Educating The Adult WorkforceAn Economic and Demographic Necessity
Presented by
03 November2011
Dr. James L. ApplegateVice President, Lumina Foundation
The Big GoalTo increase the percentage of Americans
who hold high-quality degrees and credentials to 60 percent by 2025.
• 278,000 graduates per year, every year
• A 6.3% annual increase• Current production yields 112,000
additional graduates per year• The gap = 166,000 graduates per year
nationally
What Must The U.S. Do To Reach the Big Goal?
Definition of Success
Participation
Completion
Attainment
WHY IS ACHIEVING THE BIG GOAL IMPORTANT?
Korea
Canad
aJa
pan
Irelan
d
Norway
New Zea
land
United
King
dom
Austra
lia
Denmark
Luxe
mbourg
France
Israe
l
Belgium
Sweden
United
Stat
es
Netherl
ands
Switzerl
and
Finlan
dSpa
in
Estonia
Icelan
d
Poland
Chile
Sloven
ia
Greece
German
y
Hunga
ry
Portug
al
Austria
Slovak
Rep
ublic
Czech
Rep
ublic
Mexico
Percent of adults with 2- or 4-year degreeSource: OECD Education at a Glance 2011
25 to 34, 35 to 44, 45 to 54, 55 to 64
626058565452504846444240383634323028262422
Canada/Japan
Korea
Massachusetts
Minnesota
North Dakota/Iowa/Connecticut
Colorado
New Hampshire/NebraskaSouth Dakota/Illinois/Pennsylvania/Vermont
Wisconsin/Washington/Hawaii
Virginia/Kansas/Rhode Island
Indiana/CA/DE/NC/MI/IDFlorida/Oregon/South Carolina/Maine
Wyoming/Georgia
Mississippi/AlabamaKY/TN/OK/AZ/AK/TX
New MexicoNevada
Louisiana/West VirginiaArkansas
Ireland
FinlandNetherlands/Switzerland
Greece
Luxembourg
Poland/Chile
Germany
United States
Norway/New Zealand
France/Israel
Iceland
Hungary
US states25 to 34 year olds
Missouri/Montana/Ohio
New York
New JerseyMaryland United Kingdom/Australia/Denmark
Belgium/Sweden
SpainEstonia
Slovenia
Utah
52
50
48
46
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
64
60
56
52
48
44
40
36
32
28
24
20
16
12
8
Hamilton
Porter/Johnson
Monroe
Hendricks
Tippecanoe
Lawrence/Fulton/Daviess/Jennings
Indiana counties25 to 34 years old(population over 20,000)
Boone
Adams
LaGrange
White/Fayette
Bartholomew
Owen/Cass
Warrick/Hancock
Canada/Japan
Korea
Ireland
Netherlands/Switzerland/Finland
Greece
Luxembourg/France/Israel
Poland/Chile
Germany/Hungary
United States
Norway/New Zealand
Iceland
Portugal
United Kingdom/Australia/Denmark
Belgium/Sweden
Spain/Estonia
Slovenia
Austria/Slovak Republic/Czech RepublicMexico/Italy
Turkey
Income by level of education Source: US Census, Current Population Survey
master’s
bachelor’s
associate
high school
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 20080
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
90,000
Less than high school
Unemployment by level of education Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2008
HS dropout HS graduate Associates degree Bachelors degree Masters or above0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Unemployment by level of education Source: US Census, Current Population Survey
Recession of November 73
to March 75
High school dropout
Bachelor’s
Some college
High school graduate
Recession of January 80 to
July 80
Recession of July 81 to November 82
Recession of July 90 to March 91
Recession of March 01 to
November 01
Recession of December 07
to present
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
Percent of layoffs that are permanent Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, CNBC
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2000 2003 2007 2008
45
37 36
2931
37
5055
Qualified students have the opportunity to go to college
College is necessary
Source: Public Agenda and National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education
HOW DO WE ACHIEVE THE BIG GOAL?
To Succeed We Must Focus On 21st Century StudentsOf the 17.6M undergrads now
enrolled:• 43% attend two-year institutions• 37% are enrolled part-time• 32% are working full-time• 25% are over the age of 30• Only 15% attend 4 year colleges
and live on campus
35.8 million working-age adults have attended college but don’t have a
degree.
Less than high school
High school
Some college, no degree
Associate degree
Bachelors degree
Graduate or professional degree
12.8%
27.1%
22.2%
8.4%
19.0%
10.5%
To Succeed We Must Close the Gaps
Source:
College Going vs. Completion of BA or Higher, Latino (Age 25-29)
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
Latino College-GoingLatino B.A. Attainment
NCES, The Digest of Education Statistics 2009, Table 201. and Current Population Survey, Table A-2. Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed High School or College, by Race, Hispanic Origin and Sex: Selected Years 1940 to 2009.
+12
+5
Source:
Some Americans Are Much Less Likely to Graduate From College
25-29 Year Olds with B.A.
or Higher (2008)
White 37%African American 21%Latino 12%
Current Population Survey, Table A-2. Percent of People 25 Years and Over Who Have Completed High School or College, by Race, Hispanic Origin and Sex: Selected Years 1940 to 2009.
Source:
Growth Differs Substantially by Group
Population Division, Population Projections, U.S. Census Bureau. Released 2008.
Millions
African American
Asian / Native Hawaiian / Pacific Islander
Latino
American Indian / Alaska Native
White
0 20000000 40000000 60000000 80000000 100000000
Projected Population Increase, 2010 to 2050
Data for all races exclude Hispanics.
Source:
Some Americans Are Much Less Likely to Graduate From College
B.A. Rate by Age 24 (2008)
Young People from
Highest Income Quartile
77%
Young People from
Lowest Income Quartile
10%
Postsecondary Education Opportunity, “Bachelor’s Degree Attainment by Age 24 by Family Income Quartiles, 1970 to 2008.
Design and Implement a 21st Century System for 21st Century Students1. Create partnerships and
collaborate for collective impact (state and regional)
2. Focus on pathways aligned with future workforce needs
3. Infuse technology to expand capacity, improve quality, and reduce costs
4. Create “Adult Learner Focused Institutions” (ALFI)
Design and Implement a 21st Century System for 21st Century Students5. Support accelerated, competency
based certificates/degrees (quick wins)
6. Employ prior learning assessments
7. Redefine the vision of ABE8. Redesign developmental
education9. Develop comprehensive benefits
programs
Design and Implement a 21st Century System for 21st Century Students10.Set goals, design metrics,
measure progress, reward performance
11.Lead courageous conversations about results
12. Support disruptive innovation
Christensen, C.M., et al. Disrupting College. www.americanprogress.org
Educating Adults As If Their Lives (and Nebraska’s Future) Depended On It