Spartan Controls Ltd.
Coriolis Mass Flow MetersCoriolis Mass Flow Metersforfor
Natural Gas MeasurementNatural Gas Measurement
Mike Rogi
Measurement Technical Sales Specialist
Spartan Controls
Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Measurement
Agenda
� Overview of Technology
� Measurement Canada Approval &
AGA 11 / API Ch 14.9 of MPMS Overview
� Installation Requirements & Maintenance
� Natural Gas applications
� Summary
� Q & A
Overview of TechnologyOverview of TechnologyOverview of Technology
Theory of operation - Bent Tube Meter DesignTheory of operationTheory of operation -- Bent Tube Meter DesignBent Tube Meter Design
Theory of Operation – Density & Pickoff SignalTheory of Operation Theory of Operation –– Density & Pickoff SignalDensity & Pickoff Signal
Theory of Operation – Pickoff SignalsNo Flow (Top View)
Theory of Operation Theory of Operation –– Pickoff SignalsPickoff SignalsNo Flow (Top View)No Flow (Top View)
Theory of Operation – Pickoff SignalsFlow (Top View)
Theory of Operation Theory of Operation –– Pickoff SignalsPickoff SignalsFlow (Top View)Flow (Top View)
Agenda
� Overview of Technology
� Measurement Canada Approval &
AGA 11 / API Ch 14.9 of MPMS Overview
� Installation Requirements & Maintenance
� Natural Gas applications
� Summary
� Q & A
Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Gas Measurement
Measurement Canada NOAMeasurement Canada NOAMeasurement Canada NOA
• Approved in Canada for natural gas mass flow measurement since 2000
• Requires calibration at MC approved facility
• No Upstream, Downstream straight pipe diameters
AGA Report No. 11 / API MPMS Ch. 14.9Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MeterAGA Report No. 11 / API MPMS Ch. 14.9AGA Report No. 11 / API MPMS Ch. 14.9Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MeterMeasurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter
• Adopted by API at publication (2003)
• It is a “Standard”
• API MPMS Chapter 14.9 (Manual on Petroleum Measurement Standards)
• Covers application of meters within the Normal and Expanded Ranges called out by AGA Report No. 8
• It is a performance based specification
• All Coriolis meters that meet performance specifications described in the standard can be used to measure natural gas
• The intent of the document is to guide and caution/protect the users of Coriolis meters for Natural Gas when applying the technology
AGA11 - Performance RequirementsAGA11 AGA11 -- Performance RequirementsPerformance Requirements
� Minimum Performance Requirements
– Repeatability: + 0.5% of reading for Qt < Qi < Qmax
– Maximum Mean Error: + 1.0% of reading for Qt < Qi < Qmax
– Maximum Peak-to-Peak Error: 1.0% of reading for Qt < Qi < Qmax
AGA 11 – Gas Operating Conditions“Upstream Piping and Flow Profiles”AGA 11 AGA 11 –– Gas Operating ConditionsGas Operating Conditions““Upstream Piping and Flow ProfilesUpstream Piping and Flow Profiles””
No Flow Conditioning or Special Piping Required
AGA11 – Flow Calibration Issues“Water, Air, Gas Calibrations”
AGA11 AGA11 –– Flow Calibration IssuesFlow Calibration Issues“Water, Air, Gas Calibrations”“Water, Air, Gas Calibrations”
GRI Report GRI - 04/0172
Water calibration data on a Coriolis meter can be transferred to natural gas applications without loss of accuracy
Vibration ImmunityVibration ImmunityVibration Immunity
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
Shaker Table Frequency, Hz
Mass F
low
Sig
nal N
ois
e, S
CF
M
Flow Tube Resonant Frequency
Fluid Pulsation ImmunityFluid Pulsation ImmunityFluid Pulsation Immunity
Effect of flow pulsations on a Micro Motion meter
frequency "sweep" at 2700 kg/h
-2.00
-1.50
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
Frequency (Hz)
Err
or
(%)
Coriolis Meter TurndownCoriolis Meter TurndownCoriolis Meter TurndownTurndown All Meters SCFH with 15 psi drop
@ Standard Conditions of .600 Real Gravity, 14.73 psi, and 60 Deg F
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400
PSI
T
U
R
N
D
O
W
N
Elite 010
Elite 025
Elite 050
Elite 100
Elite 200
Elite 300
Elite 400
F025
F050
F100
F200
R025
R050
R100
AGA11 – Gas Velocity and FiltrationAGA11 AGA11 –– Gas Velocity and FiltrationGas Velocity and Filtration
• Nickel Alloys do not Erode from High Gas Velocities
• Gas Velocities similar to other Measurement Technologies
• Meter should be protected from Abrasives
• Flow Tube Coating/Debris Build-up Apparent as Zero Shift (Zero Shift Affects Low-end Performance)
Agenda
� Overview of Technology
� Measurement Canada Approval &
AGA 11 / API Ch 14.9 of MPMS Overview
� Installation Requirements & Maintenance
� Natural Gas applications
� Summary
� Q & A
Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Gas Measurement
AGA11 - Installation RequirementsAGA11 AGA11 -- Installation RequirementsInstallation Requirements
• Some bending-mode Coriolis flow sensors are generally immune to velocity profile distortion and swirl effects, thus allowing the designer flexibility restricted only by good piping support practices to minimize structural stresses on the sensor body.
• Piping Configuration
Double Block
& Bleed Valve
No upstreampiping requirements
• Flow Tubes up on gas preferred
• Flow Tubes in flag position on gas in tight quarters, flow direction down
• No upstream pipe requirements
Gas Orientation & Piping Requirements
General Piping & SupportGeneral Piping & SupportGeneral Piping & Support
• Proper weight support
• No sagging pipes
• Meter flow tube case is sacred ground
• Case should not be used to support the meter or other equipment
• Proper alignment of piping & flanges
• Use of fabrication spool piece in field
GasNet Example: Poor Flange Alignment & Meter Support
AGA11 - Installation RequirementsMeter Mounting
AGA11 AGA11 -- Installation RequirementsInstallation RequirementsMeter MountingMeter Mounting
GasNet Example: Poor Flange Alignment & Meter Support
AGA11 - Installation RequirementsMeter Mounting
AGA11 AGA11 -- Installation RequirementsInstallation RequirementsMeter MountingMeter Mounting
AGA11 - Installation RequirementsMeter Mounting
AGA11 AGA11 -- Installation RequirementsInstallation RequirementsMeter MountingMeter Mounting
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1 27 53 79 105 131 157 183 209 235 261 287 313 339 365 391 417 443 469 495 521 547 573 599 625 651 677 703 729 755 781 807 833
• No flow for 35 days
• Flow or meter zero
• Ambient temperature
GasNet Example: Poor Flange Alignment & Meter Support
Piping InspectionPiping InspectionPiping Inspection
• Unbolt one set of flanges
• Unbolt piping support fasteners on each side of the meter
• Look for a shift in the alignment of flanges
If shift in flange alignment is noted,
have fabricator correct
piping!
Flow Pressure EffectCorrection and Potential ErrorFlow Pressure EffectFlow Pressure EffectCorrection and Potential ErrorCorrection and Potential Error
alMassRe
RawMass
EffectP
StaticP
CalP
Where: = Real mass or pressure compensated mass from the Coriolis sensor
= Mass raw or mass from the Coriolis sensor at internal flow tube
pressure
= Pressure effect in percent of rate per psig
= Fluid static pressure in psig
= Flow calibration static pressure in psig
))(*)100/((1ReCal
Pstatic
PEffect
P
Mass
alMass Raw
−+=
-2.1%-1.4%-1.0%-0.5%-0.1%F Series
-2.1%-1.4%-1.0%-0.5%-0.1%CMF400
-1.3%-0.9%-0.6%-0.3%-0.0%CMF300
-1.7%-1.1%-0.8%-0.4%-0.1%CMF200
-0.4%-0.3%-0.2%-0.1%0.0%CMF100
0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%CMF050 and Smaller
216014501000500100Pressure (psig)
Potential Error w/o Pressure Correction(Natural Gas)
Gas Physical Properties are required by AGA8Gas Physical Properties are required by Gas Physical Properties are required by AGA8AGA8
• Physical property information required for AGA8
• Gross Method 1
• Specific Gravity, CO2, BTU
• Gross Method 2
• Specific Gravity, CO2, N2
• Detail Method
• Gas Composition (From Gas Analyzer)
• Coriolis utilizes Specific Gravity or Complete Composition to calculate base density
Conversion of Mass to Standard ConditionsConversion of Mass to Standard ConditionsConversion of Mass to Standard Conditions
RS485 or Pulse
=
=
=
(Air)(Gas) x Gr
x x
(Gas) x
ρ
ρ
MassNCM
TbRZb
MrPb
MassNCM
b
MassNCM
AGA8 Detail
AGA8 Gross 1 or 2
AGA 11 Maintenance – Operational ChecksAGA 11 Maintenance AGA 11 Maintenance –– Operational ChecksOperational Checks
• Seasonal Meter Zero Verification
• Resetting of zero if out of tolerance
• Logging of zero if out of tolerance
• Trending of Measured Flowing Density
• Indication of meter health
• Indication of calibration factor change
• Inspection of Meters Diagnostic Indicators
• Sensor Diagnostics
• Transmitter Diagnostics
Agenda
� Overview of Technology
� Measurement Canada Approval &
AGA 11 / API Ch 14.9 of MPMS Overview
� Installation Requirements & Maintenance
� Natural Gas applications
� Summary
� Q & A
Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Gas Measurement
Natural Gas Distribution Natural Gas Distribution MeteringMetering
City Gates and Industry Gates
• High pressure flow stations < 3.5 MM scfd
• Targeted at high turndown transfer points
• Modbus linked to RTU
• Standard volume total
Applications – Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– Compressor Fuel Gas Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementMeasurement
Compressor Fuel Gas Measurement
Flow: < 112 MSCFH
Pressure : 300 psi
Custody Transfer Measurement Point
Applications – Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– Compressor Fuel Gas Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementMeasurement
Compressor Fuel Gas Measurement to reduce NOX emissions
Non-Custody Transfer Measurement Point
Reliable flow measurement with no moving parts
Applications – City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– City Gate Natural Gas City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementMeasurement
City Gate Measurement(Inuvik Gas)
Flow: 0.15–3.0 MMSCFD
Pressure : 300 psig
Reduced system uncertainty≤≤≤≤ 0.5%
Applications – City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– City Gate Natural Gas City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementMeasurement
City Gate Measurement
Flow: 2500 –24,000 mscf/hr (each meter)
Pressure : 150-750 psi
Meters Cross Check each other at Low Flows
Agenda
� Overview of Technology
� Measurement Canada Approval &
AGA 11 / API Ch 14.9 of MPMS Overview
� Installation Requirements & Maintenance
� Natural Gas applications
� Summary
� Q & A
Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Gas Measurement
Comparison Comparison –– Orifice, Rotary, Turbine, Orifice, Rotary, Turbine, Coriolis, and UltrasonicCoriolis, and Ultrasonic
Low - MedHighHighHighHighValve Noise Tolerance
MultipleMultipleLimitedNoneNoneHealth Diagnostics
MediumHighLowLowLow – MedDirty Process Tolerance
NoNoYesYesYesHigh Flow Damage
LowMed - HighMed – High Med - HighMed - HighPressure Loss
RequiredPressure –Pres. Not Req.
RequiredRequiredRequiredPressure & Temp. Requirement
PossibleNoYesYesYesPulsation Error
YesNoYesNoYesProfile Sensitive
NoNoYesYesNoWearing Parts
LowLowHighHighHighOperating Cost
Med - HighMed - HighMed - HighMed - HighLow - MedCapital Cost
HighMedium - HighMediumHighLowTurndown
HighHighMediumLowLowAccuracy
FragmentedFragmentedFragmentedFragmentedBroadGas Industry Acceptance
AGA9AGA11AGA7ANSI B109.3AGA3Standards
UltrasonicCoriolisTurbineRotaryOrificeAttribute
The Benefits of Coriolis MetersThe Benefits of Coriolis MetersThe Benefits of Coriolis Meters
• No wearing parts (long-term meter factor stability)
• No upstream or downstream flow conditioning or straight run requirements (design dependent)
• No pressure or temperature compensation required and no need for calibration if used
• No valve noise concerns and the only flow meter available that is unaffected by fluid pulsations.
• No flow damage or loss of measurement at abnormally high flows (design dependent)
• Installed cost comparable with Turbine, Rotary, and Precision Orifice in 300 ANSI and typically less expensive in 600 and 900 ANSI applications
• Virtually no maintenance
• Extensive diagnostic health and accuracy indicators
Questions?
Thank You!