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Africa's Asian involvement China, India and the Indian Ocean economy ASIA-PACIFIC TECHNOLOGY NETWORK 20 th June 2013

Africa's Asian Involvement

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Presentation exploring issues around China and India's trade and investment in Africa. Delivered at Fasken Martineau in London at an Asia Pacific Technology Network seminar in June 2013.. By Jeremy Gordon (China Business Services / Internex Partners), Shakeel Mughal (Tricolom / Internex Partners) and Jeet Jandu (India Trade & Investment).

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Page 1: Africa's Asian Involvement

Africa's Asian involvementChina, India and the Indian Ocean economy

ASIA-PACIFIC TECHNOLOGY NETWORK20th June 2013

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Presentation Agenda

Internex Partners

The Indian Ocean Rim

Africa - China

Africa - India

Summary

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Internex Partners

• Focused on triangulation of business opportunities in and between high growth markets, including the BRICS economies.

• Established by market specialists, with years of experience working with corporate and government clients.

• Access to real & qualified business opportunities and projects.

• Provides business intelligence briefings, strategic advice, and business development support.

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The Indian Ocean Rim

20 Member states of the IOR: - Maritime Safety and Security, Trade and Investment Facilitation, Fisheries Management, Disaster Risk Management, Academic and Science & Technology

Cooperation, and Tourism and Cultural Exchanges

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The Forgotten Continent

Johannesburg, SA

Cairo, Egypt

Nairobi, Kenya

Lagos, Nigeria

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Africa

• Sub-Saharan Africa has 30% of the world’s proven mineral resources, making it a key partner both for the developed world and for theindustrialising economies of China and India.

• Decades of underinvestment have left the continent with an infrastructure

ill-equipped to deal with the burgeoning demand for its exports.

• Generalised perceptions of Africa’s risk profile do not do justice to those countries which have made considerable economic and political progress over the last 15 years.

• For those with the necessary regional knowledge and experience, this mismatch between perceptions and reality affords a real businessopportunity.

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Fastest Growing Economies

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Population Growth

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The African Middle Class

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Infrastructure Backlog

• Satellite view of the African Continent illustrates the extent of the underinvestment in energy infrastructure.

• Estimated infrastructure backlog, and therefore investment opportunities, currently represent in excess of US$120bn over the next 10 years.

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Connectivity

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Abundance of Raw Materials

• 30% of the world’s proven mineral resources.

• Only 12% of land mass had been prospected.

• Asia currently accounts for 32% of Africa’s exports.

• Africa is a key partner for the developed world and for the industrialising of economies of India and China.

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Africa - Oil & Gas

• New finds in the East Africa and Namibia.

• Chinese and Indian companies active in exploration.

• Both China and India major importers of crude oil from Africa.

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Recent Oil and Gas Activity

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Africa’s Top Trading Partners

• China - $109.1 billion

• United States - $90.5 billion

• India - $49.9 billion

• Germany - $31.7 billion

• France - $30.5 billion

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Africa and the IOR

• Africa has a diverse levels of political stability and sovereign risk.

• Apart from China and India; Malaysia and Australia have active interests in Africa.

• A strong Malaysian community exists in South Africa dating back to the late 19th century.

• Malaysian interests have been sporadic; peaked under the Mahathir government.

• Australia is also helping to strengthen rule of law and justice systems in Africa, by providing capacity building training and international legal assistance.

• Australian companies active participants in the resources and agricultural sectors.

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India and China in Africa

• China’s exports to Africa grew by 48% annually between 1994 and 2010, compared to 14% for India.

• India’s Africa policy shows significant differences with China’s scramble for Africa.

• India-African trade pattern appears to be more diversified.

• The ‘softer Indian way’ in Africa is India’s unique pathway to power.

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China – Jeremy Gordon

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Africa - China

• China started taking an interest in Africa during the second half of the 20th century.

• They initially supported newly independent countries who wished to follow Chinese socialist ideology with friendship deals.

• China is a pragmatic partner, working with a variety of governments, and focusing on commercial rather than political issues.

• Most Chinese investment in Africa are still state sponsored.

• The Chinese private sector is becoming increasingly active in Africa.

• China has become an active investor in the resources sector to support domestic demand, but also looks to infrastructure, markets, manufacturing and agriculture.

• Chinese funds are also targeting and supporting Chinese opportunities in Africa.

• Chinese tourism in Africa is rising

• There are significant challenges for China in Africa in terms of perceptions and operations

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China’s Drivers

• China is going out…– Policy drivers for strategic reasons

• Resources, supply chain security, new markets

• Trends & Transitions– New government

– Global role

– Slower growth

– Higher costs

– Economic reform & the private sector

– Urbanisation

– Domestic consumption vs trade & fixed asset investment

– Overseas Direct Investment & Going Global

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ODI. Up, Up & Away

• “Going Global”

– Since 2000

– ODI vs FDI

• Targeting

– Resources

– Strategic Assets

– Tech

• Brands

– Markets

Source: IMF, End 2011

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China’s ODI

China's overseas investment

Region TotalLargest recipient of

investment

SOURCE: IMF STOCK OF OVERSEAS DIRECT INVESTMENT (END 2011)

Asia $303.4bn Hong Kong ($262bn)

Latin America $55.2bn Cayman Islands ($21.7bn)

Europe $24.5bn Russia ($3.8bn)

Africa $16.2bn South Africa ($4.1bn)

North America $13.5bn US ($9bn)

Oceania $12bn Australia ($11bn)

• Where?

– Developed & Developing Markets

• Differing drivers

• How Much?• Unreliable numbers

• How?

– Official

– Unofficial

• Hard to measure…

Source: IMF, End 2011

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A Numbers Game

• ODI+

– US$260bn committed?

• US$75bn invested?

– Including official and unofficial

• ODI

• Grants/Aid

• Loans

• Private export credits

• NGOs

• Portfolio investments etc.

Source: FT; AidData

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Trade. New Horizons

• Broken trade-driven growth model

– US/EU slow-down

– Rising costs

• New resources– Strategic supplies

• New markets

– Less competition

– Price sensitive

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Sino – African Trade

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China’s Mixed Offer

• Development Finance

– Cheap money, no strings

• Infrastructure +

– Fund & build

– Resource access + local needs at low costs

• E.g. US$6bn committed to Sierra Leone for development of road, rail, port, logistics, industrial park…and mining

• China gets markets and supply chain Infrastructure

• Labour– Cheap but controversial

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China’s Challenges

• Lack of transparency

• Political risk

• Expectations vs delivery

– Cost overruns, quality issues

• Business and politics don’t mix well

– Different drivers, stakeholders

– Bribery and corruption risk

• Employment / integration

– Conflict risk

• Management, culture & communications

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Problems & Prospects

• Problems in the news– Gabon: Oil, iron ore legal disputes

– Ghana: Illegal gold mining arrests

– Zambia: Coal mining licenses revoked

– Zimbabwe: Controversial diamond mining

• Prospects too– Resource & infrastructure development

– Special economic zone development

– Trade as well as investment

– Increased private sector role

• Critical issues– Political sensitivity, project due diligence, delivery support

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India – Jeet Jandu

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Africa - India

• India has links with Africa dating back to early 19th century.

• Late 19th century, the British brought in skilled and unskilled labour from India to build infrastructure and develop agriculture.

• Indian traders followed into Africa and over several generations have embedded themselves into local economies. Introduced the concept of “Duka”.

• The Indian diaspora in Africa are skilled at building businesses and participating in local economies.

• The Indian diaspora and the local Africans have at times had difficult relations.

• Indian companies see Africa as a continent for tapping into mineral resources in-order to feed the growing Indian economy.

• Indian government has not made significant state sponsored investments in Africa.

• India and China have only become competitors in Africa in the last 10 years.

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India – Trade and Investments

• Current levels of trade around $50Bn a year.

• Lead by the Indian Private sector. Africa is a new investment destination for the increasing global profile of India’s multinational corporates.

• Total Indian investment in Africa is upwards of US$ 33 bn.

• Africa recorded 26 new manufacturing projects from Indian companies in 2011, a rise of 44% from 2010.

• Between 2003-2009, 70 Indian companies invested in greenfield projects in Africa, totaling US$ 25 billion; this represents close to 5 percent of total greenfield FDI projects in Africa (African Development Bank).

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India’s Exports to Africa

LDC* vs. NON-LDC

Total Exports to Africa

$ 24.7 bn

To LDCs$ 7.2 bn (29.1%)

To non-LDCs$ 17.5 bn (70.9%)

KEY PLAYERS

2011-2012 USD bn% Share in Africa

SOUTH AFRICA 4.7 19.2

NIGERIA 2.7 10.9

EGYPT 2.4 9.8

KENYA 2.3 9.2

TANZANIA ^ 1.6 6.5

TOTAL 13.7 55.6

*Least Developed Countries

Source: Commerce Ministry, India ^LDC

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India’s Imports from Africa

LDC vs. NON-LDC

Total Imports from Africa

$ 43.2 bn

From LDCs$ 9.4 bn (21.8%)

From non-LDCs$ 33.8 bn (78.2%)

KEY PLAYERS

2011-2012 USD bn% Share in Africa

NIGERIA 14.7 34.0

SOUTH AFRICA 9.9 23.1

ANGOLA* 6.6 15.3

EGYPT A RP 3.0 7.0

ALGERIA 2.2 5.0

TOTAL 36.5 84.4

Source: Commerce Ministry, India *LDC

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Investment determinants

• Indian conglomerates like the Tatas, Kirolaskars, pharmaceutical firms like Cipla and automobile companies like Mahindra have undertaken profitable projects in Africa.

• The Tata Group has invested about US$ 300 million till 2012, and plans to triple that amount over the next 3-4 years.

• These investments are in the resources, manufacturing, telecoms and energy sectors.

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Other Government initiatives

• The Indian government is also financing an "e-network" project to enhance Internet connectivity in Africa, linking 5 regional universities, 5 specialty hospitals, 53 regular hospitals and 53 educational institutions across Africa to Indian universities and hospitals, via a satellite and fibre optic network.

• India recently announced a $5Bn loan package for Africa.

• An additional US $700 million to establish new institutions and training programs, in consultation with the African Union and its institutions.

• India’s capacity-building programme for African countries. Under ITEC (Indian Technical and Economic Co-operation) India has provided more than US $ 1 billion worth of technical assistance & training to African countries.

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Summary

• The next major growth area in the world.

• Major opportunities but understand and manage risks.

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Thank You