Coriolis Gas Meter

Spartan Controls Ltd.

Coriolis Mass Flow MetersCoriolis Mass Flow Metersforfor

Natural Gas MeasurementNatural Gas Measurement

Mike Rogi

Measurement Technical Sales Specialist

Spartan Controls

Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Measurement

Agenda

� Overview of Technology

� Measurement Canada Approval &

AGA 11 / API Ch 14.9 of MPMS Overview

� Installation Requirements & Maintenance

� Natural Gas applications

� Summary

� Q & A

Overview of TechnologyOverview of TechnologyOverview of Technology

Theory of operation - Bent Tube Meter DesignTheory of operationTheory of operation -- Bent Tube Meter DesignBent Tube Meter Design

Theory of Operation – Density & Pickoff SignalTheory of Operation Theory of Operation –– Density & Pickoff SignalDensity & Pickoff Signal

Theory of Operation – Pickoff SignalsNo Flow (Top View)

Theory of Operation Theory of Operation –– Pickoff SignalsPickoff SignalsNo Flow (Top View)No Flow (Top View)

Theory of Operation – Pickoff SignalsFlow (Top View)

Theory of Operation Theory of Operation –– Pickoff SignalsPickoff SignalsFlow (Top View)Flow (Top View)

Agenda






� Summary

� Q & A

Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Coriolis Mass Flow Meters for Natural Gas Measurement Gas Measurement

Measurement Canada NOAMeasurement Canada NOAMeasurement Canada NOA

• Approved in Canada for natural gas mass flow measurement since 2000

• Requires calibration at MC approved facility

• No Upstream, Downstream straight pipe diameters

AGA Report No. 11 / API MPMS Ch. 14.9Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MeterAGA Report No. 11 / API MPMS Ch. 14.9AGA Report No. 11 / API MPMS Ch. 14.9Measurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis MeterMeasurement of Natural Gas by Coriolis Meter

• Adopted by API at publication (2003)

• It is a “Standard”

• API MPMS Chapter 14.9 (Manual on Petroleum Measurement Standards)

• Covers application of meters within the Normal and Expanded Ranges called out by AGA Report No. 8

• It is a performance based specification

• All Coriolis meters that meet performance specifications described in the standard can be used to measure natural gas

• The intent of the document is to guide and caution/protect the users of Coriolis meters for Natural Gas when applying the technology

AGA11 - Performance RequirementsAGA11 AGA11 -- Performance RequirementsPerformance Requirements

� Minimum Performance Requirements

– Repeatability: + 0.5% of reading for Qt < Qi < Qmax

– Maximum Mean Error: + 1.0% of reading for Qt < Qi < Qmax

– Maximum Peak-to-Peak Error: 1.0% of reading for Qt < Qi < Qmax

AGA 11 – Gas Operating Conditions“Upstream Piping and Flow Profiles”AGA 11 AGA 11 –– Gas Operating ConditionsGas Operating Conditions““Upstream Piping and Flow ProfilesUpstream Piping and Flow Profiles””

No Flow Conditioning or Special Piping Required

AGA11 – Flow Calibration Issues“Water, Air, Gas Calibrations”

AGA11 AGA11 –– Flow Calibration IssuesFlow Calibration Issues“Water, Air, Gas Calibrations”“Water, Air, Gas Calibrations”

GRI Report GRI - 04/0172

Water calibration data on a Coriolis meter can be transferred to natural gas applications without loss of accuracy

Vibration ImmunityVibration ImmunityVibration Immunity

-1.5

-1

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Shaker Table Frequency, Hz

Mass F

low

Sig

nal N

ois

e, S

CF

M

Flow Tube Resonant Frequency

Fluid Pulsation ImmunityFluid Pulsation ImmunityFluid Pulsation Immunity

Effect of flow pulsations on a Micro Motion meter

frequency "sweep" at 2700 kg/h

-2.00

-1.50

-1.00

-0.50

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400

Frequency (Hz)

Err

or

(%)

Coriolis Meter TurndownCoriolis Meter TurndownCoriolis Meter TurndownTurndown All Meters SCFH with 15 psi drop

@ Standard Conditions of .600 Real Gravity, 14.73 psi, and 60 Deg F

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

120

100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400

PSI

T

U

R

N

D

O

W

N

Elite 010

Elite 025

Elite 050

Elite 100

Elite 200

Elite 300

Elite 400

F025

F050

F100

F200

R025

R050

R100

AGA11 – Gas Velocity and FiltrationAGA11 AGA11 –– Gas Velocity and FiltrationGas Velocity and Filtration

• Nickel Alloys do not Erode from High Gas Velocities

• Gas Velocities similar to other Measurement Technologies

• Meter should be protected from Abrasives

• Flow Tube Coating/Debris Build-up Apparent as Zero Shift (Zero Shift Affects Low-end Performance)

Agenda






� Summary

� Q & A


AGA11 - Installation RequirementsAGA11 AGA11 -- Installation RequirementsInstallation Requirements

• Some bending-mode Coriolis flow sensors are generally immune to velocity profile distortion and swirl effects, thus allowing the designer flexibility restricted only by good piping support practices to minimize structural stresses on the sensor body.

• Piping Configuration

Double Block

& Bleed Valve

No upstreampiping requirements

• Flow Tubes up on gas preferred

• Flow Tubes in flag position on gas in tight quarters, flow direction down

• No upstream pipe requirements

Gas Orientation & Piping Requirements

General Piping & SupportGeneral Piping & SupportGeneral Piping & Support

• Proper weight support

• No sagging pipes

• Meter flow tube case is sacred ground

• Case should not be used to support the meter or other equipment

• Proper alignment of piping & flanges

• Use of fabrication spool piece in field

GasNet Example: Poor Flange Alignment & Meter Support

AGA11 - Installation RequirementsMeter Mounting

AGA11 AGA11 -- Installation RequirementsInstallation RequirementsMeter MountingMeter Mounting






0

50

100

150

200

250

300

1 27 53 79 105 131 157 183 209 235 261 287 313 339 365 391 417 443 469 495 521 547 573 599 625 651 677 703 729 755 781 807 833

• No flow for 35 days

• Flow or meter zero

• Ambient temperature


Piping InspectionPiping InspectionPiping Inspection

• Unbolt one set of flanges

• Unbolt piping support fasteners on each side of the meter

• Look for a shift in the alignment of flanges

If shift in flange alignment is noted,

have fabricator correct

piping!

Flow Pressure EffectCorrection and Potential ErrorFlow Pressure EffectFlow Pressure EffectCorrection and Potential ErrorCorrection and Potential Error

alMassRe

RawMass

EffectP

StaticP

CalP

Where: = Real mass or pressure compensated mass from the Coriolis sensor

= Mass raw or mass from the Coriolis sensor at internal flow tube

pressure

= Pressure effect in percent of rate per psig

= Fluid static pressure in psig

= Flow calibration static pressure in psig

))(*)100/((1ReCal

Pstatic

PEffect

P

Mass

alMass Raw

−+=

-2.1%-1.4%-1.0%-0.5%-0.1%F Series

-2.1%-1.4%-1.0%-0.5%-0.1%CMF400

-1.3%-0.9%-0.6%-0.3%-0.0%CMF300

-1.7%-1.1%-0.8%-0.4%-0.1%CMF200

-0.4%-0.3%-0.2%-0.1%0.0%CMF100

0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%0.0%CMF050 and Smaller

216014501000500100Pressure (psig)

Potential Error w/o Pressure Correction(Natural Gas)

Gas Physical Properties are required by AGA8Gas Physical Properties are required by Gas Physical Properties are required by AGA8AGA8

• Physical property information required for AGA8

• Gross Method 1

• Specific Gravity, CO2, BTU

• Gross Method 2

• Specific Gravity, CO2, N2

• Detail Method

• Gas Composition (From Gas Analyzer)

• Coriolis utilizes Specific Gravity or Complete Composition to calculate base density

Conversion of Mass to Standard ConditionsConversion of Mass to Standard ConditionsConversion of Mass to Standard Conditions

RS485 or Pulse

=

=

=

(Air)(Gas) x Gr

x x

(Gas) x

ρ

ρ

MassNCM

TbRZb

MrPb

MassNCM

b

MassNCM

AGA8 Detail

AGA8 Gross 1 or 2

AGA 11 Maintenance – Operational ChecksAGA 11 Maintenance AGA 11 Maintenance –– Operational ChecksOperational Checks

• Seasonal Meter Zero Verification

• Resetting of zero if out of tolerance

• Logging of zero if out of tolerance

• Trending of Measured Flowing Density

• Indication of meter health

• Indication of calibration factor change

• Inspection of Meters Diagnostic Indicators

• Sensor Diagnostics

• Transmitter Diagnostics

Agenda






� Summary

� Q & A


Natural Gas Distribution Natural Gas Distribution MeteringMetering

City Gates and Industry Gates

• High pressure flow stations < 3.5 MM scfd

• Targeted at high turndown transfer points

• Modbus linked to RTU

• Standard volume total

Applications – Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– Compressor Fuel Gas Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementMeasurement

Compressor Fuel Gas Measurement

Flow: < 112 MSCFH

Pressure : 300 psi

Custody Transfer Measurement Point

Applications – Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– Compressor Fuel Gas Compressor Fuel Gas MeasurementMeasurement

Compressor Fuel Gas Measurement to reduce NOX emissions

Non-Custody Transfer Measurement Point

Reliable flow measurement with no moving parts

Applications – City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– City Gate Natural Gas City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementMeasurement

City Gate Measurement(Inuvik Gas)

Flow: 0.15–3.0 MMSCFD

Pressure : 300 psig

Reduced system uncertainty≤≤≤≤ 0.5%

Applications – City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementApplications Applications –– City Gate Natural Gas City Gate Natural Gas MeasurementMeasurement

City Gate Measurement

Flow: 2500 –24,000 mscf/hr (each meter)

Pressure : 150-750 psi

Meters Cross Check each other at Low Flows

Agenda






� Summary

� Q & A


Comparison Comparison –– Orifice, Rotary, Turbine, Orifice, Rotary, Turbine, Coriolis, and UltrasonicCoriolis, and Ultrasonic

Low - MedHighHighHighHighValve Noise Tolerance

MultipleMultipleLimitedNoneNoneHealth Diagnostics

MediumHighLowLowLow – MedDirty Process Tolerance

NoNoYesYesYesHigh Flow Damage

LowMed - HighMed – High Med - HighMed - HighPressure Loss

RequiredPressure –Pres. Not Req.

RequiredRequiredRequiredPressure & Temp. Requirement

PossibleNoYesYesYesPulsation Error

YesNoYesNoYesProfile Sensitive

NoNoYesYesNoWearing Parts

LowLowHighHighHighOperating Cost

Med - HighMed - HighMed - HighMed - HighLow - MedCapital Cost

HighMedium - HighMediumHighLowTurndown

HighHighMediumLowLowAccuracy

FragmentedFragmentedFragmentedFragmentedBroadGas Industry Acceptance

AGA9AGA11AGA7ANSI B109.3AGA3Standards

UltrasonicCoriolisTurbineRotaryOrificeAttribute

The Benefits of Coriolis MetersThe Benefits of Coriolis MetersThe Benefits of Coriolis Meters

• No wearing parts (long-term meter factor stability)

• No upstream or downstream flow conditioning or straight run requirements (design dependent)

• No pressure or temperature compensation required and no need for calibration if used

• No valve noise concerns and the only flow meter available that is unaffected by fluid pulsations.

• No flow damage or loss of measurement at abnormally high flows (design dependent)

• Installed cost comparable with Turbine, Rotary, and Precision Orifice in 300 ANSI and typically less expensive in 600 and 900 ANSI applications

• Virtually no maintenance

• Extensive diagnostic health and accuracy indicators

Questions?

Thank You!

Documents

Coriolis Gas Meter