MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY
MULTIMEDIA UNIVERSITY
IntroductionIntroduction
The main purpose of e-learning is to transform the old methods and approaches to curriculum implementation and not to silence the curriculum or to extinguish or erase the contents of curriculum.
E-Learning has been variously defined. It is defined as learning using electronic means. It is also regarded as the acquisition of knowledge and skill using electronic technologies such as computer and internet-based courseware and local and wide area networks. It is a new form of teaching device by which students, most especially the distant learners are provided access to the learning materials.
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What is e-learning?What is e-learning?
E-learning is Internet-enabled E-learning is Internet-enabled learning: http://www.cisco.comlearning: http://www.cisco.com
The University / College library URL:://wcl.broward.edu/pathropics.htm, distance education / distance learning (e-learninge-learning) refers to the teaching learning arrangement in which the learner
and the teacher are separated by geography and time.
The use of Internet technologies to The use of Internet technologies to deliver a broad array of solutions deliver a broad array of solutions that enhance knowledge and that enhance knowledge and performanceperformance
Rosenberg, 2001Rosenberg, 2001
According to Greenberg (1998), e-learning is a planned teaching / learning experience that uses a wide spectrum of technologies to reach learners interactions and certification of learning.
Teaster and Blieszer (1999) were of the view that distance education has been applied to many institutional methods; however, its primary distinction is that the teacher and the learner are separated in space and possible time.
E-learning is of two major forms. One is called SYNCHRONOUS and the other is called ASYNCHRONOUS e-learning.
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What is e-learning?What is e-learning?*Synchronous Learning*Synchronous Learning
E-learning is still E-learning is still newnew
The synchronous form is so-called because of its comprehensive features that allow for interactivity between the learning content and the learners. It has in-built features like the forum chatting, audio-effect. In distance learning, students are separated from the teacher
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What is e-learning?What is e-learning?
Asynchronous may not necessarily allow for immediate feedback.
*ASynchronous Learning*ASynchronous LearningAsynchronous form of e-learning on the other hand is the direct opposite of synchronous form.Whereas, the latter by design has multifarious features, the former does not. It only presents the learning content for the students to read, internalise and download if need be.
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Brief history of e-Brief history of e-LearningLearning
The first indigenous distance learning programme was the English by Radio programme of Nigeria Broadcasting Corporation that followed independence in 1960.
The future soldiers willThe future soldiers willnot be carry guns butnot be carry guns butcomputerscomputers
The National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN), was established in July, 1983, by an Act of the National Assembly as the first distance learning tertiary institution in Nigeria when it became crystal clear to the then Federal Government that the ever growing demand for education by her people cannot be met by the traditional means of face-to-face classroom instructional delivery.
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How E-Learning Can Improve How E-Learning Can Improve Qualitative Education in NigeriaQualitative Education in Nigeria
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Advancement of Education Advancement of Education TechnologyTechnology
TIMETIME
TIME
IMPACT
Internet:Internet:Greatest Greatest impactimpact
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Advancement of Education Technology
Chalk-and-board has longruled the classrooms and
will now be eliminated to extinguish Less emphasis by teachers/lecturers
Computer Aided Instruction• more emphasis• on demand learning• interactive
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DO YOU KNOW?DO YOU KNOW?National ICT list of Required itemsNational ICT list of Required items
KNOWLEDGE-BASEDKNOWLEDGE-BASEDECONOMYECONOMY
PEOPLEPEOPLE- Work Culture- ICT Skills- Knowledge worker- Learning Society- United, moral & ethical
INFRASTRUCTUREINFRASTRUCTURE- Communication - Fibre-Optic Cabling- Gigabit ATM- Satellite- Transport/Logistic- etc
APPLICATION &APPLICATION &CONTENTCONTENT- Smart Schools- e-govt.- Smartcard- Tele-medicine- Others
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ECO
NO
MY
TIME
INFORMATION SOCIETY
KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY
COMPETITIVE SOCIETY
2005 20202010
ICT based Economy
Knowledge Products & Services
Competitive Knowledge Economy
DO YOU KNOW?National ICT education vision
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Evolvement of eLearningEvolvement of eLearning Learning models will need to change Learning models will need to change
INDUSTRIAL AGEINDUSTRIAL AGELEARNING MODELLEARNING MODEL
DIGITAL AGEDIGITAL AGELEARNING MODELLEARNING MODEL
How do people learn in a digital environment?How do people learn in a digital environment?Is e-learning effective?Is e-learning effective?Are learners ready?Are learners ready?New learning model are neededNew learning model are needed
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Evolvement of eLearning Evolvement of eLearning Traditional & E-learning ApproachTraditional & E-learning Approach
Traditional and E-learning approachesTraditional and E-learning approachesTraditional ClassroomTraditional Classroom E-LearningE-Learning
ClassroomClassroom • Physical – limited sizePhysical – limited size• SynchronousSynchronous
• UnlimitedUnlimited• Anytime, anywhereAnytime, anywhere
ContentContent • PowerPoint/transparency/etcPowerPoint/transparency/etc• Textbooks/libraryTextbooks/library• VideoVideo• CollaborationCollaboration
• Multimedia / simulationMultimedia / simulation• Digital libraryDigital library• On demandOn demand• Syn & Asyn. CommunicationSyn & Asyn. Communication
PersonalisationPersonalisation • One learning pathOne learning path • Learning path and pace Learning path and pace determined by learnerdetermined by learner
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Evolvement of eLearning Evolvement of eLearning Delivery mode will changeDelivery mode will change
Lack of facilities and funding
Increase in tuition fee
Growing student population
Privatisation of education
Cost effective solutions(e.g. e-learning)
More virtual universities
Delivery ModeDelivery Mode100 : 0 (F/T)100 : 0 (F/T)80 : 20 (F/T)80 : 20 (F/T)20 : 80 (DE)20 : 80 (DE)B
RIC
KB
RIC
K
CL
ICK
CL
ICK
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Evolvement of eLearning Evolvement of eLearning Teaching aids will changeTeaching aids will change
BlackboardBlackboard OHPOHP TV/VHSTV/VHSLCDLCDPCPC
WhiteboardWhiteboard
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Prospects of e--Learning• ConvenientConvenient
– self-serviceself-service– on-demand (on-demand (anytime, anywhereanytime, anywhere))– private learningprivate learning– self-pacedself-paced– Flexibility: Flexibility: (modular package)(modular package)
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• Cost-effective (Time & Money Saving)Cost-effective (Time & Money Saving)– Virtual learning environmentVirtual learning environment– Share lessons among schoolsShare lessons among schools– Reduce material costReduce material cost– Reduce travel/accommodation costsReduce travel/accommodation costs
Prospects of e--Learning
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Prospects of e--Learning• ConsistentConsistent
– Central control of contentCentral control of content– Same quality of content for allSame quality of content for all– Same quality of education for allSame quality of education for all
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Prospects of e-LearningProspects of e-Learning• Scalability E-learning enables us to quickly create and communicate new policies, training, ideas, and concepts. Be it for entertainment or formal education, e-learning is nimble!
• Activity and ROI Measurements If you are using a learning management system to deliver your e-learning, then tracking learner progress is a piece-of-cake, and reporting on this activity is just as simple.
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Prospects of e--Learning• High Learning RetentionHigh Learning Retention
– Blended learning approaches result in a higher knowledge retention rate. It also helps that coursework can be refreshed and updated whenever needed
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Building an e-learning Building an e-learning cultureculture
Learner:Learner:Self-directedSelf-directedSelf-motivatedSelf-motivatedSelf-regulatingSelf-regulatingLifelong learningLifelong learning
Teacher:Teacher:Develop knowledge & skillsDevelop knowledge & skillsUnderstand learning and its needUnderstand learning and its needFacilitate learningFacilitate learningCreate learning opportunitiesCreate learning opportunities
Administrator:Administrator:Create Learning environmentCreate Learning environmentProvide ICT infrastructureProvide ICT infrastructureResources for lifelong learningResources for lifelong learning
Building anBuilding anE-learningE-learning
CultureCulture
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E-learning tools: E-mailE-learning tools: E-mail• Every teacher should have an e-mail accountEvery teacher should have an e-mail account• Communicate with studentsCommunicate with students• Communicate with parentsCommunicate with parents• Students can submit assignmentStudents can submit assignment• Can have attachmentsCan have attachments• Create a paperless environmentCreate a paperless environment• Simple but effectiveSimple but effective• Efficient and cost effectiveEfficient and cost effective
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E-learning tools: ChatE-learning tools: Chat• Synchronous communication toolSynchronous communication tool• Communicate with studentsCommunicate with students• Communicate with parentsCommunicate with parents• More students participateMore students participate• Collaborative learningCollaborative learning
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E-learning tools: Online E-learning tools: Online ForumForum
• Asynchronous discussion forumAsynchronous discussion forum• Teacher can create discussion groupsTeacher can create discussion groups• Teacher could post a question and request students to commentTeacher could post a question and request students to comment• Students can post their commentsStudents can post their comments• Can encourage community participationCan encourage community participation• Collaborative learning can be fosteredCollaborative learning can be fostered• Feedback from diverse cultureFeedback from diverse culture
A good example of online forum is a web based learning system, A good example of online forum is a web based learning system, Supported by images, audio, simulation and multimedia; example: Supported by images, audio, simulation and multimedia; example: http://www.younprime.comhttp://www.younprime.com
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E-learning tools: Video E-learning tools: Video ConferenceConference
• Can conduct a live lectureCan conduct a live lecture• Communication with studentsCommunication with students• Communication with parentsCommunication with parents• Support by audio, chat and whiteboardSupport by audio, chat and whiteboard• Support sharing of applicationsSupport sharing of applications• Can be recorded and later be used for on demand lecturesCan be recorded and later be used for on demand lectures• Demo…Demo…
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Tools: Learning Management System Tools: Learning Management System (LMS)(LMS)
• Management of contentManagement of content• Tracking studentsTracking students• Administrative featuresAdministrative features• Integration with various tools such as chat, Integration with various tools such as chat,
forum, e-mail, etc.forum, e-mail, etc.• ReportingReporting• Demo... of Multimedia Learning System Demo... of Multimedia Learning System
(MMLS)(MMLS)
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Challenges facing e-learning in NigeriaChallenges facing e-learning in Nigeria
• Lack of qualified teachers to teach ICT in schools Lack of qualified teachers to teach ICT in schools The demand for ICT learning has been tremendous and the number of teachers who are trained to The demand for ICT learning has been tremendous and the number of teachers who are trained to
teach ICT cannot meet the demand. There are more students willing to be taught computing skills teach ICT cannot meet the demand. There are more students willing to be taught computing skills than there are teaches to transfer the skills. than there are teaches to transfer the skills.
• Lack of electricity Lack of electricity Many schools are still not yet connected to electricity; Nigeria being a developing country, the Many schools are still not yet connected to electricity; Nigeria being a developing country, the
government has not been able to connect all parts of the country to the national electricity grid. government has not been able to connect all parts of the country to the national electricity grid. Consequently those schools that fall under such areas are left handicapped and may not be able to Consequently those schools that fall under such areas are left handicapped and may not be able to offer computer studies.offer computer studies.
• Broken down computers Broken down computers While a good number of schools have benefited from donated used computers, they have not been While a good number of schools have benefited from donated used computers, they have not been
adequately equipped with the same on maintenance and repair, hence its very common to see a adequately equipped with the same on maintenance and repair, hence its very common to see a schools computer lab full of broken down computers, some repairable and some not. This has schools computer lab full of broken down computers, some repairable and some not. This has actually been a major problem, and the government has now put strict measures on any person, actually been a major problem, and the government has now put strict measures on any person, NGO or corporate bodies willing to donate 2nd hand computers. (It is seen as a dumping ground); NGO or corporate bodies willing to donate 2nd hand computers. (It is seen as a dumping ground); e-waste management.e-waste management.
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Challenges facing e-learning in NigeriaChallenges facing e-learning in Nigeria
• Lack of internet or slow connectivity Lack of internet or slow connectivity Most schools are not able to connect to the World Wide Web, due to the high costs involved in the Most schools are not able to connect to the World Wide Web, due to the high costs involved in the
connectivity. On average, it may cost approximately $150 per month to connect to about 15 connectivity. On average, it may cost approximately $150 per month to connect to about 15 computers on a bandwidth of 128/64kbps. This is considered as very expensive for a very slow computers on a bandwidth of 128/64kbps. This is considered as very expensive for a very slow speed.speed.
• Lack of computers Lack of computers Computers are still very expensive and despite spirited efforts by the government agencies, NGO, Computers are still very expensive and despite spirited efforts by the government agencies, NGO,
corporate organizations and individuals to donate computers to as many schools as possible, corporate organizations and individuals to donate computers to as many schools as possible, therestill remain a big percentage of the schools unable to purchase computers for use by theirtherestill remain a big percentage of the schools unable to purchase computers for use by theirStudents.Students.
• Computers are still expensive in Nigeria Computers are still expensive in Nigeria In a country with high rate of inflation, majority of the individuals and schools cannot afford to In a country with high rate of inflation, majority of the individuals and schools cannot afford to
buy a computer and consider it as a luxury item, more expensive than a TV. While second hand buy a computer and consider it as a luxury item, more expensive than a TV. While second hand computers cost as N45, 000 naira and branded new computers being sold at between N98, 000 and computers cost as N45, 000 naira and branded new computers being sold at between N98, 000 and above.above.
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ConclusionConclusion• E-learning has every sign of long survival as long as such digital devices become more available. E-learning has every sign of long survival as long as such digital devices become more available.
That means when the devices become more afforded, the connectivity bandwidths become widely That means when the devices become more afforded, the connectivity bandwidths become widely use and less constraint; the multimedia applications will prosper. The survival of tertiary use and less constraint; the multimedia applications will prosper. The survival of tertiary educational institutions in the 21st century will increasingly rely on various forms of electronic educational institutions in the 21st century will increasingly rely on various forms of electronic delivery system and communication facilities available in markets that are required to make delivery system and communication facilities available in markets that are required to make education to be more flexible. education to be more flexible.
• The adoption and use of ICTs in schools have a positive impact on teaching, learning, and The adoption and use of ICTs in schools have a positive impact on teaching, learning, and research. Despite the roles ICTs can play in education, schools in Nigeria have yet to extensively research. Despite the roles ICTs can play in education, schools in Nigeria have yet to extensively adopt them for teaching and learning. Efforts geared towards integration of ICTs into the school adopt them for teaching and learning. Efforts geared towards integration of ICTs into the school system, have not had much impact. Problems such as poor policy and project implementation system, have not had much impact. Problems such as poor policy and project implementation strategies and poor information infrastructure militate against these efforts. For e-learning to strategies and poor information infrastructure militate against these efforts. For e-learning to succeed in Nigeria, there is the need to build on another important pillar i.e. the existence of succeed in Nigeria, there is the need to build on another important pillar i.e. the existence of befitting infrastructure and some degree of viable connectivity. A growing difference in market befitting infrastructure and some degree of viable connectivity. A growing difference in market liberalization of the Internet-access supply is leading to another kind of “digital divide” on the liberalization of the Internet-access supply is leading to another kind of “digital divide” on the global scale many countries have introduced or are introducing telecommunications regulations global scale many countries have introduced or are introducing telecommunications regulations that discourage the development of Internet-access service. Nigeria should take heed of that.that discourage the development of Internet-access service. Nigeria should take heed of that.
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