5. COMMERCIALIZATION & INTELECTUAL PROPERTY

2. APPLICABILITY & LEVEL OF IMPACT

3. PRODUCT /TECHNOLOGY /READINESS

RESEARCHER: CO-RESEARCHERS:

DEVELOPING ETHNIC

TOLERANCE INDEX (ETI) AMONG

STUDENTS IN MALAYSIAN

PUBLIC UNIVERSITY

1. NOVELTY / INVENTIVENESS

1.1. Introduction

Prof Madya Dr. Wan Norhasniah Wan Husin

Department of Strategic Studies, NDUM

Prof Madya Dr. Norhana Abdul Halim

Centre of Foundation, NDUM

Wan Muhammad Izrin Wan Rashid

Graduate Research Assistance, NDUM

The study has embarked with the new ethnic tolerant index (ETI)

in measuring 3 main variables, which are the religious domain,

ethnic cross relationship domain and governance domain, that

influence the inter-ethnic tolerance among students at three public

research universities ( , , ) in Klang Valley, This ETI is

based on the formula used to determine Malaysian Youth Index

2015 (IBM 2015),

1.2. Conceptual

Framework

Literature Review

Index Belia Malaysia

Religious Domain

(Substantive Indicator

and Functional

Indicator)

Ethnic Cross

Relationship Domain

(Individual Indicator and

Community Indicator)

Governance Domain

(Education Indicator,

Economic Indicator, Political

Indicator)

Ethnic Tolerance Domain

(Acknowledgment Indicator,

Comfortable Indicator,

Acceptance Indicator, Sharing

Indicator, Proud Indicator)

1.3. Data Analysis

Statistical

Descriptive i Percentage

Frequency –

t value

Respondent

Demography

3rd year

students’ from SPSS version 23.0

Result of reliability and validity

for all factors

ii

FACTORS

CRONBACH ALPHA

Religion 0.906

Ethnic cross

relationship 0.955

Governance 0.814

Ethnic tolerance 0.794

1.5 Developing of Ethnic

Tolerance Index (ETI)

Each indicator represents a factor and then summed

up to form an Ethnic Tolerant Index (ETI) with the

range from 1 to 5 as shown in Figure 1.0.

This scale is used as a means to understand the level of

ethnic tolerant and the measurement is based on the

min score (Indeks Belia Malaysia). Followings are the

methods or formulas used to measure the scores

INDEX FORMULA FOR EACH SCORE

For each questions 𝑄𝑖𝑗 = 𝑅𝑖𝑗

𝑇× 100

(1)

For each indicator, 𝐼𝑗 = 𝑄𝑘𝑗𝑚𝑘=1

𝑚 (2)

For each domain, 𝐷𝑗 = 𝐼𝑟𝑗𝑝𝑟=1

𝑝 (3)

For each index, 𝑁𝑗 = 𝐷𝑠𝑗𝑡𝑠=1

𝑡 (4)

1.6. ETI among student Malaysian

Public Universities

The study has also been carried out among the

soldiers at Wardieburn Camp. The findings showed

that, the level of tolerance is highly tolerated, based

on Religious Domain, Ethnic Cross Relationship

Domain, Governance Domain and Ethnic

Tolerance Domain

i

ii

4. RESEARCH ACHIEVEMENT & RECOGNITION

The findings showed that, the level of tolerance is highly tolerated;

1. Religious Domain - Most of the students strongly agree that religious values have a strong

influence on ethnic tolerance

2. Ethnic Cross Relationship Domain - Most of the students agree that ethnic cross relationship has a

significant influence on ethnic tolerance. 3. Governance Domain - Most of the students strongly agree that education can influence on the level

of ethnic tolerance

4. Ethnic Tolerance Domain - 53 % of the respondent agree that there is a need to at least to

acknowledge in order to increase the level of ethnic tolerance.

2.1. Level of Impact – National

2.2.2. Wardieburn Camp

A stable ethnic relation is the most important foundation in the

nation building endeavour and this ETI provides an important

indicator on the present state of ethnic relation in this country.

Currently this model is developed based on the data obtained

from the university students that represent the youth

segment. Another set of data is based on the national

security agency segment which is the military. Both data

show that the current state of ethnic relation in the country

is good.

2.3. Useful to

National Unity

3.1 Completeness and

contributed to

knowledge

3.1.1 Copyright ETI Model

and ETI Questionnaire

IN THE MATTER of the Paragraph 26A (3) (b) of the

Copyright Act 1987 (Act 332)

And

IN THE MATTER of the

Copyright (Voluntary

Notification) Regulations

2012 [P.U.(A) 160] STATUTORY DECLARATION

I, WAN NORHASNIAH BINTI WAN HUSIN

(NRIC No: 720222-11-5432), a Malaysian citizen full

age and I am one of the Professor from

UNIVERSITI PERTAHANAN NASIONAL

MALAYSIA (herein after referred as to the

University) of Universiti Pertahanan Malaysia,

Kem Sungai Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur,

Malaysia do hereby solemnly and sincerely

2.1.1. JPNIN

3.1.2 Publications

1. “Developing an Index of Ethnic Tolerance among Students in Malaysian Public

Universities.” (2019). International Migration Review (submitted – ISI WOS).

2. “Cultural Awareness among Malaysian Peacekeepers based on the

Perspective of Civil-Military Interaction Theory.” (2019). Journal of International

Peacekeeping (Accepted for publication - SCOPUS)

3. “The Value of Budi-Islam as the Foundation of Strengthening Ethnic Tolerance

among Malay Students at the Public Higher Learning Institution.” ASIA

International Multidisciplinary Conference, 15 -17 May 2019.

4. ““The Practice of Cultural Tolerance among Malaysian Peacekeeping Force

during Operations.” (2019). 7th icCSBs The Annual International Conference

on Cognitive – Social, and Behavioural Sciences‘. ISSN:2357-1330.

5. “Ethnic Tolerance Among Students in Malaysian Public Universities.” (2018).

Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. 221, pp. 6-

10

5.1. Collaboration

JPNIN & KITA 5.2 Copyright

Questionnaire

4.1 Publications

1. “Developing an Index of Ethnic Tolerance among Students in Malaysian Public Universities.”

(2019). International Migration Review (submitted – ISI WOS).

2. “Cultural Awareness among Malaysian Peacekeepers based on the Perspective of Civil-Military

Interaction Theory.” (2019). Journal of International Peacekeeping (Accepted for publication -

SCOPUS)

3. “The Value of Budi-Islam as the Foundation of Strengthening Ethnic Tolerance among Malay

Students at the Public Higher Learning Institution.” ASIA International Multidisciplinary

Conference, 15 -17 May 2019.

4. “The Practice of Cultural Tolerance among Malaysian Peacekeeping Force during Operations.”

(2019). 7th icCSBs The Annual International Conference on Cognitive – Social, and Behavioural

Sciences‘. ISSN:2357-1330.

5. “Ethnic Tolerance Among Students in Malaysian Public Universities.“ (2018). Advances in Social

Science, Education and Humanities Research. 221, pp. 6-10.

6. “Inter-Ethnic Tolerance and Communalism in Pre-Independence Malaysia.“ (2017). The

European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences.

http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2017.02.11.

7. “The Influence of Budi-Islam Values on Tunku Abdul Rahman (Tunku) Leadership.“ (2016). The

European Proceedings of Social & Behavioural Sciences.

http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.03.3

4.2 Research Fund

4.3 Talent Development

4.4 Awards

1. Fundamental Research Grant Scheme

(FRGS/1/2018/SS10/UPNM/02/1 – RM68,000.00) 2018 – “A New

Model of Consociational Politics in Strengthening Malaysia’s Total

Defence”.

2. Short Term Grant UPNM Scheme (UPNM/2018/SS10/UPNM/02/1

– RM5,000.00). 2018 – “Ethnic Tolerance Index Among Military

Personnel at WardieburnCamp

1. Produced 1 master student by research on 2018.

The title of the thesis “Pembinaan Model Toleransi

Etnik berdasarkan kepada Pengaruh Tadbir Urus”

Gold Award –

Defence, Security

and Sustainability

2019 (DSS2019).

National Level.

Ethnic Tolerance Index