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Emerald Ash BorerEmerald Ash BorerIowa State University Iowa State University WebcastWebcast
Cooperative Emerald Ash Borer Project
March 15, 2007
The MichiganExperience andIdeas forCoping with theThreat of EAB
In 2002 the EmeraldAsh Borer (EAB) wasidentified infesting ashtrees in SoutheasternMichigan and nearbyCanada.
Discovery in MichiganDiscovery in Michigan……
A New Pest In
North America
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EAB Response StrategyEAB Response Strategy
• Research – provide better methods to do allof the above
• Survey –determine where the pest occurs
• Regulate –establish quarantined areas to
contain the pest and facilitate commerce
when risk of spread of EAB can be mitigated
• Control – actions to eradicate the pest
• Outreach & Education – educate the public and industry and seek their support
Regulatory Response
In 2002 the State ofMichigan quarantined 6counties and added 7additional counties in 2003.
This September 17, 2003,map represents surveydata and quarantinedcounties in Michigan.
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EAB Survey
EAB survey
positives
found by
January 1,
2003.
EAB Survey
EAB survey
positives by
January 1,
2005
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Survey MethodologySurvey Methodology
• Visual
• DestructiveSampling
• Detection Tree
• Trap
Firewood Firewood –– A People Pathway A People Pathway
Firewood for Home Heating
Firewood for leisure camping
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Pallet Stock-Pallet Stock- highly mobile and
difficult to identify origin and make-up
• New pallet stockretaining cambiumand bark.
• Runners with barkattached
Log MovementLog Movement
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Nursery StockNursery Stock
• Transported nursery stock was thecause of the most distant outlierinfestation of EAB.
• Early on the state of Michigan puta moratorium on the movement ofash nursery stock in the LowerPeninsula
Regulatory EnforcementRegulatory Enforcement
Laws too gentle are seldom obeyed; too severe,Laws too gentle are seldom obeyed; too severe,
seldom executed.seldom executed.Benjamin Franklin, statesman, author, and inventor (1706-1790
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Regulatory ContactsRegulatory Contacts…… providing information
Education & OutreachEducation & Outreach
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Education & OutreachEducation & Outreach
Michigan’s Urban Landscape
Ash lined street in summer
Street after tree removal
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Woodlot Impacts
Essex County, Ontario Canada
Black AshNative AmericanCultural Heritage
Black ash seed is beingcollected and stored in a national seed bank
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Control CuttingControl Cutting
Cutting trees isCutting trees is
personalpersonal
Control CuttingControl Cutting
Removing andRemoving and
replacing trees isreplacing trees is
expensiveexpensive
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Control CuttingControl Cutting
It can bedifficult toachieve
Wood UtilizationWood Utilization
How to deal with thevolume of dead anddying ash material
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What to do about What to do about ash woodash wood in in
MichiganMichigan
• Marshalling yards
• Wood utilization initiatives
• ROOT – ‘Restoration of Our Trees’
• Community preparedness planning
• Public land management - Dept. ofNatural Resources timber sales and ashphloem reduction initiatives
• State coordinated tree removal contracts
National Science Advisory
Panel recommendation
• Gateway A
Response…Strategy – Management by Zones
– Mackinaw Bridge
• Gateway B– St. Clair
• Gateway C– MI – IN, MI – OH
Borders
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What Happened?What Happened?
• EAB is thought to have been introduced atleast ten (10) years before discovery.
• There was less than 2 pages of writtenresearch on the pest when it wasdiscovered.
• Time is needed for science to providebetter tools and more EAB knowledge
Accelerated Research InitiativeAccelerated Research Initiative
•Better tools to survey and control the pest•Better treatments to mitigate risk of artificial spread•More knowledge about the pest to open future options
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Evaluate Risk of Artificial MovementEvaluate Risk of Artificial Movement
especially nursery stock, firewood and pallets
Review Existing Laws/OrdinancesReview Existing Laws/Ordinances
• Review States’ authorities for agricultural
penalties and reform if necessary
• Make sure city ordinances cover invasives
and/or nuisance pests
• Review policies on public land for firewood
movement from outside the area
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Wood UtilizationWood Utilization
• Promote and research wood utilizationalternatives
• Cities and municipalities should reviewmaterial and financial resources to dealwith ash biomass
• Look to create ways for cities to get fundsfrom wood products to be used forrestoration and beautification
Identify your partners andIdentify your partners andstakeholdersstakeholders
It takes everybody to prepare for and respond toIt takes everybody to prepare for and respond toEABEAB
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Clawson City Park, Michigan.
Trees with X are ash marked for removal
•City Park
Managers
•Municipal
Maintenance
Dept.
•Urban
Foresters
•City Planners
Stakeholders/Partners
State Depts. of Transportation
• Survey• Signage• Regulatory stops
Stakeholders/Partners
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Stakeholders/Partners
Island Lake (Huron River), MI
•State and Federal Parks•Bureau of Land Management•Conservation Districts•Campground Owner Assoc.•Tourist Councils•Outdoor Recreation Industry
Cook County, Illinois Note woodpecker “blonding”
Regionalbirdwatcherscan beapproachedto reportareas withextensive woodpecker feeding
Stakeholders/Partners
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Homeowners andHomeowners and
propertyproperty
associations areassociations are
often responsibleoften responsible
for finding newfor finding new
infestationsinfestations
Stakeholders/Partners
Stakeholders/Partners
http://archive.pulp.tc/assets/images/New_Rules.gif
Utility Companies
Special Interest Groups
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•• Nursery Assoc.Nursery Assoc.
•• LandscapersLandscapers
Assoc.Assoc.
•• DevelopmentDevelopment
CouncilsCouncilsEAB gallery in nursery stock whip
Stakeholders/
Partners
Springport Schools Ash Bash
•University Extension
•Public Radio
•Public Libraries
•Boy Scouts
•School Districts
•Future Farmers ofAmerica
Stakeholders/Partners
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$ EAB Costs $$ EAB Costs $
• City of Toronto estimates a cost of $37 million over 5years to remove ash and complete restoration
• The 10 year impact of EAB in Ohio is > $3 billion
• Ash represents approx. 8% of Toledo’s trees (~8,000trees); it will take 5 years to remove them
• Ann Arbor proposed a tax to raise $4.2 millionto remove dead and dying ash trees
• Grand Rapids says it will cost $10-$12 million todeal with their ash street trees (15% of trees)
Other EAB Landscaping OptionsOther EAB Landscaping Options
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The FutureThe FutureEradicate or Manage ?Eradicate or Manage ?
• Ash phloem reduction• Natural Control – parasitoids
– Spathius agrili Yang – external larval parasitioid– Tetrastichus planipennis Yang – internal larval
parasitoid– Oobius agrili – solitary egg parasitoid
• Chemical control– Spinosad– Tree injcetions/soil drenches
• Ash tree resistance• EAB attractant volatiles – host and/or mating
Information Resources Information Resources
EAB Information/Hot Line- Dial Toll Free: (866) 322-4512EAB Information/Hot Line- Dial Toll Free: (866) 322-4512
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/ppq/ep/eab
www.emeraldashborer.info
www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/eab/index.html
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Thank YouThank You…… photos, maps and more photos, maps and more
James Zablotny, Entomologist, USDA APHIS
Brian Sullivan, USDA APHIS
Katie Armstrong, USDA FS
David Cappaert, MSU
Philip Bell USDA APHIS
Ken Merchant, CFIA
John Bedford, MDA
Michigan Dept. of Agriculture
Dave Leatherman, Retired
Jodie Ellis, Purdue Extension
Maps
Doug Bopp, GIS USDA
USDA Forest Service