;> Ieh mfjpfs; Kftufk;> Adpnrg;> ru;tNjr njhopy; jhgdk;> And];Nfh Kjypa) rpwg;Gj; Nju;r;rp ngw;w Kftufq;fs;> epjpaq;fs; kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;Wld; ,ize;J> kdpj cupikfs; gzpapd; kPJ cr;r kl;lj; jhf;fj;ij vLj;JtUk; tpjj;jpy; kpf neUf;fkhf nraw;gl;L tUfpd;wJ.

2. ru;tNjr kdpj cupik xg;ge;jq;fs; (rkthaq;fs; kw;Wk; cld;ghLfs;)> ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd jkJ flg;ghLfis mKy;nra;Ak; tplaj;ij xOq;fhd mbg;gilapy; my;yJ fhyj;jpw;Ff;fhyk; ftdj;jpnyLg;gjw;nfd RahjPd epGzu;fspd; FOf;fis my;yJ xg;ge;j mikg;Gf;fis ];jhgpf;fpd;wd.

3. kdpj cupikg; gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; epytuq;fs; vd;gd Fwpj;J fye;JiuahLtjw;nfd Ieh cWg;G muRfisf; nfhz;l muRfSf;fpilapyhd mikg;Gf;fs; my;yJ Nguitfs; ];jhgpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,jw;nfd mikf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Kjd;ikahd murhq;fq;fSf;fpilapyhd mikg;G kdpj cupikfs; NguitahFk;. (Human Rights Council) kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapd; gzpfspd; NghJ tpNrl eilKiwfs; vd miof;fg;gLk; RahjPd epGzu;fspd; MjuT mjw;Ff; fpilj;J tUfpd;wJ. mfpyk; jOtpa gUt fhy kPsha;T vd;w xU nghwpKiwAk; ,jpy; mlq;Ffpd;wJ.

,e;j %d;W $WfSk; RahjPdkhf ,Ue;JtUtJld;> xd;Wf;nfhd;W Fiwepug;G nra;gitahfTk; ,Ue;JtUfpd;wd.

,tw;wpd; gzpg;ghizfs; kw;Wk; nghwpKiwfs; vd;gd Fwpj;j tpupthd tpsf;fq;fis If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;Jld; gzpahw;Wjy;: rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU ifE}y; (ghh;f;fTk;: gpupT 6> tsq;fs;) vd;w gpuRuj;jpy; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sKbAk;. ,e;jf; ifE}y; Ieh

7


tpd; MW cj;jpNahfG+u;t nkhopfspy; fpilg;gJld;> fl;Gy kw;Wk; mr;R vOj;Jf;fis thrpg;gJ njhlh;ghd ,ayhikia nfhz;bUf;Fk; egu;fs; njhlh;ghf gpuQ;R kw;Wk; Mq;fpyk; Mfpa nkhopfspy; b[pl;ly; Kiwf;$lhf (DAISY) CD ROM tbtpy; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

Ieh kdpj cupikfs; nghwpKiwapd; gzp rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspd; gq;Nfw;gpd; %yk; NkYk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. epGzj;Jtk;> tpopg;Gzu;itj; J}z;Ljy;> kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfs; kw;Wk; kPwy;fs; vd;gtw;iwf; fz;fhzpj;J> mwpf;ifaply; vd;gd njhlh;ghf rptpy; r%fk; ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpy; gq;fspg;ig toq;fptUfpd;wJ. Gjpa kdpj cupikfs; ju epakq;fs;> nghwpKiwfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; vd;gtw;iw mgptpUj;jp nra;Jnfhs;tjw;Fk;> kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;J tsq;fisj; jpul;b> nghJkf;fspd; Mjuitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; cjtKbAk;.

rptpy; r%fk; njhlh;ghd Ieh kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapd; Kd;Kaw;rpfs;

fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk;> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; mikjpahf xd;W $ly; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Rje;jpuk;> kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyu;fisg; gaKWj;Jjy; kw;Wk; gopthq;Fjy; Nghd;w Fwpg;ghf rptpy; r%fj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j gy jPu;khdq;fis Ieh kdpj cupikfs; Nguit epiwNtw;wpAs;sJ. mJ 2013 kw;Wk; 2014 Mfpa Mz;Lfspy; rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lq;Fwpj;j jPu;khdq;fs; 27Æ31 kw;Wk; 24Æ21 vd;gtw;iw epiwNtw;wpaJ. midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; rptpy; r%fj;jpd; Kidg;ghd <Lghl;bd; epu;zafukhd Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij ,j;jPu;khdq;fs; Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wd. 'midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ik kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;$Wjy; vd;gtw;Wf;$lhf MSif nrad;KiwfspYk;> ey;yhl;rpia Nkk;gLj;JtjpYk; rptpy; r%fk; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Kidg;G kpf;f <LghL kpFe;j Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;jjhFk;. nry;tr; nropg;G kpf;f [dehaf r%fq;fisf fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;F ,J ,d;wpaikahjjhf cs;sJ" vd;gjid mJ Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wJ.

8


3. Rje ;jpukhd kw ;Wk ; Rahj Pdkhd r pt py ; r%fg ; gzp njhlh ;ghd epge ;jidfs ;

'Rje;jpukhd kw;Wk; RahjPdkhd xU rptpy; r%fk; cs;@u;> Njrpa kw;Wk; cyfshtpa kl;lq;fspy; MNuhf;fpakhd> gjpypWf;Fk; MSifapd; mj;jpthukhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ."

nrayhsh; ehafk; ghd; fp %d;> kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapd; 25 MtJ mku;Tf;F tPbNah %yk; toq;fpa nra;jp> khh;r; 2014

muRfspd; ru;tNjr rl;l uPjpahd flg;ghLfspd; gpufhuk;> mit jdpg;gl;l KiwapYk; my;yJ kw;wtu;fSld; ,ize;j tpjj;jpYk; Fbapay; gzpfspy; <LgLtjw;fhd egu;fspd; ,aYik kw;Wk; Mw;wy; vd;gtw;Wf;F Mjutspf;ff; $ba nghUshjhu> murpay;> r%f> fyhrhu> rl;l uPjpahd epiyikfis cUthf;f Ntz;bAs;sd.

murhq;f mjpfhupfs; kw;Wk; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; MfpNahUf;fpilapyhd cwtpid tbtikf;Fk; kdpj cupikf; Nfhl;ghLfs;:

uu gq ;Nfw ;G - rKjhaj ;jpy ; r pt py ; r%fj ;jpd ; tfp ghj ;jpuk ; mq ;f Pfu pf ;fg ;gl;bUg ;gJld ;> r pt py ; r%f nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fs ; murhq ;f mjpfhu pfs pd ; epiyg ;ghLfs pypUe ;J NtWgl;l epiyg ;ghLfs py ; epd ;W Rje ;jpukhfTk ;> Rahj PdkhfTk ; nraw ;gLtjw ;Fk ;> mit njhlh ;ghd gug ;Giufis Nkw ;nfhs ;tjw ;Fk ; Rje ;jpuj ;ijf ; nfhz ;ltu ;fshf ,Ue ;JtUfpd ;whh ;fs ;.

uu ghugl;rk ; fhl;lhik - ve ;j tifiaAk ; Nru ;e ;j ghugl;rq ;fs ; ,y ;yhj tpjj ;jpy ; midj ;J r pt py ; r%f nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fSk ; nghJtptfhuq ;fs py ; gq ;Nfw ;gjw ;F miof ;fg ;gLtJld ;> mjw ;fhd ,aYik mtu ;fSf ;Fg ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhLf ;fg ;gLfpd ;wJ.

uu fz ;zpak ; - murhq ;f mjpfhu pfSk ;> r pt py ; r%f nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fSk ; NtWgl;l tfp ghj ;jpuq ;fis tfpj ;JtUk ; mNjNtisapy ;> tho ;f ;ifj ; juq ;fis tpUj ;jp nra ;tJ njhlh ;ghd xU nghJNehf ;fj ;ijg ; gfpu ;e ;Jnfhs ;fpd ;whh ;fs ;. ,e ;j cwTf ;Fg ; gu] ;gu ku pahij kpf Kf ;fpakhdjhf ,Ue ;J tUfpd ;wJ.

uu ntspg ;gilj ; jd ;ik kw ;Wk ; nghWg ;Gf ; $Wjy ; - nghJeyd ; rhh ;e ;J nraw ;gLk ;nghOJ mjw ;F ntspg ;gilj ;jd ;ik> nghWg ;Gzu ;T> njspT> xs pTkiwtw ;w jd ;ik kw ;Wk ; murhq ;f mjpfhu pfs pd ; nghWg ;Gf ;$Wk ; epiy vd ;gd Njitg ;gLfpd ;wd. ,jw ;nfd r pt py ; r%f nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fs ; jkf ;fpilapYk ;> mNjNghy nghJkf ;fSlDk ; ntspg ;gilj ; jd ;ikAlDk ;> nghWg ;Gf ;$Wk ; epiyAlDk ; ele ;Jnfhs ;sNtz ;bAs ;sJ.

9


rpwe;j eilKiwia typAWj;Jk; Kf;fpakhd epge;jidfshtd:2

3.1 crpjkhd murpay; kw;Wk; nghJr;#oy; - Fbkf;fspd; gq;fspg;Gf;F kjpg;gspj;J> mjid Cf;Ftpf;Fk; xU murpay; kw;Wk; nghJr;#oy; epytptUjy; Ntz;Lk;. eilKiwapy; epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; murhq;f mjpfhupfs; Mfpa jug;Gf;fs; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSldhd jkJ ,ilj;njhlh;Gfspd; NghJ mtu;fSf;F gjpy; $w Ntz;batu;fshf ,Ue;JtUfpd;whh;fs;.

bAdPrpah - kdpj cupikfs; kw;Wk; [dehafk; vd;gtw;Wf;F mj;jpahtrpakhd Gjpa rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs; vd;gtw;iw mgptpUj;jp nra;Ak; nraw;ghl;by; gq;Nfw;gjd; %yk; Gjpa bA+dPrpah Njrj;ij fl;bnaOg;Gtjpy; rptpy; r%fk; Kjd;ikahd xU tfp gq;fpid tfpj;Jte;Js;sJ. [dehaf epiykhw;wj;jpd; KjyhtJ Kd; Kaw;rpfspd; NghJ rptpy; r%fj;Jld; fye;jhNyhridfs; elj;jg;gl;ld. kdr;rhl;rpapd; ifjpfSf;F nghJkd;dpg;G toq;FtJ njhlh;ghd xU fl;lisia ntspapLjy; kw;Wk; (gyte;jkhf fhzhky; Mf;fg;gLtjpypUe;J midj;J egu;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;FtJ njhlh;ghd ru;tNjr rkthak;> rptpy; kw;Wk; murpay; cupikfs; Fwpj;j ru;tNjr rkthaj;jpw;fhd Nkyjpf xOq;FKiw> rpj;jputij> Vida nfh^ukhd> kdpjhgpkhdkw;w nray;fs; my;yJ ,opthf elj;Jjy; my;yJ jz;lidaspj;jy; vd;gtw;Wf;F vjpuhd rkthak; njhlh;ghd Nkyjpf xOq;FKiw kw;Wk; ru;tNjr Fw;wtpay; ePjpkd;wj;jpd; Nuhk; rl;lthf;fk; Mfpa) ehd;F ru;tNjr xg;ge;jq;fis mZFtjw;fhd rl;lq;fis ,aw;Wjy; Nghd;w Kd;Kaw;rpfspd; NghJ rptpy; r%fj;Jld; fye;jhNyhridfs; elj;jg;gl;ld. xU Gjpa Nju;jy; xOq;Ftpjpf;Nfhitiag; gpufldg;gLj;jp> mikg;Gf;fspy; Nru;e;Jnfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; njhlh;ghd xU Gjpa rl;lj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjd; %yk; mj;jpahtrpakhd [dehaf epWtdq;fis cUthf;Fk; nraw;ghl;bYk; rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs; gq;Nfw;wd. muRrhuh mikg;Gf;fSf;F murpd; epjpaspg;G> mNjNghy ntspehl;L epjpaspg;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy; Nghd;w tplaq;fisAk; ,e;j Gjpa rl;lk; cs;slf;fpapUe;jJ. Gjpa rl;lk; 2011 nrg;lk;gu; khjk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;ljidaLj;J bA+dPrpahtpy; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd mikg;Gf;fs; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. bA+dPrpahtpy; ,lk;ngw;w KjyhtJ [dehaf kw;Wk; ntspg;gilj; jd;ikAld; $ba Nju;jyhd 2011 Mk; Mz;L Nju;jypy; rptpy; r%fk; epu;zafukhd xU ghj;jpuj;ij tfpj;;jJ. rl;l rigf;fhd Nju;jy;fis fz;fhzpg;gjw;nfd ru;tNjr r%fj;jpd; cjtpAld; 10>000 f;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; mzpjpuz;bUe;jdh;. rptpy; r%fk; - Fwpg;ghf ngz;fs; mikg;Gf;fs; - Gjpa murpay; ahg;G tiutpy; ngz;fs; kw;Wk; Mz;fs; MfpNahUf;fpilapyhd KOikahd rkj;Jtk; cs;slf;fg;gl Ntz;Lnkd gug;Giu nra;jd. ,e;j murpay; ahg;G 2014 [_iy khjj;jpy; murpayikg;G Nguitapy; Mff; $ba ngUk;ghd;ikapd; %yk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lj;ij Nkk;gLj;jp> mjidg; ghJfhg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; njhlh;ghd

kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapd; FOf; fye;Jiuahlypd; rhuhk;rk; A/HRC/27/33

2 kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyh;fspd; epiyik njhlh;ghd tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if> kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyu;fs;; njhlh;ghf ghJfhg;Gld; $ba> ,aYikia Vw;gLj;jf;

$ba #onyhd;wpd; $Wfs;> A/HRC/25/55

10


3.2 Mjutspf;Fk; xOq;FKiwg;gLj;Jk; rl;lfk; - rl;lthf;fk;> epu;thf xOq;Ftpjpfs; kw;Wk; eilKiw vd;gd ru;tNjr juepakq;fSld; ,zq;fpr;nry;tjhf ,Ue;JtUtJld;> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghLfSf;Fk; mit ghJfhg;G toq;Ffpd;wd. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; ePjpia mZFjy;> RahjPdkhd kw;Wk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f Njrpa kdpj cupik epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr kdpj cupikg; nghwpKiwfs; vd;gtw;iw mZFjy; Mfpa midj;Jk; ,e;j rl;lfj;Jld; xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. tYthd rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffs; vd;gd mj;jpahtrpakhditahFk;É Mdhy;> rupahd tpjj;jpy; mKy; nra;ag;glhtpl;lhy; mtw;wpd; tpidj;jpwd; FiwthfNt ,Ue;J tu KbAk;.

nrhy;Ntdpahtpy; mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;tjw;fhd cupik> gjpT nra;ag;glhj rq;fq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpa tpjj;jpy; midj;J mikg;Gf;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;fptUfpd;wJÉ gjpT nra;ag;glhj rq;fq;fspd; gzpfspy; <Lgl;L tUk; jdpegu;fs; mikjpahf $l;lq;fis elj;Jjy; kw;Wk; mtw;wpy; gq;Fgw;Wjy; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpa tpjj;jpy; ve;jnthU eltbf;ifiaAk; Rje;jpukhf Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd cupikf;fhd Vw;ghl;bidf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

mikjpahf xd;W$Ljy; kw;Wk; mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;sy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Rje;jpuk;

Fwpj;j cupikfs; njhlh;ghd Ieh tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if> A/HRC/20/27

nygdhd; kw;Wk; nkhNuhf;Nfh Mfpa ehLfspy; rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs; cs;ehl;L kw;Wk; ntspehl;L epjpg;gLj;jy;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F Kd;du; mjpfhupfspd; xg;Gjiyg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Njitia rl;lk; mtrpag;gLj;jtpy;iy.

mikjpahf xd;W $Ljy; kw;Wk; mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;sy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd

Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cupikfs; njhlh;ghd Ieh tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if> A/HRC/20/27

3.3 jfty;fspd; Rje;jpukhd gha;r;ry; - rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; gpur;rpidfis mwpe;J> mit njhlh;ghd jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> jkJ fupridfis Kd;itg;gjw;Fk;> Mf;fG+u;tkhd tpjj;jpy; gq;Nfw;gjw;Fk;> jPu;TfSf;fhfg; gq;fspg;Gr;; nra;tjw;Fk; mtu;fSf;F ,aYikia toq;Ftjw;nfd fUj;Jf;fs;> jfty;fs;> mwpf;iffs;> Kd;Kaw;rpfs; kw;Wk; jPu;khdq;fs; vd;gtw;iw Rje;jpukhf mZff;$ba tha;g;G.

3.4 ePz;l fhy MjuT kw;Wk; tsq;fs; - GwnkhJf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; Fuy;fs; njhlh;ghf Mw;wiyf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;fhd topKiwfs; kw;Wk; midj;J rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSk; tsq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy;> $l;lq;fs;

11


,lk;ngWk; ,lq;fis mZFjy; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;gj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy; vd;gtw;iw cj;juthjg;gLj;Jjy;.

FNu~pahtpy; mikg;Gf;fspd; epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;jpl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; fPo; epjpaspg;Gf;fisg; gfpu;e;jspg;gjw;nfd murhq;fk; rpwe;j eilKiwfs;> ju epakq;fs; kw;Wk; msTNfhy; vd;gd Fwpj;j elj;ijf; Nfhitnahd;iw Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sJ. (2007). mJ nghJepjpaspg;Gf;fisg; gfpu;e;jspg;gjpy; murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; murhq;f mjpfhupfs; gpd;gw;w Ntz;ba ntspg;gilahd> mbg;gilahd xOq;Ftpjpfs;> eilKiwfs; vd;gtw;iw vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ.

,yhg Nehf;fw;w rl;lj;jpw;fhd INuhg;gpa epiyak; (ECNL)> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fSf;Fg; nghJepjpg;gLj;jy;: INuhg;gpa A+dpad; kw;Wk; Nkw;F ghy;fd; muRfSf;fhd rpwe;j eilKiwfs;> 2011

3.5 ciuahly; kw;Wk; $l;Lr;nraw;ghL vd;gtw;Wf;nfdg; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;sg;gLk; ntspfs; - KbTfis vLf;Fk; nrad;Kiwfspy; rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd ,lj;ij cj;juthjg;gLj;Jjy;

khiyjPT - ,];yhkpa fl;likg;nghd;Wf;Fs; ghy;epiy rkj;Jtj;ijr; rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;tJ njhlh;ghd gpuhe;jpa mDgtq;fisg; gfpu;e;Jnfhz;L> fye;JiuahLtjw;nfd ngz; cupik gug;Giuahsh;fshy; 2014 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;ghL nra;ag;gl;bUe;j Ie;J ehs; epfo;Tf;F murhq;fk; Mjutspj;jJ. ,e;epfo;T gpuhe;jpa muR rhuh mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs; vd;gtw;;Wld; ,ize;J Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ.

kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyu;fs; kw;Wk; Clftpayhsh;fs; MfpNahiu ghJfhg;gjw;fhd 2012 Mk; Mz;bd; nkf;rpf;Nfh rl;lk; kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyu;fs; kw;Wk; Clftpayhsh; MfpNahUf;F tpLf;fg;gLk; mr;RWj;jiyf; ftdj;;jpnyLg;gjw;fhd Njrpa nghwpKiwnahd;iw toq;Ffpd;wJ. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; kw;Wk; fhq;fpu]; Mfpa jug;Gf;fspd; gq;Nfw;Gld; ,r;rl;lk; tiuag;gl;lJld;> ru;tNjr muR rhuh mikg;Gf;fs;> Vida epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; nkf;rpf;Nfh kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh; mYtyfk; vd;gd mjw;F Mjutspj;jd.

Neghsk; - Neghsj;jpy; 2010 Mk; Mz;by; rptpy; r%fk;> Njrpa jypj; Mizf;FO kw;Wk; kdpj cupik Mizahshpd; Neghsj;jp;w;fhd mYtyfk; vd;gtw;wpd; gq;Nfw;Gld; rhjp mbg;gilapyhd ghugl;rk; fhl;Ljy; kw;Wk; jPz;lhik rl;lk; tiuag;gl;lJ. ,r;rl;lk; 2011 Mk; Mz;L Nk khjk; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ.

epA+rpyhe;J - cly; CdKw;w egu;fspd; rq;fj;jpd; gq;Nfw;Gld; 2011 Mk; Mz;by; cly; Cdepiy njhlh;ghd kNrhjh jahupf;fg;gl;lJ.

mikjpahf xd;W$Ljy; kw;Wk; mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;sy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Rje;jpuk;

Fwpj;j cupikfs; njhlh;ghd I eh tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if> A/HRC/20/27

tdhl;L - tdhl;L murhq;fk; 2013 Mk; Mz;by; mfpyk; jOtpa gUt fhy kPsha;T fkpl;bia ];jhgpj;jJÉ ,jd; cg jiyik muR rhuh mikg;Gf;fspd; tdhl;L rk;Nksdj;jpdhy; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; nra;ag;gl;lJ. mJ jtpu> tdhl;L ehl;bd; kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd mwpf;ifaply; flg;ghLfis xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhd gzpg;ghiziaf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Njrpa kdpj cupikfs; fkpl;bapYk; rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gpujpepjpj;Jtk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wJ. mNj Nghy Njrpa kdpj cupikfs; epWtdj;jpd; ];jhgpjj;jpYk; rptpy; r%fk; gq;Nfw;wJ. cly; Cd epiyfisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; egu;fspd; cupikfs; njhlh;ghd fkpl;bf;fhd mwpf;if 2013 Mk; Mz;by; jahupf;fg;gl;;l nghOJ> cly; CdKw;wtu;fSld;; gzpahw;wp tUk; mikg;Gf;fSld; tpupthd Kiwapy; fye;jhNyhridfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;ld.

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rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gzp Fwpj;J ru;tNjr rl;l ju epakq;fs;

rptpy; r%f gzpf;nfd epytp tu Ntz;ba ghJfhg;ghd> ,aYikAld; $ba #oYf;F ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lj;Jld; gpize;jpUf;Fk; Njrpa rl;l rl;lfnkhd;wpd; %yk; Mjutspj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

fUj;J ntspaPl;Lr; Rje;jpuk;> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;> mikjpahf xd;W$Lk; Rje;jpuk; vd;gdTk;> nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd cupikAk; rhjfkhd khw;wj;jpw;nfd kf;fs; jk;ik mzpjpul;bf; nfhs;tjw;F ,ayr; nra;Ak; cupikfshf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. xt;nthUtUk; jdpg;gl;l Kiwapy; my;yJ Vidatu;fSld; $l;lhf ,ize;J ,e;j cupikfis mDgtpj;J tUjy; Ntz;Lk;. mit Fbapay; nraw;ghl;bd; ikakhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd.

kpfTk; mbg;gilahd ru;tNjr kdpj cupikf; fUtpfs; nghJ kf;fspd; Rje;jpuq;fisg; ghJfhg;gJld; Neubahfr; rk;ge;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; Vw;ghLfis cs;slf;FtJld;> mit midj;Jk; ghugl;rk; fhl;lhjpUj;jy; vd;w Nfhl;ghl;ilf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wd:

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; njhlh ;ghd mfpyk ; jOtpa g pufldk ; (cWg ;Giufs ; 19> 20> 21)É

uu mgpg ;g puhaj ;ij nfhz ;bUf ;Fk ; Rje ;jpuk ; kw ;Wk ; fUj ;J ntspg ;ghl;Lr ; Rje ;jpuk ;> mikjpahf xd ;W$Ljy ; kw ;Wk ; mikg ;Gf ;fs py ; ,ize ;J nfhs ;sy ; vd ;gtw ;Wf ;fhd Rje ;jpuk ; kw ;Wk ; nghJ tho ;f ;ifapy ; gq ;Nfw ;Fk ; Rje ;jpuk ; vd ;gtw ;Wfhd cu pikfs ; njhlh ;ghd Vw ;ghLfis r pt py ; kw ;Wk ; mur pay ; cu pikfs ; njhlh ;ghd ru ;tNjr rkthak ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ (cWg ;Giufs ; 19> 21> 22> 25)

uu nghUshjhu> r%f kw ;Wk ; fyhrhu cu pikfs ; njhlh ;ghd ru ;tNjr rkthak ; xU njhopw ;rq ;fj ;ij mikj ;jy ; my ;yJ mjpy ; gq ;Nfw ;wy ; vd ;gtw ;Wf ;fhd cu pik kw ;Wk ; fyhrhu tho ;f ;ifapy ; gq ;Nfw ;gjw ;fhd cu pik vd ;gtw ;Wf ;fhd Vw ;ghLfisf ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ (cWg ;Giu 8> 15)É

uu ngz ;fSf ;F vjpuhd midj ;J tbtq ;fs pYkhd ghugl;rq ;fis ,y ;yhnjhopg ;gjw ;fhd rkthak ; mur pay ;> nghUshjhu kw ;Wk ; fyhrhu tho ; ;f ;ifapy ; gq ;Nfw ;gjw ;fhd ngz ;fs pd ; cu pikf ;fhd Vw ;ghl;bidf ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ (cWg ;Giu 3)É

uu ,d u Pjpahd ghugl;rj ;ij ,y ;yhnjhopg ;gjw ;fhd ru ;tNjr rkthak ; fUj ;J ntspa PL> xd ;W $Ljy ; kw ;Wk ; mikg ;Gf ;fs py ; ,izjy ; kw ;Wk ; nghJ tptfhuq ;fis Nkw ;nfhs ;sy ; vd ;gd njhlh ;ghf ghugl;rk ; fhl;lg ;gLtjid jil nra ;fpd ;wJ (cWg ;Giu 5)É

uu fUj ;J ntspa Pl;Lr ; Rje ;jpuk ; mikg ;Gf ;fs py ; ,ize ;J nfhs ;Sk ; Rje ;jpuk ; kw ;Wk ; mikjpahf xd ;W $Lk ; Rje ;jpuk ;

13


vd ;gtw ;Wf ;fhd Vw ;ghLfis r pWtu ; cu pikfs ; njhlh ;ghd rkthak ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ (cWg ;Giufs ; 13> 15)É

uu cly ; Cd epiyfisf ; nfhz ;bUf ;Fk ; egu ;fs pd ; cu pikfs ; njhlh ;ghd rkthak ; mg pg ;g puhaq ;fis ntspa pLjy ; kw ;Wk ; fUj ;J ntspa Pl;Lr ; Rje ;jpuk ; vd ;gtw ;Wf ;fhd cu pikfisAk ;> jfty ;fisg ; ngw ;Wf ; nfhs ;sy ;> mur pay ; kw ;Wk ; nghJ tho ;f ;ifapy ; gq ;Nfw ;wy ; vd ;gtw ;Wf ;fhd cu pikiaAk ;> mNj Nghy fyhrhu tho ;f ;ifapy ; gq ;Nfw ;gjw ;fhd cu pikiaAk ; cj ;juthjg ;gLj ;Jfpd ;wJ (cWg ;Giufs ; 21> 29> 30)É

uu gyte ;jkhd tpjj ;jpy ; fhzhky ; Mf ;fr ; nra ;ag ;gLtjpypUe ;Jk ; midj ;J egu ;fSf ;Fk ; ghJfhg ;G toq ;FtJ njhlh ;ghd ru ;tNjr rkthak ;> gyte ;jkhf Ml;fs ; fhzhky ; Mf ;fr ; nra ;ag ;gl;l rk ;gtq ;fs pd ; re ;jh ;g ;gr ; #o ;epiyfisf ; fz ;lwpe ;J nfhs ;tjw ;Fk ;> mt ;t pjk ; fhzhky ; Ngha pUf ;Fk ; egu ;fSf ;F Neu ;e ;j fjpia fz ;lwpe ;J nfhs ;tjw ;Fk ;> gyte ;jkhf fhzhky ; Mf ;fg ;gl;l rk ;gtq ;fs pdhy ; ghjpf ;fg ;gl;l egu ;fSf ;F cjTtjw ;Fnkd mikg ;Gf ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; rq ;fq ;fs ; vd ;gtw ;iw mikj ;J> mtw ;w py ; gq ;Nfw ;gjw ;fhd cu pikf ;fhd Vw ;ghLfisf ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ (cWg ;Giu 24)É

uu midj ;J Fbngau ; njhopyhsh ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; mtu ;fSila FLk ;g cWg ;g pdu ;fs ; MfpNahu pd ; cu pikfSf ;F ghJfhg ;G toq ;FtJ njhlh ;ghd ru ;tNjr rkthak ;> mikg ;Gf ;fs py ; ,ize ;J nfhs ;tjw ;fhd cu pikf ;fhd Vw ;ghl;ilf ; nfhz ;Ls ;sJ (cWg ;Giu 26).

fUj;J ntspg;ghl;Lr; Rje;jpuk;> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;> mikjpahf xd;W $Lk; Rje;jpuk; vd;gdTk;> nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd cupikAk; Vida gy rptpy;> fyhrhu> nghUshjhu> murpay;> r%f cupikfis mDgtpg;gjw;fhd xU Clfkhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. rpwe;j tpjj;jpy; r%f khw;wq;fis vLj;J tUk; Nehf;fj;Jld; nraw;ghLfspy; <LgLtjw;nfd ngz;fs;> Mz;fs; kw;Wk; rpWtu;fs; MfpNahUf;F mit tYT+l;Lfpd;wd.

fUj;J ntspg;ghl;Lr; Rje;jpuk;. fUj;J ntspg;ghl;Lr; Rje;jpuk; midj;J tiffisAk; Nru;e;j jfty;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gtw;iwj; Njbg; ngw;W> kw;wtu;fSf;F gfpu;e;jspf;Fk; cupikiaAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. murpay; kw;Wk; rka ciuahly;fs; njhlh;ghd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fs;> nghJ tptfhuq;fs;> kdpj cupikfs; vd;gd njhlh;ghd jfty;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fs;> mNj Nghy fyhrhu kw;Wk; fiy ntspg;ghLfs; vd;gtw;iwAk; mit cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. fLikahfg; Gz;gLj;jf; $bait vd fUjg;glf; $ba fUj;Jf;fs; njhlh;ghd tiuaiwfSf;fikthf> ,jd; gug;ngy;iyapypUe;J tUfpd;wJ (cjhuzkhf ghh;f;fTk;: ghugl;rk; fhl;Ljy;> gifik my;yJ td;Kiw vd;gtw;iwj; J}z;lf; $baitahf ,Uf;ff;$ba Njrpa> ,dj;Jt my;yJ rka ntWg;G njhlh;ghd gug;Giufisj; jil

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nra;tJ njhlh;ghd ughl; nraw;jpl;lk;> mf;Nlhgh; 5> 2012). midj;J tbtq;fspyhd fUj;J ntspg;ghLfSf;Fk;> mit ntspg;gLj;jg;gLk; Clfq;fSf;Fk; ghJfhg;G toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ: Ngr;R nkhop> vOj;J nkhop kw;Wk; irif nkhop> glq;fshf> fiy gilg;Gf;fshf tha; nkhop rhuhj fUj;J ntspg;ghL. Gj;jfq;fs;> Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs;> Rtnuhl;bfs;> Nfypr; rpj;jpuq;fs;> gjhiffs; Milfs; kw;Wk; rl;l uPjpahd rku;g;gzq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;$lhfTk; fUj;Jf;fis ntspapl KbAk;. mJ midj;J tbtq;fspYkhd fl;Gy - nrtpg;Gy rhjdq;fs;> ,yj;jpudpay; kw;Wk; ,izak; rhh;e;j Clfq;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;$lhd fUj;J ntspg;ghLfisAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;. mikg;Gf;fs; vd;w gjk; $l;lhfr; nraw;gLk;> fUj;Jf;fis ntspapLk;> Nkk;gLj;Jk;> Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Yk; my;yJ nghJ eyd;fspd; Jiwfisg; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;nfd nraw;gLk; jdpegu;fs; my;yJ epWtdq;fspd; FOf;fisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; ,ize;J nfhs;sy; kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;wy; vd;gtw;iwAk; - my;yJ gq;Nfw;fhjpUf;Fk; njupitAk; - cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. ,it rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs; fofq;fs;> $l;LwTr; rq;fq;fs;> muR rhuh mikg;Gf;fs; rka mikg;Gf;fs;> murpay; fl;rpfs;> ngz;fs; rq;fq;fs;> kd;wq;fs; my;yJ ,izaj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fofq;fs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wd. 'Xu; mikg;G vt;tsT rpwpajhf ,Ue;J te;jhYk; rup> mjd; ,Ug;Gf;Fk;> nraw;ghl;Lf;Fnkd tsq;fisj; Njbg; ngw;W> gad;gLj;Jtjw;fhd Mw;wy; mtrpakhdjhFk;. mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk;> cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L kw;Wk; ru;tNjr %yq;fspypUe;J kdpj> gz;l kw;Wk; epjp tsq;fisj; Njbg; ngw;W> gad;gLj;JtjidAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ" (A/HRC/23/39, ge;jp 8).

mikjpahd tpjj;jpy; xd;W $Ltjw;fhd Rje;jpuk;. mikjpahd tpjj;jpy; xd;W $LtJ vd;gJ jpl;ltl;lkhd xU Nehf;fj;jpw;nfd xU jdpahh; ,lj;jpy; my;yJ nghJ ,lj;jpy; kf;fs; jw;fhypfkhf> m`pk;ir topapy; xd;W $LtjhFk;. ,J Mu;g;ghl;lq;fs; Ntiy epWj;jq;fs;> Nguzpfs;> nghJf; $l;lq;fs; my;yJ mku;e;jpUe;J vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpf;Fk; Nghuhl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd.

nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd cupik. nghJ tptfhuq;fis elj;jpr; nry;tJ vd;gJ xU gutyhd vz;zf; fUthf ,Ue;J tUtJld;> mJ murpay; mjpfhuj;ijg; gad;gLj;JtJld; - Fwpg;ghf rl;lthf;f mjpfhuk;> epiwNtw;W mjpfhuk; kw;Wk; epu;thf mjpfhuk; vd;gtw;iw gad;gLj;JtJld; - rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. mJ nghJ epu;thfj;jpd; midj;J mk;rq;fs; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr> Njrpa> gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; cs;@u; kl;lq;fspy; nfhs;iffis cUthf;fp> mKyhf;fk; nra;jy; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. Rje;jpukhf njupT nra;ag;gl;bUf;Fk; gpujpepjpfSf;$lhf my;yJ Neubahf ,g;gq;Nfw;G ,lk;ngw KbAk;É murpay; mikg;Gf;F xg;Gjy; toq;Fjy; my;yJ mjid khw;wpaikj;jy;> rl;lq;fis tiujy; kw;Wk; nfhs;iffis mgptpUj;jp nra;jy;> ru;t[d

15


thf;nfLg;Gf;$lhf nghJg; gpur;rpidfisj; jPu;khdpj;jy;> cs;@u; tplaq;fs; njhlh;ghd KbTfis vLf;Fk; mjpfhuq;fSld; $ba tpjj;jpy; nghJr; rigfspy; gq;Nfw;wy; vd;gtw;iw mJ cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. murpay; kw;Wk; nghJ tptfhuq;fs; njhlh;ghd mikg;Gf;fis cUthf;fp> mtw;wpy; ,ize;J nfhs;sy; vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;fpa tpjj;jpy; mikg;Gf;fspy; ,izAk; Rje;jpuk; nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd cupikf;F mj;jpahtrpakhdjhFk;.

ghugl;rk; fhl;lhjpUj;jy;. NkNy Fwpg;gplg;gl;l cupikfs; vj;jifa Ngjq;fSk; ,y;yhky; - mjhtJ> ,dk;> epwk;> ghy;> nkhop> kjk;> murpay; my;yJ Vida mgpg;gpuahk;> ghy;epiy milahsk;> Njrpa my;yJ r%fj; Njhw;Wtha;> nrhj;J> gpwg;G my;yJ Vida me;j];J vd;gd njhlh;ghd vj;jifa Ngjq;fSk; ,y;yhky; - midj;J jdp egu;fSf;Fk; cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. ,e;j cupikfs; ngz;fs;> rpWtu;fs;> goq;Fb kf;fs;> cly; Cdq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; Ml;fs;> rpWghd;ik FOf;fisr; Nru;e;j Ml;fs; my;yJ GwnkhJf;fg;gLk; my;yJ ntspNaw;wg;gLk; Mgj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; FOf;fs; Mfpa midj;Jf; FOf;fSf;Fk; nghUe;Jfpd;wd. jkJ ghypay; ehl;lk; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy milahsk; vd;gtw;wpd; fhuzkhf ghugl;rj;jpw;F cs;shf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; kf;fs;> ehl;bd; gpui[fs; my;yhj kf;fs;> mfjpfs;> FbNawpfs;> mNj Nghy gjpT nra;ahjpUf;Fk; FOf;fs;> fofq;fs; Mfpa jug;Gf;fis ,J cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

,e;j ru;tNjr ju epakq;fs; murpd; midj;J fpisfSf;Fk; nghUe;Jfpd;wdÉ epiwNtw;Wj; Jiw> rl;lthf;fj; Jiw kw;Wk; ePjpj;Jiw> Njrpa> gpuhe;jpa my;yJ cs;@u; kl;lq;fs;> Vida nghJ murhq;f mjpfhu rigfs; NkYk; Rje;jpuq;fis mDgtpg;gjw;F ,ilA+W tpistpf;ff; $ba tpjj;jpy; jdpegu;fspdhy; my;yJ epWtdq;fspdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; nray;fspypUe;J> muR> Ml;fSf;F ghJfhg;G toq;f Ntz;bAs;sJ. ,e;j cupikfis kf;fs; mDgtpg;gjid Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Kjd;ikahd nghWg;gpid muRfs; nfhz;Ls;sd.

fUj;J ntspg;ghLr; Rje;jpuq;fs;; > mikg;Gf;fspy; ,izjy; kw;Wk; mikjpahf xd;W $Ljy; mtw;Wld; ,ize;j tpjj;jpy; tpNrl flikfs; kw;Wk; nghWg;Gf;fs; vd;gtw;iwAk; nfhz;Ls;sd. vdNt> mtw;iw mDgtpf;Fk; nghOJ xU rpy tiuaiwfSf;fikthfNt mDgtpf;f KbAk;. mJ rk;ge;jkhd ve;jnthU tiuaiwAk;> Vidatu;fspd; cupikfis my;yJ ew;ngaiug; ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; fz;bg;ghd NjitfSf;F kl;Lk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;É my;yJ Njrpa ghJfhg;G> nghJ xOq;F vd;gtw;iw ghJfhg;gjw;F my;yJ nghJr; Rfhjhuk; my;yJ xOf;f newpfs; vdgtw;iwg; ghJfhg;gjw;F kl;Lk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;. vdpDk;> gy;fl;rp [dehaf Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; kdpj cupikfs; vd;gd njhlh;ghd VNjDk; gug;Giufisj; jil nra;tjw;nfd ,f;fhuzq;fisg; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.

kdpj cupikfs; fkpl;b> nghJf; Fwpg;G ,y. 34> cWg;Giu 19: mgpg;gpuhak; kw;Wk;

fUj;J ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuq;fs;> CCPR/C/GC/34; kw;Wk; nghJf; Fwpg;G 25 cWg;Giu 25:

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nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;Nfw;Fk; cupik CCPR/C/21 Rev1/add 7. mikjpahf xd;W$ly;

kw;Wk; mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;sy; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cupik

njhlh;ghd I eh tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if A/HRC/20/27 kw;Wk; A/HRC/23/39

'murhq;fq;fisAk; cs;slf;fpa tpjj;jpy; vtuplKk; vy;yh tptuq;fSk;> kpfr; rpwe;j fUj;Jf;fSk; ,Ue;J tutpy;iyÉ my;yJ ehq;fs; jPu;j;J itg;gjw;F Kaw;rpf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSf;F mbr;rulhf ,Ue;J tUk; fhuzq;fis ehq;fs; KOtJkhf mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. $l;L ghz;bj;jpaj;jpd; %yk; kl;LNk ehq;fs; gadila KbAk;. vdNt> midj;J jug;gpduJk; - Fwpg;ghf> xU Kbit Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Kd;du; GwnkhJf;fg;gl;l Fuy;fisAk; cs;slf;fpa midj;Jj; jug;gpduJk; - fUj;Jf;fis ehq;fs; nrtp kLg;gJ Kf;fpakhFk;. cjhuzkhf> kdpj cupikfs; fkpl;b tpupthd gy %yhjhuq;fspypUe;J jfty;fisr; Nrfupf;fpd;wJ: murhq;fq;fsplkpUe;Jk;> I eh mikg;Gf;fsplkpUe;Jk;> rptpy; r%fj;jpduplkpUe;Jk; mt;tpjk; jfty;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,J vkJ ,Wjp mtjhdpg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; gupe;Jiufs; vd;gtw;iw typAWj;Jtjw;F cjTfpd;wJ. NkYk;> murhq;fq;fs; vLf;f Ntz;ba eltbf;iffs;> mit mj;jhl;rpg;gLj;jpapUf;Fk; kdpj cupikfs; xg;ge;jq;fspd; fPo; me;j muRfs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; flg;ghLfSld; nghUe;jpr; nry;yf; $ba tpjj;jpy; rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; eilKiwfs; vd;gtw;iw cUthf;fpf; nfhs;tjw;Fj; Njitahd gbKiwfis Nkw;nfhs;tjidAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd."

Nguhrpupau; Nru; id[y; nuhl;yp> jiytu;> If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; fkpl;b> mf;Nlhgh; 2014

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4. r pt py ; r%f nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fs ; vjpu ;nfhz ;L tUk ; rthy ;fs ;

rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; cs;@u; kl;lj;jpYk;> Njrpa kl;lj;jpYk;> gpuhe;jpa kl;lj;jpYk; my;yJ cyfshtpa kl;lj;jpYk; ,ilA+Wfis vjpu;nfhs;s KbAk;. mtu;fs; Nkw;nfhz;L tUk; rl;lG+u;tkhd eltbf;iffspd; jhf;fj;ijj; jLj;J> Fiwj;J> epWj;jp my;yJ jpir jpUg;Gk; Nehf;fj;Jld; ,e;j ,ilA+Wfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl KbAk;. Vnddpy;> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; murhq;f epiyg;ghLfs;> nfhs;iffs;> nray;fs; vd;gd njhlh;ghf tpku;rdq;fis Kd;itf;fpd;wdh;É my;yJ mtw;iw vjpu;j;J tUfpd;wdh;.

,it Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; RahjPdk; njhlh;ghd jlq;fy;fs;; my;yJ rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F vjpuhd Jd;GWj;jy;> gaKWj;jy; kw;Wk; gopthq;Fjy; (mjhtJ> jz;lid my;yJ gopjPu;j;jy;;) vd;gtw;iwAk; cs;slf;f KbAk;.

rptpy; r%f gzpfspd; jhf;fj;ij jLg;gjw;F> Fiwg;gjw;F my;yJ epWj;Jtjw;F my;yJ jpir jpUg;Gtjw;nfd Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; topKiwfs;

Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; RahjPdk; vd;gd

njhlh;ghd fl;Lg;ghLfs;

Jd;GWj;jy;> gaKWj;jy;

gopthq;Fjy;fs;

rl;l uPjpahdit

rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghdit

18


4.1 rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gzpfSf;F ,ilA+W tpistpf;Fk; rl;lj;ij my;yJ tpjpKiwfis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;;l topKiwfs;

rl;lq;fs; kw;Wk; xOq;Ftpjpfs; vd;gd rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspd; Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; RahjPdk; vd;gtw;iw fl;Lg;gLj;j KbAk;. cjhuzkhf> gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; %yk; Rje;jpuk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;glyhk;:

uu rhjfkhd mD$yq ;fis toq ;fhj tpjj ;jpy ;> gjpT nra ;tjw ;fhd Njit (cjhuzk ;> tu pr ; rYiffs ;)

uu Nkw ;nfhs ;sf ; $ba eltbf ;if tifffs ; njhlh ;ghd tiuaiwfs ;

uu gjpT nra ;ag ;glhj eltbf ;iffs ; njhlh ;ghf Fw ;wt pay ; jilfs ;

uu ru ;tNjr muR rhuh mikg ;Gf ;fs ; my ;yJ ntspehl;L epjpg ;gLj ;jiy ngw ;Wf ; nfhs ;Sk ; mikg ;Gf ;fs ; my ;yJ kd pj cu pikfs ; njhlh ;ghf nraw ;gl;L tUk ; FOf ;fs ; vd ;gtw ;iwAk ; cs ;slf ;fpa tpjj ;jpy ; jpl;ltl;lkhd fofq ;fis gjpT nra ;tJ njhlh ;ghf tiuaiwfis tpjpj ;jy ;

uu ahh ; eltbf ;iffis nghWg ;Ngw ;f KbAk ; my ;yJ vd ;d eltbf ;iffis Nkw ;nfhs ;s KbAk ; vd ;gJ njhlh ;ghf msTNfhy ;fis epu ;zapj ;jy ; my ;yJ eltbf ;iffis tiuaiw nra ;jy ;.

uu epjp fpilf ;Fk ; %yq ;fisf ; fl;Lg ;gLj ;Jjy ; (mjhtJ ntspehl;L epjp %yq ;fs ;) kw ;Wk ;

uu mikjpahf xd ;W$Ltjw ;fhd Rje ;jpuk ;> mikg ;Gf ;fs py ; ,iztjw ;fhd Rje ;jpuk ; kw ;Wk ; fUj ;J ntspg ;ghl;Lr ; Rje ;jpuk ; vd ;gd njhlh ;ghd ghugl;rkhd Vw ;ghLfisf ; nfhz ;bUf ;Fk ; rl;lthf ;fk ;É my ;yJ xU r py FOf ;fs pd ; k PJ tpfpjhrhu mstpYk ; ghh ;f ;f kpjkpQ ;r pa mstpyhd vjpu ;kiw jhf ;fq ;fis vLj ;J tuf ; $ba rl;lthf ;fk ;.

mJ jtpu> mOj;jk; $ba epu;thf xOq;Ftpjpfs; kw;Wk; jw;WzpG topKiwfs; vd;gd rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; jkJ eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLg;gjid jil nra;aNth my;yJ jhkjpf;fNth KbAk;.

jfty; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cupik fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLk; nghOJ> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; nfhs;if cUthf;fj; Jiwapy; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f tpjj;jpy; jiyapLtjw;fhd Fiwe;j mstpyhd Mw;wiyNa ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;whh;fs;. mehtrpakhd tpjj;jpy; FWfpa my;yJ fz;bg;ghd gq;Nfw;G khjpupfs; (cjhuzkhf> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; \mtjhdpg;ghsh; me;j];J| my;yJ NgRtjw;fhd cupikfs; tiuaWf;fg;gLjy;). KbTfis vLf;Fk; nrad;Kiwfspy;

19


gq;Nfw;gjidf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; ,j;jifa topKiwfs; gq;Nfw;G njhlh;ghf mtu;fs; vjpu;nfhs;Sk; gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd jilfshf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; njhlh;ghd juepakq;fs; ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpYk;> mNj Nghy Njrpa kw;Wk; cs;@u; kl;lq;fspYk; gpuNahfpf;fjf;fitahFk;.3

4.2 jd;dpr;irahd topKiwfs;

rptpy; r%fk; murhq;fj;jpd; epiyg;ghLfs;> nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; nray;fs; vd;gtw;iw tpku;rdk; nra;Ak; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; my;yJ mtw;iw vjpu;f;Fk; re;jh;g;gj;jpy; rl;lG+u;tj; jd;ik kw;Wk; rl;lj;ij mKy; nra;jy; vd;gtw;wpd; Nghh;itapy; rl;l Vw;ghLfs; jd;dpr;irahd tpjj;jpy; gpuNahfpf;fg;gl KbAk;. (cjhuuzkhf fWg;G gzj;ij nts;isahf;Fjy;> gaq;futhj vjpu;g;G> Njrpa ghJfhg;G> nghJ kf;fs; xOf;f newpKiwfs;> mtJ}W> Njrpa ,iwikia ghJfhj;jy;). mit gpd;tUk; nray;fshf ,Ue;J tu KbAk;:

uu Kfhikj ;Jtk ; kw ;Wk ; cs ;sf MSif njhlh ;ghd EZf;fkhd Nrhjidfs ;

uu gjpit uj ;J nra ;tjhf mr ;RWj ;jy ; my ;yJ cz ;ikapy ; gjpit uj ;J nra ;jy ;

uu mYtyfj ;ij gyte ;jkhf %lr ; nra ;jy ;

uu NjLjy ; elj ;jp> nrhj ;Jf ;fis ifg ;gw ;Wjy ;

uu kpjkpQ ;r pa mstpyhd mguhjq ;fs ;

uu ngha ; tof ;Ffis Nrhbj ;jy ;

uu jd ;d pr ;irahd ifJfs ; kw ;Wk ; jLj ;J itg ;Gf ;fs ;

uu gazj ; jilfs ;

uu Njr pa me ;j] ;ij gwpj ;jy ;

uu vjpu ;g ;G eltbf ;iffs ; my ;yJ $l;lq ;fs ; vd ;gtw ;iw jd ;d pr ;irahd tpjj ;jpy ; tiuaiw nra ;jy ; my ;yJ uj ;J nra ;jy ;

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;F> ghJfhg;ghd> ,aYikia ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; xU #oiy cUthf;fp> guhkupj;J tUtJ njhlh;ghd I eh kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapd; jPu;khdk; 24Æ21 gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ: 'xU rpy re;jh;g;gq;fspy; cs;ehl;L rl;l kw;Wk; epu;thf Vw;ghLfs;... ru;tNjr rl;lj;jpw;F Kuzhd tpjj;jpy;> rptpy; r%fj;jpd; gzpfSf;F Fe;jfk; tpistpg;gjw;F my;yJ rptpy; r%fj;jpd; ghJfhg;Gf;F Mgj;J tpistpg;gjw;F Kaw;rpj;Js;sdÉ my;yJ J~;gpuNahfk; nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd."

3 gy;jug;G epWtdq;fspd; gpd;Gyj;jpy;> mikjpahf xd;W $Ltjw;nfd mikg;Gf;fis

cUthf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; Rje;jpuk; Fwpj;j I eh tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if A/69/365

20


4.3 rl;lj;jpw;F Gwk;ghd tpjj;jpy; Jd;GWj;Jjy;> gaKWj;Jjy; kw;Wk; gopthq;Fjy;fs;

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd ,lj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jf; $ba tpjj;jpy; rl;l uPjpahf tpjpf;fg;gLk; tiuaiwfs; kw;Wk; jd;dpr;irahf gpuNahfpf;fgg;Lk; rl;lq;fs; vd;gd jtpu> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fis my;yJ mtu;fSila FLk;gq;fis ,yf;fhff; nfhz;L Nkw;nfhs;sg;glf; $ba mr;RWj;jy;fs; my;yJ Vida topfspyhd cstpay; mOj;jq;fs; my;yJ cly; uPjpahd jhf;Fjy;fs; vd;gd mtu;fs; Rje;jpukhf gzpahw;WtjpypUe;Jk; mtu;fis jLj;J epWj;j KbAk;. mtw;Wf;fhd cjhuzq;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iwAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wd:

uu mr ;RWj ;Jk ; t pjj ;jpy ; njhiyNgr p nra ;jpfis mDg ;g p itj ;jy ;

uu fz ;fhzpg ;G

uu cly ; my ;yJ ghypay ; u Pjpahd jhf ;Fjy ;fs ;

uu nrhj ;Jf ;fis mopj ;jy ;

uu njhopiy ,y ;yhky ; nra ;jy ; my ;yJ tUkhdj ;ij ,of ;fr ; nra ;jy ;

uu r pt py ; r%f nraw ;ghl;lhsh ;fs ; \mur pd ; t pNuhjpfs ;| vd my ;yJ \Njrj ; JNuhfpfs ;| vd my ;yJ ntspehl;Lr ; rf ;jpfSf ;fhf nraw ;gl;L tUgtu ;fs ; vd Nygy ;fis Fj ;jp> mtu ;fSf ;nfjpuhd fsq ;fg ; g pur ;rhuj ;ij Nkw ;nfhs ;sy ;.

uu fhzhky ; Mf ;fg ;gLk ; rk ;gtq ;fs ;

uu r pj ;jputij kw ;Wk ;

uu nfhiyfs ;

'kf;fs; kw;Wk; rptpy; r%f FOf;fs; Mfpa jug;gpdu; Vidatu;fspd; tho;f;if epiyikfis tpUj;jp nra;Ak; nghUl;L ngUk;ghyhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; capu; Mgj;Jf;fis vjpu;nfhs;fpd;wdh;. jhk; epue;jukhf nksdpf;fr; nra;ag;gl KbAk; vd;w tplaj;ijj; njupe;jpUe;Jk; $l mtu;fs; FunyOg;Gfpd;whh;fs;. kw;wtu;fs; myl;rpak; nra;af; $ba my;yJ mwpahky; $l> ,Ue;J tUk; gpur;rpidfis mtu;fs; Kd;itf;fpd;whh;fs;. mtu;fs; vkJ cupikfisg; ghJfhf;fpd;whh;fs;. MfNt> mtu;fSf;F mtu;fSila cupikfs; toq;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;."

I eh nrayhsh; ehafk; ghd; fp %d; rptpy; r%fj;jpw;F Mjutspg;gJ njhlh;ghf epfo;j;jg;gl;l cau;kl;l epfo;tpy;

Kd;itj;j fUj;Jf;fs;> nrg;lk;gu; 23> 2013

'fupridfis vLj;Jf; $WtjpypUe;Jk; kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs; mikg;G my;yJ Vida ru;tNjr nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; Mfpa jug;gpdUld; ,ize;J gzpahw;WtjpypUe;Jk; jLg;gjw;nfd

21


kdpj cupik nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; my;yJ rhl;rpfs; kPJ epfo;j;jg;gLk; Jd;GWj;jy;> gaKWj;jy; kw;Wk; gopthq;Fjy; nray;fs; %yk; mtu;fs; kPJ mOj;jk; gpuNahfpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. mNj Neuj;jpy;> ,j;jifa nray;fs; nghJ kf;fs; cs;sq;fspy; xU mr;r czu;it Vw;gLj;Jgitahf ,Ue;J tUtJld;> mlf;FKiwAld; $ba xU #oiyAk; cUthf;Ffpd;wd. mit fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuk;> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;J nfhs;Sk; kw;Wk; mikjpahf xd;W $Lk; Rje;jpuk; Nghd;w xU [dehaf rKjhaj;jpd; mj;jpahtrpakhd Rje;jpuq;fspd; Fuy; tisia eRf;Ffpd;wd."

J}Jtu; ycuh LNg y];]hNu n[dPth I eh mYtyfj;jpy; cUFNt ehl;Lf;fhd epue;ju gpujpepjp kw;Wk;

kdpj cupik Nguitapd; jiytu; (2011 - 2012)

kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fshf nraw;gLk; ngz;fs;

kdpj cupikfs; ghJfhtyu;fshf nraw;gl;L tUk; ngz;fs;> mtu;fSila Mz; rfhf;fs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; mNj tifapyhd Mgj;Jf;fSf;F cl;gl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy;> ngz;fs; vd;w tifapy; mtu;fs; jpl;ltl;lkhf ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd mr;RWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; ghy;epiy mbg;gilapyhd td;Kiw vd;gtw;Wf;Fk; ,yf;fhfp tUfpd;wdh;. ngUk;ghyhd re;jh;g;gq;fspy; ngz; kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fs; r%fj;jpy; epytp tUk; FLk;gk; kw;Wk; Mz; tfp gq;Ffs; Fwpj;j ghuk;gupa fUj;Jf;fSf;F rthy; tpLg;gtu;fshf Nehf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,J rhjhuz nghJ kf;fSk;> mjpfhupfSk; ,tu;fSld; gifik ghuhl;Ltjw;F topNfhy KbAk;. ngz; kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fs; r%fj; jiytu;fs;> ek;gpf;iffis mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l rkaf; FOf;fs;> FLk;gq;fs; kw;Wk; r%fq;fs; Mfpa jug;Gf;fspdhy; GwnkhJf;fg;gLtjw;Fk;> Xuq;fl;lg;gLtjw;Fk; Mshf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wdh;. ,g;ngz;fs; jkJ gzpfSf;$lhf rkak;> nfsutk; my;yJ fyhrhuk; vd;gtw;Wf;F mr;RWj;jy; tpLj;J tUfpd;whh;fs; vd mj;jug;gpdu; fUJfpd;wdh;.

,J jtpu> mtu;fs; nra;Ak; gzp my;yJ mtu;fs; rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;s Kaw;rpf;Fk; fhupaq;fs; (cjhuzkhf> ngz;fs; cupikfis ntd;nwLj;jy; my;yJ ghy;epiy rk;ge;jg;gl;l cupikfis ntd;nwLj;jy; Nghd;wit) mtu;fisj; jhf;Fjy;fspd; ,yf;Ffshf Mf;fpAs;sd. mtu;fsJ FLk;;gj;jpdUk; mr;RWj;jy; kw;Wk; td;Kiw vd;gtw;Wf;F ,yf;fhfp tUfpd;wdh;. ,j;jifa nray;fspd; Nehf;fk; ngz; kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyu;fis mbikg;gLj;jp> mtu;fs; jkJ gzpfis Kd;ndLg;gjpypUe;Jk; mtu;fisj; ijupakpof;fr; nra;tjhFk;. NkYk;> ngz; kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyu;fs; xU rpy tiffisr; Nru;e;j td;Kiw kw;Wk; Vida cupik kPwy;fs;> ghugl;rk;> GwnkhJf;fg;gLk; epiy kw;Wk; ntWj;njhJf;fg;gLjy; vd;gtw;iw vjpu;nfhs;Sk; Mgj;ij>

22


mtu;fSila Mz; rfhf;fspYk; ghh;f;f mjpfstpy; vjpu;nfhs;s NeupLfpd;wJ. ghJfhg;G nghwpKiwfisg; gyg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L> cs;@u; kl;lj;jpYk; ru;tNjr kl;lj;jpYk; ,j;jifa jpl;ltl;lkhd rthy;fs; mq;fPfupf;fg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;. ngz; kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fSf;nfjpuhd gaKWj;jy;fs;> mr;RWj;jy;fs;> td;Kiw kw;Wk; Vida tifapyhd J~;gpuNahfq;fs; vd;gd - mit mur jug;gpdhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lhYk;> muR rhuhj jug;gpduhy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lhYk; rup - KOikahf tprhuizf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;.

kdpj cupikfs; ghJfhtyu;fshf nraw;gLk; ngz;fs; njhlh;ghf mjd; KjyhtJ jPu;khdj;ij - jPu;khdk; 68Æ181 I - I eh nghJr; rig 2013 Mk; Mz;L epiwNtw;wpaJ. mj;jPu;khdk; midj;J taJg; gpuptpdiuAk; Nru;e;j kdpj cupikfs; ghJfhtyu;fshd ngz;fs; vjpu;nfhz;L tUk; mikg;G uPjpahd kw;Wk; fl;likg;G uPjpahd ghugl;rk; kw;Wk; td;Kiw vd;gd njhlh;ghf fupridfis vOg;gpapUe;jJld;> mtu;fspd; ghJfhg;ig cj;juthjg;gLj;Jtjw;F muRfs; Njitahd midj;J topKiwfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. NkYk;> kdpj cupikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd ,aYikAld; $ba ghJfhg;ghd #onyhd;iw cUthf;Ftjw;fhd jkJ Kaw;rpfspy; muRfs; ghy; epiy fz;Nzhl;lq;fisAk; xUq;fpizj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd mJ Nfl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ.

Nfhl;Nl b tau; - kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fis Nkk;gLj;jp> mtu;fSf;F ghJfhg;G toq;Ftjw;fhd rl;lk; (2013)> kdpj cupikfs; ghJfhtyu;fs; njhlh;ghd gpufldj;jpy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; gy cupikfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ. fUj;Jr; Rje;jpuj;jpw;fhd cupik> mikg;Gf;fis cUthf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; cupik> muR rhuh mikg;Gf;fs; tsq;fis mZFtjw;fhd cupik> ru;tNjr mikg;Gf;fsplk; jfty;fisr; rku;g;gpg;gjw;fhd cupik> gopthq;fy;fspypUe;J ghJfhg;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd cupik Nghd;w cupikfis mr;rl;lk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. NkYk;> mJ kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fisAk;> mtu;fSila FLk;gj;jpdiuAk;> mtu;fSila tPL thry;fisAk; jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J ghJfhj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; flg;ghl;bidAk; > mj;jifa jhf;Fjy;fs; ,lk;ngWk; re;jh;g;gq;fspy; tprhuiz elj;jp> mtw;Wf;F nghWg;ghdtu;fSf;F jz;lid toq;Ftjw;fhd flg;ghl;bidAk; cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ. ngz; cupik ghJfhtyu;fs; Fwpg;ghf vjpu;Nehf;fp tUk; mr;RWj;jy;fisAk;> mtu;fs; njhlh;ghd ghJfhg;Gj; NjitfisAk; mr;rl;lk; mq;fPfupf;fpd;wJ. ,r;rl;lk; Nfhl;Nl btau; ehl;bd; kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fSf;fhd $l;likg;G kw;Wk; Nkw;F Mgpupf;f kdpj cupikfs; ghJfhtyu;fspd; tiyaikg;G vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;fpa rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fspdhy; tuNtw;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

23


I eh mikg;Gld; xj;Jiof;Fk; fhuzj;jpdhy; jdpegu;fs; kw;Wk; FOf;fSf;nfjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUk; gaKWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; gopthq;fy;fs;

'If;fpa ehLfs; mikg;gpd; epfo;r;rpepuy; neLfpYk; vkJ gzpfis Kd;ndLJ;Jr; nry;tjpy; rptpy; r%fk; ikakhd Xuplj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghf kl;Lkd;wp> rkhjhdk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G> mNj Nghy mgptpUj;jp vd;gd njhlh;ghd I eh tpd; gzpfspy; mJ xU Kf;fpakhd ghj;jpuj;ij tfpj;J tUfpd;wJ. rptpy; r%fk; ,g;NghJ Kd;ndhU NghJk; ,y;yhj tifapy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngw;Ws;sJÉ my;yJ mjd; Njit mtrpakhf cs;sJ. If;fpa ehLfSld; xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLk; jdpegu;fSf;F vjpuhd gopthq;fy;fs; kw;Wk; gaKWj;jy;fs; vd;gd Vw;Wf; nfhs;s KbahjitahFk;. vkJ rhrdk; kw;Wk; mfpyk; jOtpa kdpj cupikfs; gpufldk; vd;gtw;wpd; gzpg;ghizAld; $ba vkJ gzpfis Kd;ndLg;gjw;F rptpy; r%fj;jpdu; vkf;F cjtp tUfpd;wdu;. Mdhy;> ,t;tpjk; fhupaq;fisr; nra;gtu;fs;> vk;Kld; ,ize;J gzpahw;wp tUk; Vidatu;fisAk; ijupakpof;fr; nra;tjw;fhf mt;thW nraw;gl;L tUfpd;whh;fs;. [dehaf Fuy;fisg; gyg;gLj;Jk; nghUl;L ehq;fs; xt;nthU fl;lj;;jpYk; eltbf;iffis Kd;ndLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;."

I eh nrayhsh; jhafk; ghd; fp %d;> rptpy; r%fj;jpw;F Mjutspf;Fk; nghUl;L ,lk;ngw;w cau; kl;l epfo;tpy; Kd;itj;j Fwpg;Gf;fs;> nrg;lk;gh;

23> 2013

'vk;Kld; xj;Jiog;gu;tfspd; xj;Jiog;G ,y;yhky; kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd mjd; tpiykjpf;f Kbahj gzpia I eh mikg;gpdhy; Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;y KbahJ. mtu;fs; gaKWj;jg;gl;L> gopthq;fy;fSf;F ,yf;fhFk; nghOJ mtu;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;l egu;fshf MfptpLfpd;whh;fs;. Mdhy;> ehq;fSk; Kw;wpYk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;wtu;fshf ,Ue;J tutpy;iy. mtu;fspd; xj;Jiog;gpd; Fuy;tis eRf;fg;gLk; nghOJ> kdpj cupikfs; Jiwapy; vkJ gzpfspdJk; juk; Fiwtilfpd;wJ."

I eh nrayhsh; ehafk; ghd; fp %d;> gopthq;Fjy; njhlh;ghd cau; kl;l FOf; fye;Jiuahlypy; Kd;itj;j

$w;W> ept;Nahh;f; 2011

kdpj cupikfs; Jiwapy; If;fpa ehLfs; mikg;Gld; xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gl;L tUk; jdpegu;fs; my;yJ FOf;fSf;nfjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;L tUk; gaKWj;jy; nray;fs; my;yJ gopthq;Fjy;fs; vd;gd Fwpg;ghf mjpu;r;rpA+l;Ltdthf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd. I eh kdpj cupikfs; Kiwikapd; gzpfspy; jdpegu;fs; kw;Wk; FOf;fs; gq;Nfw;f Ntz;ba Njit kw;Wk; mjw;fhd cupik vd;gd cyfshtpa uPjpapy;

24


mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; epiyikf;F kj;jpapYk;> ,j;jifa nray;fs; mwpf;ifaplg;glhJ> njhlh;e;J ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd.

I eh nghwpKiwfSld; my;yJ I eh mjpfhupfSld; rk;ge;jg;gl;L nraw;gLtjd; fhuzkhf (cjhuzkhf> mwpf;iffs;> rku;g;gzq;fs;> $l;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; rk;ge;jg;gLtjd; fhuzkhf) jdpegu; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; gaKWj;jy; my;yJ gopthq;fy; vd;gtw;iw vjpu;nfhs;s KbAk;. murhq;f mjpfhupfspdhy; mr;RWj;jg;gLjy; my;yJ Jd;GWj;jg;gLjy; vd;gtw;iw Fwpg;gpl KbAk;. cau; kl;l mjpfhupfs; ntspapLk; gfpuq;f mwpf;iffSf;$lhfTk; ,J ,lk;ngw KbAk;É $l;lq;fspy; gq;Nfw;gjw;nfd mtu;fs; nry;tJ jLf;fg;gl KbAk;É jkJ nraw;ghLfs; fz;fhzpf;fg;gLtjid my;yJ fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLtjid rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; fz;L nfhs;s KbAk;. r%f tiyj;jsq;fs;> mr;R Clfq;fs; my;yJ njhiyf;fhl;rp vd;gtw;wpy; ,j;jifatu;fSf;nfjpuhf mtJ}Wg; gpur;rhuq;fs; rhjhuzkhf ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. njhiyNgrp miog;Gf;fs;> FWQ; nra;jpfs; my;yJ Neubj; njhlh;Gfs; vd;gtw;Wf;$lhf ,e;j mr;RWj;jy;fs; tpLf;fg;gl KbAk;. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; ifJ nra;ag;glyhk;É jhf;FjYf;Fl;gLj;jg;glyhk;É rpj;jputijf;Fs;shf;fg;glyhk;É my;yJ nfhiy nra;ag;glf;$l KbAk;.

kdpj cupikfs; Nguit ,g;gpur;rpid njhlh;ghf gy jPu;khdq;fis epiwNtw;wpAs;sJ. jPu;khdk; 24Æ24 kw;Wk; 12Æ2 vd;gdTk; mtw;wpy; mlq;Ffpd;wd. kdpj cupikfs; Jiwapy; I eh Tld; xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLgtu;fSf;F vjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtjhf $wg;gLk; gopthq;Fjy; rk;gtq;fs; njhlh;ghf nrayhsh; ehafk; tUlhe;jk; mwpf;ifapLfpd;whh;. nrayhsh; ehafKk;> kdpj cupikfs; MizahsUk; mj;jifa gopthq;Fjy; nray;fs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;s Kbahjit vd;gjidAk;> mj;jifa nray;fs; njhlh;ghf I eh tpd; jug;gpypUe;J ngUksTf;F xUq;fpizf;fg;gl;l vjpu;tpid Njitahf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ vd;w tplaj;ijAk; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; Fwpg;gpl;L te;Js;sdh;. Vida kdpj cupik nghwpKiwfSk; gopthq;Fjy; rk;gtq;fSf;F vjpuhf tYthd> kpfTk; gfpuq;fkhd epiyg;ghl;nlhd;iw vLj;Js;sd.

gopthq;Fjy; njhlh;ghd kdpj cupikfs; xg;ge;jq;fspd; Vw;ghLfs;

nghUshjhu> r%f kw;Wk; fyhrhu cupikfs; njhlh;ghd rkthaj;jpd; Nkyjpf xOq;FKiw - cWg;Giu 13

Xu; mur jug;G> mjd; epahahjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; ,Ue;J tUk; jdpegu;fs;> jw;Nghija xOq;FKiwf;F mikthf fkpl;bAld; njhlh;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;tjd; tpisthf vj;jifa tbtq;fspyhd Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Nfh my;yJ gaKWj;jYf;Nfh cs;shf;fg;glhjpUg;gjid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F nghUj;jkhd midj;J topKiwfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

25


njhlh;ghly; eilKiw njhlh;ghf rpWtu; cupikfs; rkthaj;jpd; Nkyjpf xOq;FKiw - cWg;Giu 4

Xu; mur jug;G> mjd; epahahjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; ,Ue;J tUk; jdpegu;fs; jw;Nghija xOq;Ftpjpf;F mikthf fkpl;bAld; njhlh;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;tjd; tpisthf my;yJ xj;Jiog;gjd; tpisthf vj;jifa tbtq;fspyhd kdpj cupik kPwy;fSf;Nfh> Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Nfh my;yJ gaKWj;jYf;Nfh cs;shf;fg;glhjpUg;gjid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F nghUj;jkhd midj;J topKiwfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

ngz;fSf;nfjpuhd midj;J tbtq;fspYkhd ghugl;rq;fisAk; ,y;yhnjhopg;gjw;fhd rkthaj;jpw;fhd Nkyjpf xOq;FKiw- cWg;Giu 11

Xu; mur jug;G> mjd; epahahjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; ,Ue;J tUk; jdpegu;fs; jw;Nghija xOq;FKiwf;F mikthf fkpl;bAld; njhlh;ghliy Nkw;nfhs;tjd; tpisthf vj;jifa tbtq;fspyhd Jd;GWj;jy;fSf;Nfh my;yJ gaKWj;jYf;Nfh cs;shf;fg;glhjpUg;gjid cWjpg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F nghUj;jkhd midj;J topKiwfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk;.

M];jpupahtpd; 1982 Mk; Mz;bd; xk;Gl;];kd; mjpfhup rig rl;lj;jpd; ge;jp 18 gpd;tUk; Vw;ghl;il nfhz;Ls;sJ: 'rpj;jputijiaj; jLg;gJ njhlh;ghd cg fkpl;b> xk;Gl;];kd; mjpfhu rig my;yJ mjd; %yk; cUthf;fg;gLk; Mizf;FOf;fs; vd;gtw;Wf;F jfty;fis toq;Ftjd; fhuzkhf ve;jnthU egUk; jz;lidf;Fl;gLj;jg;glyhfhJÉ my;yJ NtW tpjj;jpy; gpujp$yq;fis vjpu;nfhs;sf; $lhJ.

nkhd;bndf;Nuh - nkhd;bndf;Nuh 2007 murpay; mikg;gpd; cWg;Giu 56 gpd;tUk; Vw;ghl;ilf; nfhz;Ls;sJ: 'murpayikg;gpd; %yk; cj;juthjg;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk; cupikfs; kw;Wk; Rje;jpuq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; ghJfhg;G njhlh;ghf ru;tNjr epWtdq;fspd; cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; cupikia midtUk; nfhz;Ls;shh;fs;."

Jd;GWj;jy;> gaKWj;jy; kw;Wk; gopthq;Fjy; nray;fs; vd;gtw;Wld; ,ize;j tpjj;jpyhd rl;l kw;Wk; epu;thf uPjpahd jlq;fy;fs;> rptpy; r%fk; murhq;fj;Jld; tfpj;J tu Ntz;ba Mf;fG+u;tkhd kw;Wk; Fiwepug;G $l;Lr; nraw;ghl;bid Fiwf;fpd;wd. mit rptpy; r%fg; gzpfis jLg;gjid> Fiwg;gjid> mtw;Wf;F mgfPu;j;jp tpistpg;gjid> epWj;Jtjid my;yJ jpirjpUg;Gtjid Nehf;fkhff; nfhz;Ls;sd. ,e;j ntspia Nkk;gLj;jp> mtu;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd> ,aYikia ngw;Wf; nfhLf;Fk; xU #oiy cWjpg;gLj;jj; jtWjy;> ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lj;jpd; fPo; muRfs; nfhz;bUf;Fk; flg;ghLfSf;F Kuzhditahf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd.

26


rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Kjd;ik nghWg;gpid muRfs; nfhz;Ls;sd. Mdhy;> kdpj cupikfis Nkk;gLj;jpr; nry;tjw;fhd jkJ gzpfs; fhuzkhf rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; mgha epiyfis vjpu;nfhz;L tUk; nghOJ> mtu;fSf;F Mjutspj;J> mtu;fisg; ghJfhg;gJ njhlh;ghf ru;tNjr r%fk; xU gfpu;e;J nfhs;Sk; mf;fiwiaf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

27


5. vd ;dhy ; vd ;d nra ;a KbAk ;? Ieh rigapd ; gf ;fk ; jpUk ;Gjy ;

rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; MjuitAk;> topfhl;LjiyAk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F mZff;$ba jdpj;Jtkhd xU ru;tNjr muq;fpid ru;tNjr kdpj cupikfs; rl;lk; toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;j muq;F kdpj cupikfSf;fhd Ieh Mizahsh; mYtyfk; (OHCHR)> kdpj cupikfs; xg;ge;j mikg;Gf;fs;> kdpj cupikfs; Nguit kw;Wk; mjd; (tpNrl eilKiwfs; gzpg;ghizfs;> mfpyk; jOtpa gUtfhy kPsha;T Kjypa) nghwpKiwfs; vd;gtw;iw cs;slf;Ffpd;wJ.

'ru;tNjr kdpjNea juepakq;fs;> ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;bUf;Fk; tpOkpaq;fisr; rhjpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;nfd rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fs; gug;Giu nra;tjw;fhd ,aYikia toq;Fk; cyfshtpa rl;lfnkhd;iw Kd;itf;fpd;wd. ,e;jj; ju epakq;fs; rptpy; r%f mikg;Gf;fspd; nraw;ghLfSf;F rl;lG+u;t me;j];ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhLg;gJ kl;Lkd;wp> murhq;fq;fspd; kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd flg;ghLfis RahjPdkhd tpjj;jpy; fz;fhzpg;gjw;fhd xU gaDs;s NkiliaAk; toq;Ffpd;wd. ru;tNjr kdpjNea nghwpKiwfs; rptpy; r%fj;jpw;F ,aYikia ngw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk; xU #oYf;nfd gug;Giu nra;tjw;F mj;jpahtrpakhd xU NkilahfTk; vOr;rpaile;Js;sd. Fwpg;ghf> fl;Lg;ghL epytptUk; gpd;Gyq;fspy; $Uzu;T nfhz;l gpur;rpidfs; njhlh;ghf tpopg;Gzu;itAk;> ciuahliyAk; J}z;Lk; nghUl;L Ieh kdpj cupikfs; mikg;Gf;fs; Njrpa rptpy; r%ff; FOf;fSf;F epu;zafukhd xU EioTg; Gs;sp;ia toq;Ffpd;wd."

fyhepjp nldp =];fe;juh[h nrayhsh; ehafk; CIVICUS: gpui[fs; gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd cyfshtpa $l;likg;G>

mf;Nlhgh; 2014

If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; nghwpKiwfs; rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lj;ijg; ghJfhf;ff; $ba ,uz;L topfs; ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd.4

rptpy; r%fj;jpd; ,lj;jpw;fhd jlq;fy;fs;> mr;RWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk; rpwe;j eilKiwfs; vd;gd Fwpj;j Mtzg;gLj;jy;. kdpj cupik epiyikfs; njhlh;ghf Mtzg;gLj;Jjy;> Ieh kdpj cupikfs; nghwpKiwfspd; jiyaPl;Lf;fhd mbg;gilia toq;Ffpd;wd.

4 ,g;nghwpKiwfspd; gpujhd mk;rk; Fwpj;J Vw;fdNt gupr;rakpy;yhjpUe;J tUk;

thrfu;fs; kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh; mYtyfj;jpd; Working with United Nations Human Rights Programme vd;w rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd ifE}iy guprPyid nra;AkhW Nfl;Lf;

nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wdh;. NkYk;> Practical Guides for Civil Society, including How to Follow Up on United Nations Human Rights Recommendations vd;w gpuRuj;jpy; NkYk; topfhl;Ljy; kw;Wk; mwpTiufs; vd;gtw;iw ngw;Wf; nfhs;s KbAk;.

28


rpwg;ghf Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;L> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspdhy; rupghh;f;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; jfty;fs;> eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd xU tYthd fhuzj;ij Kd;itf;fpd;wd. mj;jfty;fs; ngUksTf;F ek;gfj;jd;ik kpf;fitahfTk;> nraYf;Fj; J}z;lf; $baitahfTk; ,Ue;J tUtJld;> mtw;iw kWg;gJk; fbdkhf cs;sJ. NkYk;> kdpj cupikfis Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhg;gjw;fhd tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f xU topahfTk; mJ ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; kw;Wk; mtu;fs; nraw;gl;L tUk; ntsp vd;gd vjpu;nfhz;LtUk; jlq;fy;fs;> mr;RWj;jy;fs; vd;gd njhlh;ghd (cjhuzkhf> Jy;ypakhd tplaq;fs; Fwpj;j jfty;fs;> ftdkhd gFg;gha;Tfs; kw;Wk; gupe;Jiufs; Nghd;w) Mtzq;fisg; gfpu;e;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fsplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNghy ,J Nghd;w rpwe;j eilKiwfis Ieh kdpj cupikfs; nghwpKiwf;F toq;Fjy; Ntz;Lk;.

fpilf;Fk; ,lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;sy;. ru;tNjr khehLfs; kw;Wk; $l;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpy; gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd tha;g;Gf;fis my;yJ epGzu;fspd; tp[aq;fspd; NghJ gq;Nfw;gjw;fhd tha;g;gpid gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fsplk; Nfl;Lf;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. rptpy; r%fk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,lk; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;J tpopg;Gzu;it J}z;Ltjw;Fk;> mNjNghy gupe;Jiufs;> ntw;wpfukhd cj;jpfs; vd;gtw;iwg; gfpu;e;Jnfhs;tjw;Fk; rku;g;gzq;fs;> tpla tpsf;ff; $l;lq;fis Vw;ghL nra;jy; kw;Wk; gq;Nfw;ghsh;fSf;F kj;jpapy; tiyaikg;Gf;fis cUthf;Fjy; vd;gtw;Wf;$lhf tha;g;Gf;fs; fpilj;J tUfpd;wd.

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lk; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfs; Fwpj;J Ieh kdpj cupikfs; nghwpKiwfSld; nraw;gLtJ> jkJ gzpapd; NghJ rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lj;ijg; ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> cs;@u; kl;lj;jpy; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F tYT+l;Ltjw;Fnkd (cjhuzkhf rl;l> epu;thf kw;Wk; Vida topKiwfs; njhlh;ghd ru;tNjr KbTfs; kw;Wk; gupe;Jiufs; Nghd;w) ngWNgWfisg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;fhd rhj;jpag;ghl;il toq;Ffpd;wd.

j f t y ; f i s g q ; f s p g ; G r ; nra;jy;

gq;Nfw;wy;

ru;tNjr• fhz;Gfs;• KbTfs;• mwpf;iffs;• jPu;khdq;fs;• $w;Wf;fs;• Nkd; KiwaPLfs;

c s ; @ u ; nraw ;ghl ;Lf ;F M j u ts p j ; J > tbtikg;gjw;fhd fUtpfs;

Ieh kdpj c u p i k f s ; Kiwik

29


Ieh kdpj cupikfs; gzpg;ghizfs; kw;Wk; nghwpKiwfs; vd;gtw;wpd; ngWNgWfSf;fhd cjhuzq;fs;:

uu xg ;ge ;j mikg ;Gf ;fs pd ; ,Wjp mtjhd pg ;Gf ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; jd pg ;gl;l rk ;gtq ;fs ; njhlh ;ghd fUj ;Jf ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; gu pe ;Jiufs ;É

uu ehLfs ; njhlh ;ghd tp[aq ;fs pd ; NghJ rku ;g ;g pf ;fg ;gLk ; mwpf ;iffspy ; cs ;slf ;fg ;gl;bUf ;Fk ; kjpg ;g PLfs ;> gu pe ;Jiufs ; kw ;Wk ; KbTiufs ;> kd pj cu pikg ; Nguitapd ; t pNrl eilKiwfspd ; %yk ; (Rahj Pdkhd epGzu ;fs ;) jd pg ;gl;l egu ;fs ; njhlh ;ghf Kd ;itf ;fg ;gLk ; njhd pg ;nghUs ; rhh ;e ;j mwpf ;iffs ; kw ;Wk ; njhlh ;ghly ;fs ;É

uu mfpyk ; jOtpa k Psha ;Tfs pypUe ;J fpilf ;Fk ; gu pe ;Jiufs ;É

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; Nguit kw ;Wk ; nghJr ;rig vd ;gtw ;w pd ; j Pu ;khdq ;fs ;> g pNuuizfs ; kw ;Wk ;É

uu tprhuiz Mizf;FOf ;fs pd ; mwpf ;iffs ;> cz ;ikiaf ; fz ;lwpAk ; mwpf ;iffs ; kw ;Wk ; kd pj cu pikfs ; Nguitapdhy ; ] ;jhg pf ;fg ;gl;bUf ;Fk ; Vida mt ;tg ;Nghija re ;jh ;g ;gq ;fSf ;fhd kd pj cu pikfs ; Gydha ;Tg ; nghwpKiwfs ;É

uu Ieh nrayhsh ; ehafj ;jpd ; $w ;Wf ;fs ;É

uu Ieh kd pj cu pikfs ; Mizahsu pd ; $w ;Wf ;fs ;> mwpf ;iffs ; kw ;Wk ; Ma ;Tfs ; (cjhuzk ; fsj ;jpy ; Nkw ;nfhs ;sg ;gLk ; eltbf ;iffs ; njhlh ;ghd mwpf ;iffs ;É kd pj cu pikfs ; Nguitapdhy ; my ;yJ Ieh nghJr ;rig vd ;gtw ;why ; gzpg ;ghiz toq ;fg ;gl;L> Nkw ;nfhs ;sg ;gLk ; ehL kw ;Wk ; jiyg ;G mbg ;gilapyhd mwpf ;iffs ;)É

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; Jiwapy ; Ieh mikg ;Gld ; xj ;Jiog ;Gld ; nraw ;gl;L tUk ; jd pegu ;fSf ;F my ;yJ FOf ;fSf ;F vjpuhf tpLf ;fg ;gLk ; gaKWj ;jy ;fs ; my ;yJ gopthq ;fy ; nray ;fs ; vd ;gd njhlh ;ghd nrayhsh ; ehafj ;jpd ; Mz ;lwpf ;iffs ;É kw ;Wk ;

uu nrayhsh ; ehafk ;> kd pj cu pikfSf ;fhd Mizahsh ; my ;yJ kd pj cu pikfs ; epGzu ;fs ; MfpNahh ; gfpuq ;f mwpf ;iffs ; %yk ; ehLfsplk ; t pLf ;Fk ; Ntz ;LNfhs ;fs ;.

,f;fhz;Gfs; kw;Wk; gupe;Jiufs; vd;gd cs;@u; nraw;ghLfSf;F Mjutspj;J> mtw;iw tbtikg;gjw;Fk;> mNjNghy ghJfhg;Gf;fhd gug;Giu kw;Wk; topfhl;Ljy; vd;gtw;Wf;Fkhd tYthd fUtpfshf ,Ue;J tu KbAk;. cjhuzkhf> rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; gpd;tUtdtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;sKbAk;:

uu Ieh kd pj cu pikfs ; KiwikapypUe ;J fpilj ;jpUf ;Fk ; gu pe ;Jiufis mKy ; nra ;tjpy ; kj ;jpa kw ;Wk ; cs ;@u ; kl;l murhq ;fj ;JlDk ; nraw ;gLjy ; KbAk ;É

uu ehl;by ; kd pj cu pikfs ; eilKiwfs ; njhlh ;ghd ru ;tNjr gFg ;gha ;Tfs ; kw ;Wk ; vjpu ;g ;ghh ;g ;Gf ;fs ; vd ;gd Fwpj ;J cs ;@u ; r%fq ;fs pd ; t popg ;Gzu ;itj ; J}z ;Ljy ;É

30


uu kj ;jpa murhq ;f kl;lj ;jpYk ;> cs ;@u ; kl;lj ;jpYk ; mjpfhu pfs ; Nkw ;nfhz ;bUf ;Fk ; vjpu ;t pidfs ; kw ;Wk ; topKiwfs ; vd ;gtw ;iwf ; fz ;fhzpj ;J kjpg ;g pLjy ;É

uu mjpfhuG+u ;tkhd> tpUg ;G ntWg ;gw ;w nkhopg ;g puNahfk ;> t pidj ;jpwd ; kpf ;f cj ;jpfs ; kw ;Wk ; r pwe ;j eilKiwfs ;> j Pu ;Tfs ; vd ;gtw ;w pw ;$lhf jw ;Nghija gug ;Giu nray ;fisg ; gyg ;gLj ;jpf ;nfhs ;sy ;É

uu r pt py ; r%f mikg ;Gf ;fSf ;fpilapYk ;> r pt py ; r%f mikg ;Gf ;fSf ;F cs ;NsAk ; mNjNghy nghJkf ;fSf ;F kj ;jpa pYk ; mg pg ;g puhaq ;fis cUthf ;Fjy ;É

uu $l;lhz ;ikfisf ; fl;bnaOg ;Gjy ;É

uu murhq ;f mjpfhu pfSldhd ciuahlypd ; juj ;ij tpUj ;jpnra ;jy ;É

uu nfhs ;if cUthf ;fj ;jpw ;F gq ;fs pg ;Gr ; nra ;jy ;É

uu rl;l eltbf ;if> tof ;Fj ; njhLj ;jy ; vd ;gtw ;iw Nkw ;nfhs ;sy ;É

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; nghwpKiwfspd ; njhlh ; eltbf ;iffSf ;F gq ;fs pg ;Gr ; nra ;jy ;É

uu Ieh nghwpKiwfSf ;F jd pg ;gl;l Kiwg ;ghnlhd ;iw rku ;g ;g pf ;f tpUk ;Gk ; jd pegu ;fs ; njhlh ;ghf kjpg ;g PLfis Nkw ;nfhz ;L> njhopy ;El;g MNyhridiag ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhLj ;jy ;.

Vida ehLfs; njhlh;ghd If;fpa ehLfs; mikg;gpd; fhz;Gfs;> Vida ,lq;fspy; ,Nj khjpupapyhd mDgtq;fspd; NghJ gpd;gw;wg;gl;l cj;jpfs; Fwpj;j kpfTk; tskhd xU jfty; %ykhf ,Ue;J tUfpd;wd.

Ieh kdpj cupik nghwpKiwfs;; nraw;gLk; tpjk;

nghJthf> Ieh kdpj cupik nghwpKiwfs; kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd gpur;rpidfisf; ftdj;jpy; vLf;Fk; tplaj;jpy; xNu khjpupahd xU nrad;Kiwiag; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd. rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fspd; gue;j tPr;rpyhd %yq;fspypUe;J jfty;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wdÉ my;yJ ngwg;gLfpd;wd. mt;tpjk; ngwg;gLk; jfty;fs; xNu rPuhd jd;ik> ek;gfj;jd;ik kw;Wk; Jy;ypaj; jd;ik vd;gtw;iwj; njupe;J nfhs;tjw;nfd mit gFg;gha;T nra;ag;gl;L> guPl;rpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. me;jj; jftypy; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; rhuhk;rj;ij njspTgLj;jpf;nfhs;tjw;F ,g;nghwpKiw rk;ge;jg;gl;l muRld; vOj;J %ykhd Xu; ciuahliy Muk;gpf;fpd;wJÉ my;yJ Neubahd ciuahliy Muk;gpf;fpd;wJ. ,e;jg; gpur;rpidiaj; jPu;f;Fk; tpjk; Fwpj;J mJ murplk; gupe;Jiufis Kd;itf;f KbAk;É kw;Wk; gupe;Jiufis mKy; nra;tjw;nfd cjTk; nghUl;L mjw;Fj; Jizepw;f KbAk;. gpd;du; gupe;Jiufspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij kjpg;gpLtjw;nfd NkYk; jfty;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

31


cly; CdKw;w egu;fspd; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l ];ghdpa fkpl;bapd; (CERMI) cWg;gpdu;fs; 2011 Vg;uy; khjj;jpy; cly; CdKw;w egu;fspd; cupikfSf;fhd fkpl;bapd; (CRPD) 5tJ mku;tpy; gq;Nfw;wJld;> gpur;rpidfspd; gl;baiy jahupg;gjw;Fk; gq;fspg;ig toq;fpdhh;fs;. mJ xU mwpf;ifiar; rku;g;gpj;jJld;> fkpl;baplk; tplaq;fis vLj;J tpsf;fpaJ. mjd; gpd;du; ];ngapd; murhq;fj;jplk; Kd;itf;fg;gl;bUe;j gupe;Jiufs; njhlh;ghd njhlh; eltbf;iffisAk; Nkw;nfhz;lJ. Fwpg;ghf> cly; CdKw;w egu;fspd; gpujpepjpfisf; nfhz;l ];ghdpa fkpl;b (CERMI)> cly; Cd epiy fhuzkhf thf;Fupik gwpf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; egu;fs; njhlh;ghf kPz;Lk; thf;Fupikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd xU gue;j gpur;rhu ,af;fj;ijj; Jtf;fp itj;jJ. mr;re;jh;g;gj;jpy; Rkhh; 80>000 Ngu; ghjpf;fg;gl;bUe;jdh;. fkpl;b gpd;tUkhW gupe;Jiu nra;jpUe;jJ: 'cly; Cdq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; midj;J egu;fSk;> mtu;fSila Cd epiy> rl;l me;j];J my;yJ trpg;gplk; vd;gd vd;dthf ,Ue;J te;j NghjpYk;> thf;Fupikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjid cWjpg;gLj;Jk; tpjj;jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l rl;lq;fs; midj;Jk; kPsha;T nra;ag;gLjy; Ntz;Lk;" (CRPD/C/ESP/CO/1, ge;jp 48). 'cq;fSf;F thf;fspf;Fk; cupik cs;sJÉ vtUk; mjid mgfupj;Jf; nfhs;sKbahJ" vd;w jiyg;gpyhd xU topfhl;biaAk; cs;slf;fpa tpjj;jpy; ,e;j Kaw;rpfs; Kd;ndLf;fg;gl;ld. ,e;j topfhl;b thf;Fupikia kPz;Lk; ngw;W> mDgtpg;gjw;F mtrpakhd eilKiw topKiwfis tpupthf vLj;Jf;fhl;bapUe;jJ. CERMI mikg;gpd; gug;Giu nraw;ghLfspd; tpisthf> cr;r ePjpkd;wj;jpd; tof;Fj;njhLdu;> cly; CdKw;w egu;fspd; thf;Fupikiag; ghJfhf;FkhW gpuhe;jpa tof;Fj; njhLdu;fsplk; Nfl;Lf;nfhz;lhh;. NkYk;> cly; Cdq;fisf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; egu;fs; CRPD apd; KbT mtjhdpg;Gf;fSld; ,ize;j tpjj;jpy;> rl;lj;ijj; jpUj;Jk; tplaj;jpYk; murhq;fk; kw;Wk; fhq;fpu]; vdgtw;Wld; CERMI gug;Giufis Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jJ. cj;Njr jpUj;jk; xd;W fhq;fpu]; kd;wj;jpd; ntt;NtW cWg;gpdu;fSf;Fk;> murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; mDg;gp itf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.

(muRfs; rptpy; r%f

nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; Kjypa)

%yq;fspypUe;J jfty;fisr; Nrfupj;jy;

muRf;fhd gupe;Jiufs;

kdpj cupik Nguitf;F muR

mwpf;ifaply; (UPR kw;Wk; xg;ge;j mikg;Gf;fs;)

mKyhf;fy; kw;Wk; njhlh; eltbf;if

muRldhd ciuahly;fs;

32


rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd ,lj;ij Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;Sk; nghUl;L> kf;fis cs;@u; kl;lj;jpy; mzpjpul;Ltjw;Fk;> murhq;f mjpfhupfis Cf;Ftpg;gjw;fhd Njrpa cj;jpfSf;F Mjuitg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;Fk; rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; ru;tNjr r%fj;jpd; Fuiyg; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;s KbAk;.

ehd;; vd;d nra;a KbAk;?uu cq ;fs ; ehL njhlh ;ghd Ieh kd pj cu pik Mtzk ; Fwpj ;J nju pe ;J itj ;jpUg ;gJld ;> mjidg ; gfpu ;e ;J nfhs ;sy ;.

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Countries/Pages/HumanRightsintheWorld. aspx

uu mUfpypUf ;Fk ; kd pj cu pikfs ; Mizahsh ; mYtyfj ;ij (OHCHR) my ;yJ ehl;Lf ;fhd Ieh mzpia mZfTk ;. kd pj cu pikfs ; Mizahsh ; mYtyfj ;jpd ; r pt py ; r%fg ; g pu pTld ; r pt py ; r%fj ;jpw ;fhd ,lk ; Fwpj ;j cq ;fs ; mDgtq ;fis vLj ;Jf ;fhl;Lk ; mwpf ;ifiag ; gfpu ;e ;J nfhs ;sTk ;: [email protected] kd pj cu pikfs ; xg ;ge ;j mikg ;Gf ;fs pd ; gzpfSf ;F gq ;fs pg ;Gr ; nra ;tJ vg ;gb? kw ;Wk ; mjpy ; gq ;Nfw ;gJ vg ;gb vd ;gjidf ; fz ;lwpe ;J nfhs ;Sq ;fs ;:

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/NgoHandbook/ ngohandbook4.pdf

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; xg ;ge ;jnkhd ;w pd ; f Po ; Kiwg ;ghnlhd ;iw rku ;g ;g pAq ;fs ;É nghUj ;jkhdtplj ;J> ,ilf ;fhy epthuzj ;ij my ;yJ cldb eltbf ;ifiaf ; NfhuTk ;:

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/FactSheet7Rev.2.pdf

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; Nguitapd ; t pNrl eilKiwfs ; epGzu ;fs plk ; Kiwg ;ghnlhd ;iwr ; rku ;g ;g pAq ;fs ;.

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/SP/Pages/Communications.aspx

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; Nguitapd ; Kiwg ;ghLfs ; eilKiwf ;F xU Kiwg ;ghl;ilr ; rku ;g ;g pAq ;fs ;.

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/HRBodies/HRC/ComplaintProcedure/Pages/HRCComplaintProcedureIndex.aspx

uu r pt py ; r%fj ;jpw ;Fu pa ,lk ; Fwpj ;j cq ;fSila jfty ;fs ;> mDgtq ;fs ; vd ;gtw ;iw kd pj cu pikfs ; Nguitapd ; mku ;Tfs py ; gfpu ;e ;Jnfhs ;Sq ;fs ;.

h t t p : / / w w w . o h c h r . o r g / D o c u m e n t s / H R B o d i e s / H R C o u n c i l /PracticalGuideNGO_en.pdf

33


uu kd pj cu pikfs ; Nguitapd ; cq ;fs ; ehL njhlh ;ghd mfpyk ; jOtpa gUtfhy k Psha ;t pd ;NghJ r pt py ; r%fk ; Fwpj ;j jfty ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; mDgtq ;fs ; vd ;gtw ;iwg ; gfpu ;e ;Jnfhs ;Sq ;fs ;.

h t t p : / / w w w . o h c h r . o r g / E N / H R B o d i e s / U P R / D o c u m e n t s / PracticalGuideCivilSociety.pdf

uu kd pj cu pikfs ; Jiwapy ; If ;fpa ehLfs ; mikg ;G> mjd ; g pujpepjpj ;Jt mikg ;Gf ;fs ; kw ;Wk ; nghwpKiwfs ; vd ;gtw ;Wld ; xj ;Jiog ;Gld ; nraw ;gLk ; vtNuDk ; jd pegu ;fs ; my ;yJ FOf ;fSf ;nfjpuhf ,lk ;ngw ;wjhff ; $wg ;gLk ; Jd ;GWj ;jy ;> gaKWj ;jy ; my ;yJ gopthq ;Fjy ; rk ;gtq ;fs ; Fwpj ;j tpu pthd rhd ;WfSld ; $ba jfty ;fisg ; gopthq ;Fjy ;fs ; njhlh ;ghd nrayhsh ; ehafj ;jpd ; Mz ;lwpf ;iff ;fhd gq ;fs pg ;ghf toq ;fTk ;. [email protected] Ieh nrayhsh ; ehafj ;jpd ; my ;yJ kd pj cu pikfs ; Mizahsu pd ; njhd pg ; nghUs ; rhh ;e ;j mwpf ;iffSf ;F cs ;s PLfis toq ;fTk ;:

uu tpNrl eilKiwfspd ; njhd pg ;nghUs ; rhh ;e ;j mwpf ;iffs ; kw ;Wk ; ehLfs ; njhlh ;ghd mwpf ;iffs ; vd ;gtw ;Wf ;F cs ;s PLfis toq ;fTk ;:

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/NgoHandbook/ ngohandbook6.pdf

uu Ieh kd pj cu pikfs ; Fwpj ;J nghwpKiwfspy ; jfty ;fisg ; ngw ;Wf ;nfhs ;Sk ; nghUl;L mjd ; r pt py ; r%fg ; g pu pt py ; kpd ;dQ ;ry ; gl;baypy ; ,ize ;J nfhs ;Sq ;fs ;.

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspx

vjph;ghh;g;Gf;fisr; rkhspj;jy;

fUj;J ntspg;ghL> mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;Jnfs;sy;> mikjpahf xd;W$ly; vd;gtw;Wf;fhd Rje;jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gw;Nfw;gjw;fhd cupik vd;gtw;iw Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Kjd;ikg; nghWg;gpid muRfs; nfhz;Ls;sd. rptpy; r%fr; nra;w;ghl;luh;fs;; Ieh kdpj cupik Kiwik kw;Wk; Vida nraw;ghl;lhsh;fs; Mfpa jug;Gf;fSld; ,ize;J muRfs; jkJ flg;ghLfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F cjtKbAk;.

tpjpKiwfs; my;yJ rl;lq;fs; vd;gtw;wpd; mbg;gilapy; rptpy; r%fk; vjph;nfhz;L tUk; jlq;fy;fisf; ftdj;jpy; vLg;gjw;nfd khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F nghJthf xU ePz;l fhyg; gpupT Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. mNjNtisapy;> Jd;GWj;Jjy;> gaKWj;Jjy; kw;Wk; rptpy; r%fr; nraw;ghl;lhsh;fSf;F vjpuhf gopthq;Fjy; nray;fs; Nghd;w

34


nraw;ghLfs; njhlu;ghf cldbf; ftdk; Njitg;gLfpd;wJ. rk;ge;jg;gl;l gpur;rpidf;Fg; nghUe;jf;$ba Ieh gzpg;ghiz my;yJ nghwpKiw vd;gtw;iw ,J njhlu;ghf gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhFk;.

ve;jnthU epiyikapYk; rhjfkhd ngWNgW xd;iw ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;nfd nry;thf;Fr; nrYj;Jk; Mw;wy; xU $l;L Kaw;rpahf ,Ue;J tUtJld;> mJ nghJthf gue;j tPr;rpyhd nraw;ghl;lhsu;fis mzpjpul;Ltjd; %yk; jPu;khdpf;fg;gLk;. mr; nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; cs;@u;g; nghJkf;fs;> Vida rptpy; r%f nra;wgl;lshu;fs; (cs;@u;; kw;Wk; ru;tNjr)> Njrpa kdpj cupik epWtdq;fs;> Clfq;fs;> murq;f mjpfhupfs; murpay;thjpfs;> Vida ehLfs; kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa ru;tNjr r%fq;fs; Mfpa jug;Gf;fis cs;slf;fpd;wJ.

rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lhsu;fs; Ieh kdpj cupikfs; KiwikAld; ,ize;J nraw;gLtJ khw;wj;jpw;fhd Fuy;fisg; gd;klq;F ngUf;Ftjw;Fk;> mjd; Ntfj;ij mjpfupg;gjw;Fkhd topahFk;. rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd ,lj;ij Nkk;;gLj;jp> ghJfhj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhd tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f xl;Lnkhj;j gug;Giu cj;jpnahd;wpd; xU $whf mJ ,Ue;J tUfpd;wJ.

gpur;rpidf;fhd jPu;T

murpd; midj;J fpisfs;- epiwNtw;W- ePjp- rl;lthf;f

Clfq;fs;

nghJ kf;fs;

rptpy; r%f nraw;ghl;lh sh;fs;

murhq;f mjpfhupfs;

murpay; thjpfs; Njrpa

kdpj cupik

epWtdq;fs;ehLfs;

If;fpa ehLfs;

Vida ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs;

35


6. Mtz tsq ;fs ;

If;fpa ehLfspd; tsq;fs;

If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupik epfo;r;rpj;jpl;lj;Jld; gzpahw;Wjy; - rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU ifÁy; (Working with the Human Rights Programme: A Hand book for Civil Society)

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/CivilSociety/Documents/Handbook_ en.pdf

If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; gupe;Jiufs; njhlu;ghf Nkw;nfhz;L eltbf;ifnaLg;gJ vg;gb - rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU eilKiw topf;fhl;b

h t t p : //www.ohch r . o rg/Documen t s/Abou tUs/C i v i l So c i e t y/HowtoFollowUNHRRecommendations.pdf

kdpj cupikfSf;fhd Mizahsh; mYtfj;jpd; Kfhikj;Jtj; jpl;;lk; (2014-2017)> [dehaf ntspia tpupthf;Ftjw;fhd njhdpg;nghUs; rhu;e;j cj;jp (gf;. 72-83)

http://www2.ohchr.org/english/OHCHRreport2014_2017/OMP_Web_ version/media/pdf/10_Democratic_space.pdf

kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyu;fs;; njhlu;ghd gpufldk;.

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/SRHRDefenders/Pages/Declaration.aspx

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fhpa ,lj;ij Nkk;gLj;jp> ghJfhg;gjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; Fwpj;j kdpj cupikfs; Nguitapd; FOf; fye;Jiuahlypd; rhuk;rk;> A/HRC/27/33.

kdpj cupikfs; fkpl;b> nghJf;Fwpg;G ,y. 34 cWg;Giu> 19: mgpg;gpuhak; kw;Wk; fUj;J ntspaPl;L Rje;jpuq;fs;> CCPR/C/GC/34.

mikg;Gf;fspy; ,ize;Jnfhs;Sk; Rje;;jpuk; njhlh;ghd rl;lk; Fwpj;j xU kjpg;gPL kdpj cupikg; ghJfhtyh;fspd;; epytuk; njhlu;ghd tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if> A/64/226.

ngz; kdpj cupik ghJfhtyh; njhlu;ghd xU Ma;T> kdpj cupik ghJfhtyh;fspd; epytuk; njhlu;ghd tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if> A/HRC/16/44.

36


kdpj cupik ghJfhtyh;fSf;F ghJfhg;ghd> ,aYikiag; ngw;WnfhLf;Fk; #oy; xd;wpd; $Wfs;> kdpj cupik ghJfhtyu;fspd; epytuk; njhlu;ghd tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if> A/HRC/25/55

epjp tsq;fis mZFtjw;fd epWtdq;fspd; Mw;wy;> mikjpahf xd;W$Ltjw;fhd Rje;jpuk; njhlh;ghd cupik Fwpj;j tpNrl mwpf;ifahsupd; mwpf;if A/HRC/ 23/39

kdpj cupikfs; Jiwapy; If;fpa ehLfs; mikg;G> mjd; gpujpepjpj;Jt mikg;Gf;fs; kw;Wk; mjd; nghwpKiwfs; vd;gtw;wpd; xj;Jiog;Gld; nraw;gLtJ njhlh;ghd nrayhsh; ehafj;jpd; mwpf;iffs; (A/HRC/27/38, A/HRC/24/29, A/HRC/21/18, A/HRC/18/19, A/HRC/14/19)

mj;jpahak; 16> rptpy; r%fj;Jld; njhlh;Gnfhs;sy; kw;Wk; $l;Lr; nraw;ghLfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;> kdpj cupikfs; fz;fhzpg;Gj; njhlh;ghd kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh; mYtyfj;jpd; ifE}y;

http://www.ohchr.org/Documents/Publications/Chapter16-MHRM.pd

njupT nra;ag;gl;l rptpy; r%f tsq;fs; kw;Wk; Vdia tsq;fs;

Njrpa rl;lq;fs; njhlh;ghd Nfhl;ghLfs; kw;Wk; $Wfs; Fwpj;j guPl;rpg;Gg; gl;bay; (,yhg Nehf;fw;w rl;lk; njhlh;ghd ru;tNjr epiyak;)

http://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Transnational/checklisten.pdf

KbTfis vLf;Fk; nrad;Kiwfspy; rptpy; r%f gq;Nfw;G khjpupfSf;fhd rpwe;j eilKiwfSf;fhd Nfhit> INuhg;gpa Nguit

http://www.coe.int/t/ngo/code_good_prac_en.asp

gopthq;fy;fs; Fwpj;j ifE}y; (kdpj cupikfSf;fhd ru;tNjr Nrit) Reprisals Handbook (International Service for Human Rights) -

http://www.ishr.ch/news/reprisals-handbook

,aYikiag; ngw;Wf;nfhLf;Fk; #oy; Fwpj;j Rl;nlz; 2013 (CIVICUS)-

http://www.civicus.org/downloads/2013EEI%20REPORT.pdf

37


7. vk ;Kld ; njhlh ;G nfhs ;Sq ;fs ;

kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh; mYtyfj;jpd; (OHCHR) rptpy; r%fg; gpupTld; gpd;tUkhW njhlh;G nfhs;s KbAk;:

[email protected]

njhiyNgrp: +41 (0) 22 917 9656

rptpy; r%f kpd;dQ;ry; Kiw> kdpj cupikfs; njhlh;ghd midj;J gzpg;ghizfs; kw;Wk; nghwpKiwfs; vd;gd Fwpj;j gpe;jpa jfty;fisAk;> topfhl;Ljy;fisAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ. mNjNghy epjpfs;> nfhilfs; kw;Wk; Muha;r;rp> cjtp vd;gtw;Wf;fhd tpz;zg;gq;fisr; Ntz;ba jpfjpfs; Fwpj;J jfty;fisAk; mJ toq;Ffpd;wJ. ,e;j kpd;dQ;rypy; re;jhjhuuhtjw;F rptpy; r%f ,izajsj;ij mZfTk;:

http://www.ohchr.org/EN/AboutUs/Pages/CivilSociety.aspx

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU eilKiw topfhl;b

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;Fupa ,lk; kw;Wk; If;fpa ehLfs; kdpj cupikfs; Kiwik

kdpj cupikfs; Mizahsh; mYtyfk

Palais des NationsCH 1211 Geneva 10- Switzerland Telephone: + 41 (0)22 917 90 00Fax: +41 (0) 22 917 90 08www.ohchr.org

rptpy; r%fj;jpw;fhd xU eilKiw topfhl;bM

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