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Connecting West Africas [email protected]
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The Sea
The Port
The Land
The Future
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The Sea
The Port
The Land
The Future
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To capture a countrysconnectivity
UNCTAD developed the Liner ShippingConnectivity IndexLSCIusing the following 5 components:
Companies
Services
Largest shipNumber of ships
TEU
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To capture a countrysconnectivity
UNCTAD developed the Liner ShippingConnectivity IndexLSCIusing the following 5 components:
Companies
Services
Largest shipNumber of ships
TEU
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http://stats.unctad.org/lsci
http://stats.unctad.org/lscihttp://stats.unctad.org/lscihttp://stats.unctad.org/lsci7/29/2019 Connecting West Africa's Ports
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http://stats.unctad.org/lsci
http://stats.unctad.org/lscihttp://stats.unctad.org/lscihttp://stats.unctad.org/lsci7/29/2019 Connecting West Africa's Ports
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http://stats.unctad.org/lsci
http://stats.unctad.org/lscihttp://stats.unctad.org/lscihttp://stats.unctad.org/lsci7/29/2019 Connecting West Africa's Ports
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Country Ships TEU LinerCompanies LinerServices MaxShipSize Rank LSCI
Nigeria 172 359264 24 62 4500 57 21.8
Ghana 121 239107 24 50 3681 64 17.9
Cte d'Ivoire 116 219985 17 53 3600 68 16.5
Benin 80 168838 16 30 3681 73 15.0
Senegal 72 102512 13 37 3430 78 13.6
components
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Country Ships TEU LinerCompanies LinerServices MaxShipSize Rank LSCI
Nigeria 172 359264 24 62 4500 57 21.8
Ghana 121 239107 24 50 3681 64 17.9
Cte d'Ivoire 116 219985 17 53 3600 68 16.5
Benin 80 168838 16 30 3681 73 15.0
Senegal 72 102512 13 37 3430 78 13.6
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Country Ships TEU LinerCompanies LinerServices MaxShipSize Rank LSCI
Nigeria 172 359264 24 62 4500 57 21.8
Ghana 121 239107 24 50 3681 64 17.9
Cte d'Ivoire 116 219985 17 53 3600 68 16.5
Benin 80 168838 16 30 3681 73 15.0
Senegal 72 102512 13 37 3430 78 13.6
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Country Ships TEU LinerCompanies LinerServices MaxShipSize Rank LSCI
Nigeria 172 359264 24 62 4500 57 21.8
Ghana 121 239107 24 50 3681 64 17.9
Cte d'Ivoire 116 219985 17 53 3600 68 16.5
Benin 80 168838 16 30 3681 73 15.0
Senegal 72 102512 13 37 3430 78 13.6
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Country Ships TEU LinerCompanies LinerServices MaxShipSize Rank LSCI
Nigeria 172 359264 24 62 4500 57 21.8
Ghana 121 239107 24 50 3681 64 17.9
Cte d'Ivoire 116 219985 17 53 3600 68 16.5
Benin 80 168838 16 30 3681 73 15.0
Senegal 72 102512 13 37 3430 78 13.6
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Country Ships TEU LinerCompanies LinerServices MaxShipSize Rank LSCI
Nigeria 172 359264 24 62 4500 57 21.8
Ghana 121 239107 24 50 3681 64 17.9
Cte d'Ivoire 116 219985 17 53 3600 68 16.5
Benin 80 168838 16 30 3681 73 15.0
Senegal 72 102512 13 37 3430 78 13.6
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Why to we care about a highconnectivity?
More business for my countrys ports
More options and lower freight rates for mycountrys importers and exporters
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What explains my countrysconnectivity?
Geography (position in global networks)
My own trade (supply follows demand)
The quality and services of my own portMy wider hinterland
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What explains my countrysconnectivity?
Geography (position in global networks)
My own trade (supply follows demand)
The quality and services of my own portMy wider hinterland
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The Sea
The Port The Land
The Future
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Container port operators
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Container port operators
(2010)
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Why is port reformmore difficult in Africa?
Possible reasons
Difficult structural change(loss ofjobs in the ports)
Less vocal port users(importers, exporters, consumers)
Perhaps less interest from potential investors(smaller markets, uncertainty)
Less commercial pressure(less inter-port competition)
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Why to we care aboutport reform?
Empirically correlated with
More throughput and higher connectivity
Higher income for governmentsLower freight rates
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Dependent variable:
maritime transport costs per tonne of containerizable cargo
Wilmsmeier, Hoffmann, Sanchez, in: Porteconomics, 2006
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Dependent variable:
maritime transport costs per tonne of containerizable cargo
Better port infrastructure reduces maritime
transport costs
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Dependent variable:
maritime transport costs per tonne of containerizable cargo
Better (perceived)port efficiency reducesmaritime transport costs
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Dependent variable:
maritime transport costs per tonne of containerizable cargo
Port privatization in the exporting countryreduces maritime transport costs
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Dependent variable:
maritime transport costs per tonne of containerizable cargo
Better connectivity between ports/more competition among carriers
reduces maritime transport costs
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Dependent variable:
maritime transport costs per tonne of containerizable cargo
Trade facilitation in the importing countryreduces maritime transport costs
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Dependent variable:
maritime transport costs per tonne of containerizable cargo
Trade facilitation in the importing countryreduces maritime transport costs
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The Sea
The Port
The Land
The Future
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Seaports and transit cargo
The good news:An increasing awareness that transit trade isgood for the transit countries!
It is good for my ownports business.
It is good for my own
importers and exporters,because it helps improveshipping connectivity.
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Facilitating transit tradeand its transport
The good news: The increasing awarenessthat transit trade is good for the transitcountries!
It is good for my own ports business.
It is good for my own countrys importersand exporters, because it helps improve
shipping connectivity.
l d
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Facilitating transit tradeand its transport
The good news: The increasing awarenessthat transit trade is good for the transitcountries!
It is good for my own ports business.
It is good for my own countrys importersand exporters, because it helps improve
shipping connectivity.
l d
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Facilitating transit tradeand its transport
The good news: The increasing awarenessthat transit trade is good for the transitcountries!
It is good for my own ports business.
It is good for my own countrys importersand exporters, because it helps improve
shipping connectivity.
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Seaports and transit cargo
The bad news:Transit cargo stays longer in the port thannational imports and exports
The port is abusedas warehouse
Customs and other
authorities are notsufficiently preparedfor transit trade
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Seaports and transit cargo
Need to involve all stakeholder:
Public and private sector
Users and providersTrade and Finance
= National Trade Facilitation Committee
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The Sea
The Port
The Land
The Future
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The future
The future of today is different
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Where are we heading?
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Liner shipping networks
Seek to benefit fromcompetition andeconomies of scale
Avoid unnecessaryrestrictions
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Port reform
Strengthen theprivate sector
Strengthen thepublic sector
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Inland connections
Infrastructureis important, butalso:
StrengthenCollaboration
Strengthen
Competition
M i t fi t d
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More income to finance tradefacilitation
-> Better trade facilitation
-> More Trade-> More income to finance trade
facilitation
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Lower Transport Costs
-> More trade
-> Economies of scale-> Lower Transport Costs
B tt i
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Better services
-> More trade
-> More income tofinance infrastructure
-> Better services
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Better connectivity
-> More competition
-> Lower freights
-> More trade
-> Better connectivity
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The Sea
The Port
The Land
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Korea and China74.1%
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Greece, Japan:32%
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Panam, Liberia,Marshall Islands:
41%
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Denmark andSwitzerland
23%
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
India,Bangladesh,
China, Pakistan94%
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Services:UK, Scandinavia
4: Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
10. Container terminal operators
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
4: Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Philippines,Indonesia,
Globalized production of
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8. Insurance services (P&I)
9. Seafarers
6. Financing
7. Classification
1.Building
5.Scrapping
2.Owning
3.Registration
4.Operation
Globalized production of"maritime transport"
Hong Kong,Netherlands,
Singapore, UAE:46%