Slide 1

Identifying Emerald Ash BorerGeneral symptomsCanopy thinningEpicormic sproutingWoodpecker feedingBark cracksDamageLarval feeding tunnelsAdult emergence holesLife stagesLarvaeAdultsMinnesota First Detectors 1Identifying Emerald Ash BorerGeneral symptomsCanopy thinningEpicormic sproutingWoodpecker feedingBark cracksDamageLarval feeding tunnelsAdult emergence holesLife stagesLarvaeAdultsMinnesota First Detectors 2General Symptoms

Canopy thinningEpicormic sproutingWoodpecker feedingBark cracksMinnesota First Detectors 3General symptoms are not diagnostic for EAB have to go further

Thinning Crown

Minnesota First Detectors The first symptom of an EAB infested tree is thinning foliage in the top of the canopy. Eventually limbs dieback.

James SmithWoodpecker Feeding

Minnesota First Detectors Woodpecker feed on EAB by flaking off bark and feeding on larvae or prepupae underneath. While woodpecker feeding is not diagnostic of EAB, it should raise a red flag and encourage you to examine the affected tree more closely. New picture for right sideDifference in EAB #s???

12345Minnesota First Detectors One peck visible6Identifying Beetle Infested TreesMinnesota First Detectors 7

Bark Cracking

MI Dept. of AgMinnesota First Detectors Bark can crack when old galleries develop callus tissue causing the bark to split. Although bark could crack for other reasons, look for larval galleries underneath which would be diagnostic for EAB. Do not seem to see these bark cracks from other ash borers. New cracking picture for rightDiagnosing Emerald Ash BorerGeneral symptomsCanopy thinningEpicormic sproutingWoodpecker feedingBark cracksDamageLarval feeding tunnelsAdult emergence holesLife stagesLarvaeAdultsMinnesota First Detectors 9Damage Larval Feeding Tunnels

Minnesota First Detectors 10S shape is diagnostic

Damage Larval Feeding TunnelsMinnesota First Detectors 11Increase in size, packed with frass S shape can be lost at times

Damage Larval Feeding TunnelsBlack ashMinnesota First Detectors 12S can be much broader in black ash (thinner phloem?). Picture not taken in MN

Damage Larval Feeding TunnelsMinnesota First Detectors 13S shape can be lost completely at high densities as larvae compete for available phloem (this image was not shot in Minnesota) Lets replace this picture

Damage Larval Feeding TunnelsMinnesota First Detectors 14Boring will often be seen in bark as well as on surface of wood though a very small larva may not leave a trail on both (this was not taken in Minnesota)Agrilus Damage is Found in Many Tree TypesOak

Birch

Aspen

Honey locust

Walnut

Boxelder

Many others

Minnesota First Detectors 15If the damage fits EAB, make sure the material is ash as there are many Agrilus species native to Minnesota attacking a wide variety of other trees

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 16No this is typical of a clearwing borer deeply etched wood, black stainClearwing borers are moths the caterpillars bore a bit in the phloem but then tunnel deeply throughout sap and heart wood

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 17No this is tunneling probably from a flatheaded borer (chyrsobothris) it is hard to distinguish from gallery alone. Note amorphous shape unlike EAB these borers may also tunnel deeply through wood

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 18Yes

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 19No this is ash cambium miner, which makes a weak zig zag, but never a tight S like EAB. Ash cambium miner is a fly, the maggot tunnels in the phloem.

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 20Yes, this has multiple years of galleries visible the darker wood is from a previous year and the wood right over is callous with boring in it

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 21No ash bark beetle brood galleries the adults carve a single tunnel across the grain of the tree and the larvae burrow out at right anglesYou dont see this until a tree is dead as a doornail and then they will eat every square inch

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 22No eab does not tunnel through wood this deeply this size hole is likely from carpenterworm which is a secondary pest of many trees a moth

EAB or Not?

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 23This is a trick question it is tunneling from an agrilus but the wood is box elder = not eAB

Diagnosing Emerald Ash BorerGeneral symptomsCanopy thinningEpicormic sproutingWoodpecker feedingBark cracksNative Ash BorersDamageLarval feeding tunnelsAdult emergence holesLife stagesLarvaeAdultsMinnesota First Detectors 24Damage Adult Emergence Holes

~1/8 inch wideMinnesota First Detectors 25D is characteristic remember that A subcinctus could leave a D, but it would be in small diameter material and less than half the size of EAB emergence hole

Damage Adult Emergence HolesMinnesota First Detectors 26Damage Adult Emergence Holes

Minnesota First Detectors 27If they pupate in wood, EAB will also leave a D in wood

Sometimes other borers will leave a hole that sort of looks like a D but if you scrape bark off you will find it isnt where with EAB it will stay a DEAB or Not?

0 of 30

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 28No ash bark beetle holes can end up in lines like this because larvae are all burrowing in a line from original tunnel carved by adult

EAB or Not?

0 of 30

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 29Yes, though the holes are harder to see the rougher the bark is

EAB or Not?

0 of 30

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 30No this oval hole is from Chrysobothris in this case C sexsignata though it is possible that flatheaded apple tree borer C. femorata or a Dicerca spp. could also attack ash and would be pretty much indistinguishable from C sexsignataHow Many EAB Exit Holes?

0 of 30

012Minnesota First Detectors 31Trick question, this has an eab hole (lower) and a clearwing borer hole (upper)

Dan Hermes

Native Ash Borer Symptoms

Linda Treeful

Jeff HahnJeff HahnFlatheaded borersRoundheaded borersClearwing borersAsh bark beetlesCarpenterworms

Ash cambium minerMinnesota First Detectors 32Native ash borers are also present which will make differently shaped tunnels and exit holesDiagnosing Emerald Ash BorerGeneral symptomsCanopy thinningEpicormic sproutingWoodpecker feedingBark cracksDamageLarval feeding tunnelsAdult emergence holesLife stagesLarvaeAdultsMinnesota First Detectors 33

Life Stages - LarvaeMinnesota First Detectors 34Keys are shape of thorax, flanges on rear abdominal segments and uropygi (pokers) at rear

Can reach one inch in length

Life Stages - LarvaeMinnesota First Detectors 35Most larvae spend winter as pre-pupae curled over in bark or woodNative Borers Found in Ash

Flatheaded borersRoundheaded borersClearwing borersAsh cambium miner

Ash bark beetlesCarpenterwormMinnesota First Detectors 36These are the other pests that have been found in ash in Minnesota (or could be in the case of A subcinctus)

A subcinctus is about half the size of EAB and makes much smaller holes in small diameter twigsEAB or Not?

0 of 30

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 37Nope, note puffier body, and lack of pokers this is a roundheaded borer

EAB or Not?

0 of 30

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 38Nope, carpenter ant larvae

EAB or Not?

0 of 30

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 39Yes

EAB or Not?

0 of 30

YesNotNot SureMinnesota First Detectors 40No chrysobothris or dicerca, body looks close, but thorax is too big, no flanges, no pokers

How Many EAB Larvae?

0123Minnesota First Detectors 41Trick question eab is lower larva and clearwing is upper note dark, caterpillar type head on clearwing

Diagnosing Emerald Ash BorerGeneral symptomsCanopy thinningEpicormic sproutingWoodpecker feedingBark cracksNative Ash BorersDamageLarval feeding tunnelsAdult emergence holesLife stagesLarvaeAdultsMinnesota First Detectors 42Life Stages Adults

Minnesota First Detectors 43Eab is green!

Life Stages AdultsMinnesota First Detectors 44But it has a purplish abdomenLife Stages Adults

Minnesota First Detectors 45Lots of things are green! many of these are things that have been submitted as EABTiger beetle is most commonly mistakenSeveral people mailed in cicadas as EAB during 2008!!!

Which of the following is EAB?

ABCDJ. HahnJ. HahnunknownDan HermesABCDMinnesota First Detectors