DATA STRUCTURE USING C & C++
SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
LECT. ABHISHEK KUMAR MUSTKEEMADD.NO.:14S121
BRANCH: 5 CS.
DIGAMBER JAIN POLYTECHNIC BARAUT BAGHPAT
Admission no.:14S121
Page 1
INTRODUCTION OF DATA STRUCTURE:
Data structure is a particular way of organizing data in a computer so that it can be used
efficiently. Data structures can implement one or more particular abstract data types (ADT),
which specify the operations that can be performed on a data structure and the computational
complexity of those operations. In comparison, a data structure is a concrete implementation
of the specification provided by an ADT.
REQUIREMENT OF DSU C&C++ (TURBO C):
Hardware Requirement:
IBM-Intel Pentium 4 or above.
Minimum of 512 MB RAM.
One 1 GB Free Hard Disk.
Keyboard and Mouse.
A CD-ROM drive or USB port.
Software Requirement:
Operating system- Window 95 or higher. Turbo C & C++ or Dev-Cpp.
Admission no.:14S121
Page 2
Setup of Turbo C++:
Step 1:
Download Turbo C from “https://turboc.codeplex.com.”
Step 2:
Click setup.exe file.
Step 3:
Click next.
Admission no.:14S121
Page 3
Step 4:
Accept license agreement and click next.
Step 5:
Click install.
Admission no.:14S121
Page 4
Step 6:
Click finish.
Program 1: WAP in C to print “Hello World”.
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
Void main()
{
printf(“Hello World”);getch();
}
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Program 2: Write a Program to Implement Linked List.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>#include <malloc.h>#include <stdlib.h>void main(){struct node
{intnum;struct node *ptr;
};typedefstruct node NODE;
NODE *head, *first, *temp = 0;int count = 0;int choice = 1;first = 0;while (choice)
{head = (NODE *)malloc(sizeof(NODE));printf("Enter the data item\n");scanf("%d", &head->num);if (first != 0)
{temp->ptr = head;temp = head;
}elsefirst = temp = head;}fflush(stdin);printf("Do you want to continue(Type 0 or 1)?\n");scanf("%d", &choice);
}temp->ptr = 0;
/* reset temp to the beginning */temp = first;printf("\n status of the linked list is\n");while (temp != 0)
Admission No.: 14S121
{printf("%d=>", temp->num);count++;temp = temp ->ptr;
}printf("NULL\n");printf("No. of nodes in the list = %d\n", count);getch();}
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Practical 3: Write a program to Implement stack operations Push & Pop.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>int stack[5];void push();int pop();void traverse();int is_empty();int top_element();int top = 0;int main(){int element, choice;for (;;)
{printf("Stack Operations.\n");printf("1. Insert into stack (Push operation).\n");printf("2. Delete from stack (Pop operation).\n");printf("3. Print top element of stack.\n");printf("4. Check if stack is empty.\n");printf("5. Traverse stack.\n");printf("6. Exit.\n");printf("Enter your choice.\n");scanf("%d",&choice);switch (choice)
{case 1:if (top == 5)printf("Error: Overflow\n\n");else {printf("Enter the value to insert.\n");scanf("%d", &element);push(element);
}break;case 2:if (top == 0)printf("Error: Underflow.\n\n");else {element = pop();printf("Element removed from stack is %d.\n", element);
Admission No.: 14S121
}break;case 3:if (!is_empty()) {element = top_element();printf("Element at the top of stack is %d\n\n", element);
}elseprintf("Stack is empty.\n\n");break;case 4:if (is_empty())printf("Stack is empty.\n\n");elseprintf("Stack is not empty.\n\n");break;case 5:traverse();break;case 6:exit(0);
}}
}void push(int value) {stack[top] = value;top++;}int pop() {top--;return stack[top];}void traverse() {int d;
if (top == 0) {printf("Stack is empty.\n\n");return;
}printf("There are %d elements in stack.\n", top);for (d = top - 1; d >= 0; d--)printf("%d\n", stack[d]);printf("\n");}
Admission No.: 14S121
intis_empty() {if (top == 0)return 1;elsereturn 0;}inttop_element() {return stack[top-1];getch();}
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Practical 4: Write a Program to Implement Queue Operations Insertion &Deletion.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#define QUEUESIZE 10
int queue[QUEUESIZE], f=0, r=-1;
// Check if queue is full
intqueuefull() {
if(r == QUEUESIZE - 1) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
// Check if the queue is empty
intqueueempty() {
if(f > r) {
return 1;
}
return 0;
}
// Show queue content
intqueueshow() {
inti;
if(queueempty()) {
Admission No.: 14S121
printf(" \n The queue is empty\n");
} else {
printf("Start->");
for(i=f; i<=r; i++) {
printf("%d ", queue[i]);
}
printf("<-End");
}
return 0;
}
// Perform an insert operation.
intqueueinsert(intoneelement) {
if(queuefull()) {
printf("\n\n Overflow!!!!\n\n");
} else {
++r;
queue[r] = oneelement;
}
return 0;
}
// Perform a delete operation
intqueuedelete() {
intelem;
if(queueempty()) {
printf(" \n The queue is empty\n");
return(-1);
} else {
Admission No.: 14S121
elem=queue[f];
f=f+1;
return(elem);
}
}
int main() {
int option, element;
charch;
do {
printf("\n Press 1-Insert, 2-Delete, 3-Show, 4-Exit\n");
printf("\n Your selection? ");
scanf("%d",&option);
switch(option) {
case 1:
printf("\n\nContent to be Inserted?");
scanf("%d",&element);
queueinsert(element);
break;
case 2:
element=queuedelete();
if( element != -1 ) {
printf("\n\nDeleted element (with content %d) \n",element);
}
break;
case 3:
printf("\n\nStatus of the queue\n\n");
queueshow();
Admission No.: 14S121
break;
case 4:
printf("\n\n Ending the program \n\n");
break;
default:
printf("\n\nInvalid option, please retry! \n\n");
break;
}
} while(option != 4);
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Practical 5: Write a Program to Implement Insertion Sorting.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
int n, array[1000], c, d, t;
printf("Enter number of elements\n");
scanf("%d", &n);
printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);
for (c = 0; c < n; c++) {
scanf("%d", &array[c]);
}
for (c = 1 ; c <= n - 1; c++) {
d = c;
while ( d > 0 && array[d] < array[d-1]) {
t = array[d];
array[d] = array[d-1];
array[d-1] = t;
d--;
}
}
printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");
for (c = 0; c <= n - 1; c++) {
printf("%d\n", array[c]);
}
getch();
return 0;
}
Admission No.: 14S121
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Practical 6:Write a Program to Implement Bubble Sorting.
Code:
#include <stdio.h>int main(){int array[100], n, c, d, swap;printf("Enter number of elements\n");scanf("%d", &n);printf("Enter %d integers\n", n);for (c = 0; c < n; c++)scanf("%d", &array[c]);for (c = 0 ; c < ( n - 1 ); c++){
for (d = 0 ; d < n - c - 1; d++){
if (array[d] > array[d+1]) /* For decreasing order use < */{
swap = array[d];array[d] = array[d+1];array[d+1] = swap;
}}
}printf("Sorted list in ascending order:\n");for ( c = 0 ; c < n ; c++ )printf("%d\n", array[c]);getch();return 0;}
Admission No.: 14S121
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Practical 7: Write a Program to Implement Quick Sorting.
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
//quick Sort function to Sort Integer array list
void quicksort(int array[], intfirstIndex, intlastIndex)
{
//declaaring index variables
intpivotIndex, temp, index1, index2;
if(firstIndex<lastIndex)
{
//assigninh first element index as pivot element
pivotIndex = firstIndex;
index1 = firstIndex;
index2 = lastIndex;
//Sorting in Ascending order with quick sort
while(index1 < index2)
{
while(array[index1] <= array[pivotIndex] && index1 <lastIndex)
{
index1++;
}
while(array[index2]>array[pivotIndex])
{
index2--;
}
if(index1<index2)
{
//Swapping opertation
Admission No.: 14S121
temp = array[index1];
array[index1] = array[index2];
array[index2] = temp;
}
}
//At the end of first iteration, swap pivot element with index2 element
temp = array[pivotIndex];
array[pivotIndex] = array[index2];
array[index2] = temp;
//Recursive call for quick sort, with partiontioning
quicksort(array, firstIndex, index2-1);
quicksort(array, index2+1, lastIndex);
}
}
int main()
{
//Declaring variables
int array[100],n,i;
//Number of elements in array form user input
printf("Enter the number of element you want to Sort : ");
scanf("%d",&n);
//code to ask to enter elements from user equal to n
printf("Enter Elements in the list : ");
for(i = 0; i< n; i++)
{
scanf("%d",&array[i]);
}
//calling quickSort function defined above
quicksort(array,0,n-1);
Admission No.: 14S121
//print sorted array
printf("Sorted elements: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++)
printf(" %d",array[i]);
getch();
return 0;
}
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Practical 8: Write a Program to Implement Merge Sorting.
Code:
#include<stdio.h>
#define MAX 50
voidmergeSort(intarr[],intlow,intmid,int high);
void partition(intarr[],intlow,int high);
int main()
{
int merge[MAX],i,n;
printf("Enter the total number of elements: ");
scanf("%d",&n);
printf("Enter the elements which to be sort: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
scanf("%d",&merge[i]);
}
partition(merge,0,n-1);
printf("After merge sorting elements are: ");
for(i=0;i<n;i++){
printf("%d ",merge[i]);
}
return 0;
}
void partition(intarr[],intlow,int high){
int mid;
if(low<high){
mid=(low+high)/2;
partition(arr,low,mid);
partition(arr,mid+1,high);
mergeSort(arr,low,mid,high);
Admission No.: 14S121
}
}
voidmergeSort(intarr[],intlow,intmid,int high){
inti,m,k,l,temp[MAX];
l=low;
i=low;
m=mid+1;
while((l<=mid)&&(m<=high)){
if(arr[l]<=arr[m]){
temp[i]=arr[l];
l++;
}
else{
temp[i]=arr[m];
m++;
}
i++;
}
if(l>mid){
for(k=m;k<=high;k++){
temp[i]=arr[k];
i++;
}
}
else{
for(k=l;k<=mid;k++){
temp[i]=arr[k];
Admission No.: 14S121
i++;
}
}
for(k=low;k<=high;k++){
arr[k]=temp[k];
}
}
Output:
Admission No.: 14S121
Practical 9:Write a Program to Implement Heap Sorting.
Code:
#include<stdio.h>#include<conio.h>void manage(int *, int);voidheapsort(int *, int, int);int main(){intarr[20];inti,j,size,tmp,k;printf("\n\t------- Heap sorting method -------\n\n");printf("Enter the number of elements to sort : ");scanf("%d",&size);for(i=1; i<=size; i++){printf("Enter %d element : ",i);scanf("%d",&arr[i]);manage(arr,i);}j=size;
for(i=1; i<=j; i++){tmp=arr[1];arr[1]=arr[size];arr[size]=tmp;size--;heapsort(arr,1,size);}printf("\n\t------- Heap sorted elements -------\n\n");size=j;for(i=1; i<=size; i++)printf("%d ",arr[i]);getch();return 0;}void manage(int *arr, inti){inttmp;tmp=arr[i];while((i>1)&&(arr[i/2]<tmp)){arr[i]=arr[i/2];
Admission No.: 14S121
i=i/2;}arr[i]=tmp;}voidheapsort(int *arr, inti, int size){inttmp,j;tmp=arr[i];j=i*2;
while(j<=size){if((j<size)&&(arr[j]<arr[j+1]))j++;if(arr[j]<arr[j/2])break;arr[j/2]=arr[j];
j=j*2;}arr[j/2]=tmp;}
Output: