BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
2
Con
tent
Bas
ics
and
Mot
ivat
ion
Aut
onom
ous
Mob
ile A
gent
s -C
once
pts
and
Cha
lleng
es–
Mod
ern
Mob
ile A
gent
Sys
tem
s–
Pos
sibl
e A
pplic
atio
n S
cena
rio
The
Rou
ting
Ser
vice
Pro
Nav
–Th
e Te
chni
cal S
olut
ion
Sum
mar
y
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
3
The
Age
nt Is
sue
Pla
ceM
ulti
Age
nt S
yste
mA
gent
sS
oftw
are
Age
nts
Age
nt S
yste
mM
obile
Age
nt S
yste
mA
vata
rM
obile
Age
nts
Inte
llige
nt A
gent
sA
gent
Ser
ver
plac
epl
ace
agen
cyM
obile
Age
nts
–S
oftw
are
Ent
ities
/Obj
ects
, whi
ch a
re a
ble
to m
igra
te
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
4
Initi
al S
tart
ing
Poin
t
A lo
neso
me
agen
tpublic class myAgent extends MobileAgent{
...
public void startAgent() {
...
go(“server.name.edu“,“nameOfMethode“);
}
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
...
}
...
???
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
5
Our
Goa
ls
Ena
ble
agen
ts to
be
–m
obile
–au
tono
mou
s–
pro-
activ
e
Use
r foc
uses
on
WH
AT
to d
o
Age
nt “k
now
s“ H
OW
and
WH
ER
E to
do
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
6
Mod
ern
Mob
ile A
gent
Sys
tem
Firs
t sta
ge–
A s
peci
alis
ed a
gent
has
to b
e pr
ogra
mm
ed to
fulfi
l its
task
App
licat
ion
algo
rithm
–ag
ent’s
per
sona
lity
–Th
e iti
nera
ry n
eeds
to b
eov
erha
nded
to th
e ag
ent
Rou
ting
algo
rithm
Sec
ond
stag
e–
The
itine
rary
is e
stab
lishe
d by
an
agen
t at r
un ti
me
Dec
oupl
ing
of a
pplic
atio
n an
d ro
utin
g al
gorit
hmFo
cus
of a
pplic
atio
n al
gorit
hm
Third
sta
ge–
Sel
ectio
n of
pre
defin
ed m
odul
es fo
r app
licat
ion
algo
rithm
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
7
Our
Vis
ion
Gen
erat
e a
path
thro
ugh
the
netw
ork
base
d on
use
r‘s
task
spe
cific
atio
n
TASK
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy=>
we
call
it itinerary
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
8
Our
Vis
ion
(con
t‘d)
Exe
cute
and
dyn
amic
ally
mod
ify th
e iti
nera
ry
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
plac
epl
ace
agen
cyR
ESU
LT
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
9
TheProNav
Fram
ewor
k
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
Map
Mod
uleSe
rvic
e?
Map
Itin
erar
y
Map
/Req
uir.
Mirg
.Str
at.
Mig
rati
on P
lan
ner
Itin
erar
y
Rou
te P
lan
ner
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
10
Rou
ting
Serv
iceProNav
–Th
e Te
chni
cal S
olut
ion
Ope
ratin
g Sy
stem
Java
VM
MAS
Tra
cy
Dom
ain
Serv
ice
Rou
ting
Serv
ice
Appl
icat
ion
Map
Mod
ule
Rou
teP
lan
ner
Mig
rati
onO
ptim
iser
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
MAS Middleware
Net
wor
k
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
11
Bas
is: I
nfra
stru
ctur
e –
Trac
y D
omai
n Se
rvic
e
Dom
ain
–Lo
gica
l net
wor
k of
age
nt s
erve
rs (D
omai
n N
odes
) w
ith a
cen
tral m
anag
er (D
omai
n M
anag
er)
Loca
l Dom
ain
Nod
es re
gist
er w
ith th
e D
omai
n M
anag
erD
omai
ns m
ay b
e ne
twor
ked
via
the
cent
ral
Dom
ain
Mas
ter
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
12
Rou
ting
Serv
iceProNav
–Th
e Te
chni
cal S
olut
ion
Ope
ratin
g Sy
stem
Java
VM
MAS
Tra
cy
Dom
ain
Serv
ice
Rou
ting
Serv
ice
Appl
icat
ion
Map
Mod
ule
Rou
teP
lan
ner
Mig
rati
onO
ptim
iser
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
MAS Middleware
Net
wor
k
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
13
1 M
ap M
odul
e
Net
wor
k se
nsin
g m
odul
e at
age
nt s
erve
rs–
Nod
e in
form
atio
nS
ervi
ce o
ffer a
nd s
ervi
ce lo
catio
n, A
vaila
bilit
y,…
–E
dge
info
rmat
ion
Ban
dwid
th, L
aten
cy, …
Dyn
amic
Dom
ain
Map
–Lo
cate
d on
and
mai
ntai
ned
by e
very
nod
e w
ithin
the
dom
ain
as a
loca
l sna
psho
t of t
he n
etw
ork
–In
ter-
dom
ain
exch
ange
of k
now
ledg
e w
ith
sum
mar
ized
(com
pres
sed)
dom
ain
map
s
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
14
Map
Str
uctu
re
Loca
l par
t–
Det
aile
d in
form
atio
nR
emot
e pa
rt–
Sum
mar
ised
loca
l map
s
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
15
Eval
uatio
n M
ap M
odul
e
Exp
erim
ents
–To
det
erm
ine
the
qual
ity o
f mea
sure
d da
ta fr
om
sens
ors
–To
get
a fe
elin
g of
map
-abl
e dy
nam
ic b
ehav
iour
–an
d th
e ne
twor
k lo
ad c
ause
d by
the
expe
rimen
ts–
To a
djus
t par
amet
ers
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
16
The
sens
or‘s
dat
a qu
ality
is q
uite
go
od!
We
are
able
to d
istin
guis
h ne
twor
ks!
Late
ncy
valu
es
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
17
Som
e pe
aks,
but
the
qual
ity is
goo
d en
ough
!
Pro
cess
orlo
adin
fluen
ces
the
resu
lts
a lit
tlebi
tLate
ncy
valu
es
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
18
The
sens
or‘s
dat
a qu
ality
is
good
eno
ugh!
It re
flect
s th
e ac
tual
net
wor
k si
tuat
ion.Tr
ansf
er ra
teva
lues
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
19
The
qual
ity is
goo
d fo
r co
nnec
tions
with
a s
mal
l ba
ndw
idth
!
Tran
sfer
rate
valu
es
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
20
Eval
uatio
n M
ap M
odul
e
Ove
rload
Exp
erim
ent (
Ban
dwid
th)
FOR every known agency s
DO
do measurement with s;
WAIT duration;
LOOP.
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
21
Rou
ting
Serv
iceProNav
–Th
e Te
chni
cal S
olut
ion
Ope
ratin
g Sy
stem
Java
VM
MAS
Tra
cy
Dom
ain
Serv
ice
Rou
ting
Serv
ice
Appl
icat
ion
Map
Mod
ule
Rou
teP
lan
ner
Mig
rati
onO
ptim
iser
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
MAS Middleware
Net
wor
k
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
22
2 R
oute
Pla
nner
Dyn
amic
Dom
ain
Map
–D
irect
ed g
raph
with
wei
ghte
d ed
ges
Rou
te p
lann
ing
mod
ule
–B
asic
ally
a T
SP
(NP
-com
plet
e)S
impl
e lo
cal o
ptim
isat
ion
algo
rithm
s (2
-Opt
, 3-
Opt
)S
ymm
etric
al v
s. a
sym
met
rical
dis
tanc
e m
atric
es
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
23
Rou
te P
lann
er (c
ont’d
)
Loca
l opt
imis
atio
n al
gorit
hms
need
a s
tart
tour
–N
eare
st N
eigh
bour
, Ran
dom
, Pat
chC
ombi
ned
TSP
alg
orith
m–
Sta
rt: P
atch
; Ite
ratio
n: I3
-Opt
–R
each
es re
sults
0.5
% a
bove
opt
imum
in a
bout
0.3
s10
0 pl
aces
(asy
m.,
tmat
), P
entiu
m II
333
MH
z, J
ava2
–Ta
kes
calc
ulat
ion
pow
er in
to a
ccou
ntE
very
20m
s it
chec
ks la
st o
ptim
isat
ion
resu
lts
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
24
The
mor
e di
ffere
nt th
e th
roug
hput
the
mor
e us
eful
the
calc
ulat
ion
Ran
dom
pat
h vs
. cal
cula
ted
path
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
25
Per
form
ance
of p
ath
calc
ulat
ion
Itera
ted
3-O
pt im
prov
es a
pat
h fa
st!
Mor
e ite
ratio
ns le
ad to
bet
ter r
esul
ts
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
26
Rou
ting
Serv
iceProNav
–Th
e Te
chni
cal S
olut
ion
Ope
ratin
g Sy
stem
Java
VM
MAS
Tra
cy
Dom
ain
Serv
ice
Rou
ting
Serv
ice
Appl
icat
ion
Map
Mod
ule
Rou
teP
lan
ner
Mig
rati
onO
ptim
iser
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
MAS Middleware
Net
wor
k
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
27
3 M
igra
tion
Opt
imis
er
Opt
imis
atio
n–
Tran
smit
only
cod
e un
its w
hich
are
nee
ded
at
rem
ote
agen
cies
=> WHAT
–D
iffer
ent m
igra
tion
stra
tegi
es p
ossi
ble
(pus
h, p
ull
and
varia
tions
; Cod
e se
rver
s) =
> HOW
Trac
y pr
ovid
es a
set
of m
igra
tion
stra
tegi
es–
Cho
ose
a/th
e su
itabl
e on
e–
Ada
pt s
trate
gies
–“D
ynam
ic M
igra
tion
Stra
tegi
es”
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
28
Mig
ratio
n O
ptim
iser
(con
t‘d)
Age
nt‘s
com
pone
nts
are
sele
cted
by
prob
abili
ty
of u
sage
Cal
cula
tion
of m
igra
tion
times
for d
iffer
ent
stra
tegi
es b
ased
on
map
‘s d
ata
Com
paris
on o
f res
ults
and
sup
pose
s a
stra
tegy
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
29
TOD
O:
Eval
uatio
n M
igra
tion
Opt
imis
er
Opt
imiz
atio
nis
use
ful i
f:–
Env
ironm
ent‘s
dyn
amic
beh
avio
ur is
not
too
high
–It
can
be u
sed
agai
n an
d ag
ain
–Iti
nera
ry is
kno
wn
(nex
t-hop
-opt
imiz
atio
n)
Furth
er te
sts:
–E
ffici
ency
–E
ssen
tial q
uant
ity/q
ualit
y of
kno
wle
dge
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
30
Rou
ting
Serv
iceProNav
–Th
e Te
chni
cal S
olut
ion
Ope
ratin
g Sy
stem
Java
VM
MAS
Tra
cy
Dom
ain
Serv
ice
Rou
ting
Serv
ice
Appl
icat
ion
Map
Mod
ule
Rou
teP
lan
ner
Mig
rati
onO
ptim
iser
plac
epl
ace
agen
cy
MAS Middleware
Net
wor
k
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
31
Trac
y –
The
Und
erly
ing
Mob
ile
Age
nt S
yste
m
Trac
y2–
Trac
y2 d
efin
es o
nly
basi
c co
ncep
ts a
nd fu
nctio
ns
com
mon
to a
ll (m
obile
) age
nt to
olki
ts–
Cor
e se
rvic
es a
re im
plem
ente
d as
low
-cou
plin
g so
ftwar
e co
mpo
nent
s ex
tend
ing
a lig
ht-w
eigh
t m
icro
-ker
nel
–Fl
exib
le fi
ne-g
rain
ed m
igra
tion
prot
ocol
–D
iffer
ent m
igra
tion
stra
tegi
es, e
.g. a
gent
can
ada
pt
mig
ratio
n fo
llow
ing
spec
ific
para
met
ers
such
as
band
wid
th, l
aten
cy, c
ode
size
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
32
Sum
mar
y
The
Rou
ting
Ser
viceProNav
supp
orts
–A
uton
omou
s se
arch
/mov
emen
t–
Pro
-act
ivity
–D
ynam
ical
ada
ptat
ion/
mod
ifica
tion
of it
iner
ary
–O
ptim
isat
ion
of m
igra
tion
Spl
ittin
g in
to d
omai
ns is
use
ful a
nd n
eces
sary
–N
o A
I is
nece
ssar
y to
cal
cula
te a
pat
h–
mor
e fle
xibi
lity
–S
olve
s th
e qu
antit
y pr
oble
mS
econ
d st
age
mob
ile a
gent
sys
tem
–P
erfo
rman
ce o
f mob
ile a
gent
s is
incr
ease
d qu
alita
tivel
y
BC
S S
GA
I, C
hris
tian
Erfu
rth
33
Futu
re W
ork
Impr
ove
Map
Mod
ule
–Fi
nd m
easu
rem
ent m
etho
ds w
hich
cau
se le
ss n
etw
ork
load
Alte
rnat
ive
infra
stru
ctur
e or
gani
satio
n
Che
ckProNav
with
oth
er (m
obile
age
nt) s
yste
ms
Mor
e co
mpl
ex s
imul
atio
ns (m
ore
node
s)