5. COMMERCIALIZATION & INTELECTUAL PROPERTY
2. APPLICABILITY & LEVEL OF IMPACT
3. PRODUCT /TECHNOLOGY /READINESS
RESEARCHER: CO-RESEARCHERS:
DEVELOPING ETHNIC
TOLERANCE INDEX (ETI) AMONG
STUDENTS IN MALAYSIAN
PUBLIC UNIVERSITY
1. NOVELTY / INVENTIVENESS
1.1. Introduction
Prof Madya Dr. Wan Norhasniah Wan Husin
Department of Strategic Studies, NDUM
Prof Madya Dr. Norhana Abdul Halim
Centre of Foundation, NDUM
Wan Muhammad Izrin Wan Rashid
Graduate Research Assistance, NDUM
The study has embarked with the new ethnic tolerant index (ETI)
in measuring 3 main variables, which are the religious domain,
ethnic cross relationship domain and governance domain, that
influence the inter-ethnic tolerance among students at three public
research universities ( , , ) in Klang Valley, This ETI is
based on the formula used to determine Malaysian Youth Index
2015 (IBM 2015),
1.2. Conceptual
Framework
Literature Review
Index Belia Malaysia
Religious Domain
(Substantive Indicator
and Functional
Indicator)
Ethnic Cross
Relationship Domain
(Individual Indicator and
Community Indicator)
Governance Domain
(Education Indicator,
Economic Indicator, Political
Indicator)
Ethnic Tolerance Domain
(Acknowledgment Indicator,
Comfortable Indicator,
Acceptance Indicator, Sharing
Indicator, Proud Indicator)
1.3. Data Analysis
Statistical
Descriptive i Percentage
Frequency –
t value
Respondent
Demography
3rd year
students’ from SPSS version 23.0
Result of reliability and validity
for all factors
ii
FACTORS
CRONBACH ALPHA
Religion 0.906
Ethnic cross
relationship 0.955
Governance 0.814
Ethnic tolerance 0.794
1.5 Developing of Ethnic
Tolerance Index (ETI)
Each indicator represents a factor and then summed
up to form an Ethnic Tolerant Index (ETI) with the
range from 1 to 5 as shown in Figure 1.0.
This scale is used as a means to understand the level of
ethnic tolerant and the measurement is based on the
min score (Indeks Belia Malaysia). Followings are the
methods or formulas used to measure the scores
INDEX FORMULA FOR EACH SCORE
For each questions 𝑄𝑖𝑗 = 𝑅𝑖𝑗
𝑇× 100
(1)
For each indicator, 𝐼𝑗 = 𝑄𝑘𝑗𝑚𝑘=1
𝑚 (2)
For each domain, 𝐷𝑗 = 𝐼𝑟𝑗𝑝𝑟=1
𝑝 (3)
For each index, 𝑁𝑗 = 𝐷𝑠𝑗𝑡𝑠=1
𝑡 (4)
1.6. ETI among student Malaysian
Public Universities
The study has also been carried out among the
soldiers at Wardieburn Camp. The findings showed
that, the level of tolerance is highly tolerated, based
on Religious Domain, Ethnic Cross Relationship
Domain, Governance Domain and Ethnic
Tolerance Domain
i
ii
4. RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENT & RECOGNITION
The findings showed that, the level of tolerance is highly tolerated;
1. Religious Domain - Most of the students strongly agree that religious values have a strong
influence on ethnic tolerance
2. Ethnic Cross Relationship Domain - Most of the students agree that ethnic cross relationship has a
significant influence on ethnic tolerance. 3. Governance Domain - Most of the students strongly agree that education can influence on the level
of ethnic tolerance
4. Ethnic Tolerance Domain - 53 % of the respondent agree that there is a need to at least to
acknowledge in order to increase the level of ethnic tolerance.
2.1. Level of Impact – National
2.2.2. Wardieburn Camp
A stable ethnic relation is the most important foundation in the
nation building endeavour and this ETI provides an important
indicator on the present state of ethnic relation in this country.
Currently this model is developed based on the data obtained
from the university students that represent the youth
segment. Another set of data is based on the national
security agency segment which is the military. Both data
show that the current state of ethnic relation in the country
is good.
2.3. Useful to
National Unity
3.1 Completeness and
contributed to
knowledge
3.1.1 Copyright ETI Model
and ETI Questionnaire
IN THE MATTER of the Paragraph 26A (3) (b) of the
Copyright Act 1987 (Act 332)
And
IN THE MATTER of the
Copyright (Voluntary
Notification) Regulations
2012 [P.U.(A) 160] STATUTORY DECLARATION
I, WAN NORHASNIAH BINTI WAN HUSIN
(NRIC No: 720222-11-5432), a Malaysian citizen full
age and I am one of the Professor from
UNIVERSITI PERTAHANAN NASIONAL
MALAYSIA (herein after referred as to the
University) of Universiti Pertahanan Malaysia,
Kem Sungai Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia do hereby solemnly and sincerely
2.1.1. JPNIN
3.1.2 Publications
1. “Developing an Index of Ethnic Tolerance among Students in Malaysian Public
Universities.” (2019). International Migration Review (submitted – ISI WOS).
2. “Cultural Awareness among Malaysian Peacekeepers based on the
Perspective of Civil-Military Interaction Theory.” (2019). Journal of International
Peacekeeping (Accepted for publication - SCOPUS)
3. “The Value of Budi-Islam as the Foundation of Strengthening Ethnic Tolerance
among Malay Students at the Public Higher Learning Institution.” ASIA
International Multidisciplinary Conference, 15 -17 May 2019.
4. ““The Practice of Cultural Tolerance among Malaysian Peacekeeping Force
during Operations.” (2019). 7th icCSBs The Annual International Conference
on Cognitive – Social, and Behavioural Sciences‘. ISSN:2357-1330.
5. “Ethnic Tolerance Among Students in Malaysian Public Universities.” (2018).
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 221, pp. 6-
10
5.1. Collaboration
JPNIN & KITA 5.2 Copyright
Questionnaire
4.1 Publications
1. “Developing an Index of Ethnic Tolerance among Students in Malaysian Public Universities.”
(2019). International Migration Review (submitted – ISI WOS).
2. “Cultural Awareness among Malaysian Peacekeepers based on the Perspective of Civil-Military
Interaction Theory.” (2019). Journal of International Peacekeeping (Accepted for publication -
SCOPUS)
3. “The Value of Budi-Islam as the Foundation of Strengthening Ethnic Tolerance among Malay
Students at the Public Higher Learning Institution.” ASIA International Multidisciplinary
Conference, 15 -17 May 2019.
4. “The Practice of Cultural Tolerance among Malaysian Peacekeeping Force during Operations.”
(2019). 7th icCSBs The Annual International Conference on Cognitive – Social, and Behavioural
Sciences‘. ISSN:2357-1330.
5. “Ethnic Tolerance Among Students in Malaysian Public Universities.“ (2018). Advances in Social
Science, Education and Humanities Research. 221, pp. 6-10.
6. “Inter-Ethnic Tolerance and Communalism in Pre-Independence Malaysia.“ (2017). The
European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.02.11.
7. “The Influence of Budi-Islam Values on Tunku Abdul Rahman (Tunku) Leadership.“ (2016). The
European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences.
http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.03.3
4.2 Research Fund
4.3 Talent Development
4.4 Awards
1. Fundamental Research Grant Scheme
(FRGS/1/2018/SS10/UPNM/02/1 – RM68,000.00) 2018 – “A New
Model of Consociational Politics in Strengthening Malaysia’s Total
Defence”.
2. Short Term Grant UPNM Scheme (UPNM/2018/SS10/UPNM/02/1
– RM5,000.00). 2018 – “Ethnic Tolerance Index Among Military
Personnel at WardieburnCamp
1. Produced 1 master student by research on 2018.
The title of the thesis “Pembinaan Model Toleransi
Etnik berdasarkan kepada Pengaruh Tadbir Urus”
Gold Award –
Defence, Security
and Sustainability
2019 (DSS2019).
National Level.
Ethnic Tolerance Index