:
51 4102
1
1 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
1.2.2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.2.2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.2.2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
4.2.2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 01
3 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.3 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1.4 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
2.4 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3.4 , : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
1.5 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
6 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.6 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
2.6 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
7 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
1.7 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
8 )tneruaL(: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
9 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
1.9 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03
2.9 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
01 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
1.01 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2.01 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.01 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
4.01 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
1.4.01 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 04
5.01 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
11 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
21 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
31 : . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
41 )meroehT gnippaM nnamieR( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
51 ) ...( . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
2
1 :
1 :
z.fed
1.1 : C z = ib +a z ib a = 2.1
C v ,z :1. ib +a = z 2b + 2a = z z ) " (.
2. R )z + z(.3. z = )z(.
4. v + z = v + z.
5. v z = v z.(zv
)z =
v6. 0 =6 v
7. 0 =6 z 1z = 1z.
3.1 :
C z = ib +a :1. z zR = )z( eR = a.
2. z zI = )z( mI = b.
4.1 zIi + zR = z :
z + z = zR = zR2 = )zIi zR( + )zIi + zR( = z + z2
z z = zI = zI i2 = )zIi zR( )zIi + zR( = z zi2
5.1 :
C z z z = 2|z| 2b + 2a = z z = |z|, " z.
6.1 :
C v ,z :1. |v| |z| = |v z|.
.z v
2. 0 =6 v |v||z| = 3. |z| = |z|.
4. |z| |zR| |z| |zI|.5. |v| +|z| |v + z| ||v| |z||.
2 = 2|v z| + 2|v + z|(2|v| + 2|z|
)6.
3
1 :
7.1 :
C z = iy +x z )y ,x( ] ,[ soc |z| = a nis |z| = b :
)( si |z| =: )nisi +soc( |z| = z
z " :
=
natra
(yx
)0 > x
natra
(yx
)0 y , 0 < x +
natra
(yx
)0 < y , 0 < x +
pi0 > y , 0 = x 2
0 < y , 0 = x 2pi0 = y , 0 = x etanimretednI
8.1 :
C z z zgrA z ] ,(. z }Z k | k2 + zgrA{ = zgra 0 = k .
9.1 :
: )( si = )( si : :
)2 + 1( si |2z1z| = )2( si |2z| )1( si |1z| = 2z 1z
N n :
))n( si( n|z| = n))( si |z|( = nz
01.1 :
R nis i +soc = ie. ie ie = )+(ie " = nz.
ie |z| = )( si |z| = z. nie n|z| = n)ie |z|(
11.1 :
n 1 = nz N n. n n 0=k1n}k{. :
e = kk pi2i
si = n
(k2
n
)1 n k 0 :
4
2 :
2 :
1.2 :
1.2 :
C E C E : f )z( vi +)z( u = )z( f f ))z( f( R = )z( u f ))z( f( I = )z( v.
2.2 v ,u R 2R :
: v ,u{R }E z = yi +x| 2R )y ,x(
3.2 :
mil = a 0 > 0 > 0zz
C E C E : f E 0z )z( f E z < |0z z| < |a )z( f|.
4.2 :
mil 0 > 0 > R z
1. C C : f C c = )z( f)R ,0( B\C z < |c )z( f|.
mil 0 > M 0 > R )R ,0( B\C zz
2. C C : f = )z( f M > |)z( f| )M,0( B\C )z( f.
mil 0 > M 0 > ) ,0z( B z0zz
3. C C : f = )z( f M > |)z( f| )M,0( B\C )z( f.
5.2 :
mil = 0zz
mil = a " )z( u0zz
C E C E : f E 0z )z( fmil = i + = a.
0zz)z( v
6.2 :
mil = )0z( f.0zz Ez
C E C E : f E 0z )z( f
7.2 ) (:
C E C E : f E 0z " )z( u , )z( v )0y ,0x( .
5
2 : 2.2 :
2.2 :
1.2.2 :
8.2 o: C C : f )0z z( o :
mil0zz
0z z)z( f 0 =
C }0z{ \ )r ,z( B : 0 0zz )z( )0z z( )z( = )z( f.
9.2 R C: R )z ,0z( B : u 0yi + 0x = 0z R B,A :
)0z z( o + )0y y( B+ )0x x( A+ )0z( u = )z( u
u :
u = A
u = B , )0z( x
)0z( y
01.2 C C: C )r ,0z( B : f 0z 0z
R 2R.
11.2 :
C )r ,0z( B : f f 0z :
mil0zz
)0z( f )z( ff = 0z z
C )0z(
f :
C )0z(
f + )0z( f = )z( f
)0z z( o + )0z z( )0z(
2.2.2 :
: C C : f, )z( vi + )z( u = )z( f 0yi + 0x = 0z 0y 0yi +x = z 0x x 0x x = 0z z :
)0z( f )z( f= 0z z
))0y ,0x( vi )0y ,0x( u( ))0y ,x( vi + )0y ,x( u(0x x
=))0y ,0x( u )0y ,x( u(
0x x))0y ,0x( v )0y ,x( v( i
0x xf :
)0z(
f
mil = )0z(0zz
)0z( f )z( f= 0z z
u
xi + )0z(
v
x)0z(
6
2 :2.2 :
0x yi + 0x = z 0y y )0y y( i = 0z z :)0z( f )z( f
= 0z z))0y ,0x( v )y ,0x( v( i ))0y ,0x( u )y ,0x( u(
)0y y( i=
)y ,0x( v )y ,0x( vi 0y y
)0y ,0x( u )y ,0x( u0y y
21.2 :
f 0z :
)0z(
f
= )0z(u
xi + )0z(
v
x= )0z(
v
yui )0z(
y)0z(
f :
u
x=
v
y,
u
yv =
x
fi :x
f =y
if
xi =
(u
xi +
v
x
)i =
u
xv x
R.Ci =
v
y+u
y=
u
yi +
v
y=
f
y
f.
f =x
1 =if y
fi =y
31.2 :
C )r ,0z( B : f C 0z " ))z( f( R = )z( u ))z( f( I = )z( v 0z 0z.
41.2 :
R : f 0z : 2R 2
ted = )0z( fJ(
ux
)0z(uy
)0z(vx
)0z(vy
)0z(
)ted =
(u
u )0z( x
)0z( y
v
v )0z( x
)0z( y
)
f :
)0z(
ted = )0z( fJ(u
u )0z( x
)0z( y
v
v )0z( x
)0z( y
)ted =
(u
v )0z( x
)0z( x
u
u )0z( x
)0z( x
)
=(u
)0z( x2)
+(v
)0z( x2)
=0 2)0z( f = 2)0z( xvi + )0z( xu
C )r ,0z( B : f 0 < )0z( fJ 0z f 0z.
51.2 : R 2R : f = f .
f22x
+f22y
61.2 )(:
7
2 :2.2 :
C C : f fR fI .
3.2.2 :
R 2R : f y ,x )s ,t( x = x )s ,t( y = y ) y ,x s ,t( 2R :
(ftfs
)=
(xt
xs
yt
ys
)(
fxfy
)
. :
:
(xr
xr
y
y
)=
( nis soc
soc r nis r)
: soc r = x nis r = y
f
r=
u
ri +
v
r=
1
r
(v
ui
)=
1
ri
(iv
+u
)=
1
ri
f
:
(xz
yz
xz
yz
)=
(12
1i2
1i21 2
)= x i2zz = y
z+z : 2
f
z=
1
2
(u
xv y
)+
i
2
(v
x+u
y
)
f .z
C C : f " 0 =
71.2 z z: C C : f :
f
z=
1
2
(u
x+v
y
)+
i
2
(v
xu y
)f
z=
1
2
(u
xv y
)+
i
2
(v
x+u
y
)
( :f
z+f
z
)=
u
xi +
v
x=
f
x
i
(f
zf
z
)=
v
xi +
v
y=
f
y
:
x=
(
z+
z
),
yi =
(f
zf
z
)
f.z
f =x
f =
f z
f 0 =z
f =
f "z
" 0 =
8
2 :2.2 :
81.2 )(:
C C : f ) v ,u ( 0z z :
= )z( f)0z( f
z)0z( f + )0z z(
z)|0z z|( o + 0z z
4.2.2 :
91.2 ) 2(:
g ,f 0z C , g + f, g f gf ) 0 =6 )0z( g( 0z :
)g + f(
f = )0z(
g + )0z(
)0z(
f = )0z( )g f(
g + )0z( g )0z(
()0z( f )0z(f
g
)= )0z(
g )0z( f
)0z( f )0z( g )0z()0z( 2g
02.2 :
C )r ,0z( B : f C ) ,0( B : g )0z( f = 0 f 0z g 0 ))z( f( g = )z( )f g( 0z, 0z :
g = )0z( )f g(
f ))0z( f(
)0z(
9
2 :3.2 :
3.2 :
12.2 )oitnuF ihpromoloH(:
C , C : f f z.
22.2 :
C yi +x = z )y nis i + y soc( xe = ze.
32.2 ) 2(:
1. C z 0 =6 ze.2. C z ze = ze.
3. C z Z k ze = kpi2+ze.4. C =6 0 = ze .
5. C 2z ,1z 2ze 1ze = 2z+1ze.
42.2 :
C z :1. i2ziezie = )z( nis }Z k | k{ )z( soc.
2. 2zie+zie = )z( soc }Z k | k + 2pi{ )z( nis .= )z( nat . 1+)z2(soc2 = )z( 2ces.
)z(nis3. )z(soc
4. )z(nis)z(soc = )z( toc . 1)z2(soc2 = )z( 2s
5. 2zeze = )z( hnis }Z k | ki{. )z( hsoc.
)z( hnis.({
pik + 2
)6. 2ze+ze = )z( hsoc }Z k | i
1 .)z(2hsoc
=(
2ze+ze
2)7. )z(hsoc)z(hnis = )z( hnat .
.(
2zeze
2)8. )z(hnis)z(hsoc = )z( htoc .
52.2 ) 2(:
C C : f 0 = )z( f z f .
62.2 ) 2(:
C )r ,0z( B : f 0z )z( f )r ,0z( B 0z .
01
3 :
3 :
1.3 : R ]b ,a[ C ]b ,a[ : C )t( yi + )t( x = )t( . )t( " " )t( y , )t( x .
2.3 :
C ]1b ,1a[ 1, C ]2b ,2a[ : 2 ]2b ,2a[ ]1b ,1a[ : h :1. 2a = )1a( h 2b = )1b( h .
2. H , " .
3. ]1b ,1a[ t )t( 1 = ))t( h( 2.
3.3 :
C ]b ,a[ : C ]b ,a[ : " )t b +a( = )t( .
4.3 :
C ]b ,a[ : : .
x = )t(
yi + )t(
1. ]b ,a[ t )t(2. b = nt < ... < 1t < 0t = a
]1+it ,it[ .
5.3 :
C ]b ,a[ : )( :
pus = )(
{1n0=i
}b = nt < ... < 1t < 0t = a{ = T| |)it( )1+it( |} M M |)z( f| z )( M zd )z( f
31
4 :1.4 :
4.4 :
zd)z( f
xam)( zd |)z( f|z
|)z( f|
" ":
xam = |)z( f| : z z
|)z( f|
" ":
tsno = )z( fgra : z
" f . " f f
.
5.4 :
C ]b ,a[ : C : f :
= zd)z( f
b
a
))t( ( f
td )t(
6.4 :
F
C C : f . C : F F )z( f = )z( z ) F f(. ]b ,a[ : , :
))a( ( F ))b( ( F = zd )z( f
7.4 .
8.4 " :
C ]b ,a[ : . C : nf " :
N n. zd)z( f
C : f zd)z( nf
miln
= zd)z( nf
zd)z( f
9.4 5:
41
4 :2.4 :
}h )z( I 0 | C z{ =: P. C P : f P
P
}h < )z( I < 0 | C z{ =:
0 > 0 > M P z M |)z( R| < |)z( f|
.
. xd )hi +x( f
xd )x( f
2.4 :
01.4 :
C ]1 ,0[ : / 0z 0z :
= )0z ,( dni1
i2
1
zd 0z z
11.4 0z. .
21.4 2 ,1 2 1 )2 1( mI / 0z :
)0z ,2( dni + )0z ,1( dni = )0z ,( dni
31.4 :
C ]1 ,0[ : / 0z Z )0z ,( dni.
:
)( mI\C . B,A A B )A( dni + 1 = )B( dni A B 1+)B( dni = )A( dni. ) 09 (.
41.4 :
C , ]b ,a[ : C : f . }b = nt < ... < 0t = a{ = T ]b ,a[ C ]b ,a[ : T ]1+jt, jt[| T )jt( = jz
)1+jt( = 1+jz. 0 > 0 > T < ) T( :
zd)z( f
T
zd)z( f
51.4 T| 0 > .
51
4 :3.4 , :
61.4 :
.
0zz1 ipi21 = )z( f 0z =6 z. C ]1 ,0[ : / 0z C ]1 ,0[ : n ) ( :
= |)0z ,n( dni )0z ,( dni|
1
i21 zd 0z z
n
f1
i21 zd0z z
0 n n1 < )0z ,( dni n )0z ,n( dni =
n Z )0z ,n( dni N n Z )0z ,( dni .
3.4 , :
71.4 meroehT largetnI yhuaC tasruoG-yhuaC.
C,B,A . C ]3 ,0[ : C,B,A ]B,A[ = ]1,0[|, ]C,B[ = ]2,1[| ]A,C[ = ]3,2[|.
]A,C,B,A[ = ". 81.4 :
.
f = 0 = zd )z( f
91.4 : C E , f E D D C f D.
02.4 :
:
1. : D,C,B,A )DCA( )CBA( = . f :
0 = zd)z( f
2. : f )R ,0z( B :
)R,0z(S
0 = zd)z( f
61
4 :3.4 , :
12.4 ) (:
f )R ,0z( B )R ,0z( B a :
= )a( f1
i2
)R,0z(S
)z( f
zda z
)R ,0z( S .
22.4 C C : f. )r ,0z( B )r ,0z( B a :
= )a( f1
i2
)r,0z(S
)z( f
zda z
71
5 :
5 :
1.5 :
. :
0=n
C 0=n}nz{ nz
= NS .
1N0=n
1. nz
= NS .1N0=n
2. |nz|
nz. 2.5 0 n
3.5 :
" 0 > N 0n 0n n > m :0=n
nz
= |)z( nS )z( mS|1mn=k
kz
<
.
1mn=k
kz
1mn=k
4.5 |nz|
5.5 :
0=n})z( nu{ C E, :
. "
0=n
E 0z )0z( nu0=n
1. )z( nu
E.
0=n
E 0z )z( nu
. "
0=n
E 0z |)0z( nu|0=n
2. )z( nu
E.
0=n
E 0z |)z( nu|
= )z( nS )1 n( " E1n0=k
" E )z( ku
0=n
3. )z( nu
)z( f. 0 > N 0n 0n n < |)z( f )z( nS| E z.
81
5 :1.5 :
6.5 ":
0=n})z( nu{ C E. R 0=n}na{ N 0n 0n n " E.
0=n
)z( nu
0=n
E z na |)z( nu|. na
7.5 " :
0=n})z( nu{ C E, :
" E E.
0=n
1. nu n )z( nu
" :
0=n
2. nu n E )z( nu
0=n
= zd)z( nu
0=n
zd )z( nu
1.5 :
8.5 :
C na n.0=n
C 0z 0z n)0z z( na
9.5 n)0z z( na = )z( nu C n.
01.5 )lebA( :
0z 0 > r 0=n}nrna{ . r < 0 0=n
n)0z z( na
" ) ,0z( B.
11.5 :
+ R 0 " ) ,0z( B 0=n
n)0z z( na
R < )R ,0z( B / z. )z( S )R ,0z( B.
21.5 R }dednuob si 0=n}nrna{ | 0 r{ pus = R.
31.5 :
1. " .
2. " )R ,0z( B )R ,0z( B " )R ,0z( B )R ,0z( B.
91
5 :1.5 :
41.5 :
= R.
(pus miln
|na|1n
1)
0=n
n)0z z( na
51.5 :
.
0=n
" 1n)0z z( nan0=n
n)0z z( na
61.5 :
C , C : f , 0z K K 0z. C : F K K w 0z :
= )0z( F )w( F
zd)z( f
F f K.
71.5 :
C C : ku . K . : K 0z .
1. )0z( ku 0=k
= )z( f " K.
u 0=k
2. )z( k
F.
" K )z( F )z( f = )z(
)z( ku 0=k
81.5 .
91.5 :
=: )z( F 0 > R. )R ,0z( B
0=n n)0z z( nc
F.
=: )z( f " )z( f = )z(
1=n1n)0z z( ncn
02.5 " )z( F )z( f )R ,0z( B F.
. )z( f = )z(
02
6 :
6 :
1.6 :
C , C : f 0z )r ,0z( B )r ,0z( B z :
0=n
)z( f = n)0z z( na
2.6 :
.
C )r ,0z( B C )r ,0z( B : g )r ,0z( B 0 = d )( g
g )r ,0z( B )r ,0z( B z :
= )z( G
]z,0z[
d )( g
3.6 " :
C , C : f " .
4.6 :
f 0z, R < r < 0 :
= na1
i2
)r,0z(S
)z( f
1+n)0z z(zd
R R < r < 0 " 0z f ) 0z (. , R R < r
r .
5.6 )r ,0z( S , , 0z.
6.6 :
= )z( f )r ,0z( B. f :
0=n
n)0z z( na
= )z( )m( f
m=n
mn)0z z( na )1 +mn( )1 n( n
12
6 :
7.6 f )r ,0z( B r < < 0 :
= ma)0z( )m( f
!m=
1
i2
),0z(S
)z( f
1+m)0z z(zd
) ( f 0z:
= )0z( )n( f!n
i2
),0z(S
)z( f
1+n)0z z(zd
) ,0z( S , , 0z.
8.6 :
C C : f f .
9.6 :
C C : f , 0z z :
= )z( f
0=n
)0z( )n( f
!nn)0z z(
.
01.6 :
C : f C : F f. F f .
11.6 :
C , C : f )r ,0z( B. C )r ,0z( B : F F, F f .
)r ,0z( B z )z( f = )z(
21.6 areroM:
C C : f . 0z 0zB 0z . f .
0zB 0 = zd )z( f
31.6 " :
C C : nf " K f " )k( f
)k(C : f. f . k C : n
.
22
6 : 1.6 :
1.6 :
41.6 :
C ]b ,a[ : C , C : f :1. f ) ,z(.
2. C : ) ,z( f .= )z( F F :
d) ,z( f
F
= )z(
f
zd) ,z(
51.6 :
)( = ) ,z( f , " C / z z
:
= )z(
)(
d z
z .
61.6 :
C C : f . 1=n}nz{ a N n 0 = )nz( f. 0 = )z( f z.
71.6 A f A f .
81.6
C : g ,f C nz )nz( g = )nz( f n g f .
91.6 :
C C : nf ,... ,1f 0 nf 1f . j 0 jf . 02.6 nf 1f .
: nz 0z , 0 = )nz( nf 1f n. j 0 = )nz( jf n, j 0 = )0( jf 0 = )nz( nf 1f n. N 0n j 0n n 0 = )nz( jf 1=n}n+0nz{
0z 0 = )nz( jf n 0 jf .
12.6 8:
C )1 ,0( B : f )z( f = )z( f f 0 .
: )z( f = )z( f. R )1 ,0( B z =: A. A z z = z )z( f = )z( f f A )0( f . n
32
6 :2.6 :
)0( )n( f . A z, f A :
f
mil = )z(n
f(1 + z
n
)z( f )1n
mil =n
f(1 + z
n
)z( f )1n
mil =n
(f(1 + z
n
)z( f )1n
))z( f =
f .
f A )0(
N n )n( f A )0( )n( f n, .
22.6 :
C C : f R )x( f R x )z( f = )z( f z.
: R x )x( f = )x( f = )x( f ) x = x( )z( f )z( f . , .
2.6 :
32.6 :
C C : f C.
42.6 ellivuoiL:
C C : f f .
52.6 :
1. f z f ) 3(
2. f 2z ,1z |2z| = |1z| )2z( f = )1z( f. f ) 3(.3. f 2z ,1z )2z( gra = )1z( gra )2z( f = )1z( f. f ) 3(.
4. f |)z( f| . f ) 3(.5. f 0 > R R > |z| |ze| C |)z( f| C c zec = f.
6. f ) ( f ) 7(.
7. f )i + z( f = )1 + z( f = )z( f. f ) 7(.
8. f |z| b +a < |)z( f| C z 0 > . f )(.
62.6 :
f 0 )m( f f 1 m.
72.6 ) 7(:
mil .z
C C : f . )z( f
42
7 :
7 :
1.7 :
C I : 1 ,0 , 1 ,0 I I : :1. ) I I(.
2. I t )t( 0 = )t ,0( I t )t( 1 = )t ,1( . " Is}s{ )t ,s( = )t( s.
2.7 :
C I : 1 ,0 ))0( 1 = )0( 0 )1( 1 = )1( 0(. 0 1 I I : I s
0z = )0 ,s( 1z = )1 ,s( .
3.7 :
C , C : f I : 1 ,0 :
0
= zd)z( f
1
zd)z( f
1.7 :
4.7 :
2R . 5.7 .
6.7 :
.
f 0 = zd)z( f
7.7 :
f f .
8.7 : f . :
0 = zd )z( f
=: )z( F
]z,0z[
ud )u( f
f ) F(.
. " :
1. f f f .
2. f f f .
3. f f .
52
7 :1.7 :
9.7 a a :
= )a ,( dni1
i2
zd
Z a z
01.7 :
f . \ 0z :
1 = )0z ,( dni )0z( fi2
)z( f
zd 0z z
0 n :
!n = )0z ,( dni )0z( )n( fi2
)z( f
1+n)0z z(zd
62
8 )tneruaL(:
8 )tneruaL(:
1.8 :
C 0z C Zn}na{ :
= )z( L
=n
n)0z z( na
:
= )z( +L0=n
.... + )0z z( 1a + 0a = n)0z z( na
= )z( L1
=n
1a = n)0z z( na+ 0z z
2a
2)0z z(.. +
L z +L L z :
)z( L + )z( +L = )z( L
L L )traP lalpinirP(.
2.8 :
= R r 1r
L +R +L.
=: )(
1=n
na= n
1=k
kak
+R < R 0 L " :
}+R < |0z z| < R | C z{ = )+R ,R ,0z( A
+L L " . L z :
}+R |0z z| R| C z{ = A / z
:
pus mil = Rn
|na|1= +R , n
(pus miln
|na|1n
1)
3.8 .
72
8 )tneruaL(:
4.8 :
L C 0z. L )+R ,R ,0z( A. +R < r < R :
= na1
i2
)r,0z(S
)z( L1+n)0z z(
Z n zd
, , 0z.
5.8 :
2R < 1R 0 )2R ,1R ,0z( A =: A. f A A a :
= )a( f1
i2
)2R,0z(S
)z( f
zda z1
i2
)1R,0z(S
)z( f
zda z
6.8 :
2R < 1R 0 f )2R ,1R ,0z( A =: A f . 7.8 2R < 2r < 1r < 1R )2r ,1r ,0z( A a:
1 = )a( +Li2
)2r,0z(S
)z( f
zda z
1 = )a( Li2
)1r,0z(S
)z( f
zda z
8.8 :
f )2R ,1R ,0z( A L 0z 2R < r < 1R :
1 = na : Z ni2
)r,0z(S
)z( f
1+n)0z z(zd
.
9.8 )r ,0z( S , A.
01.8 :
f )r ,0 ,a( A = }a{ \ )r ,a( B = )r ,a( B )r ,a( B z f r < < 0 .
= )z( L 1
11.8 n)a z( na =n 0 = R .
1R
82
9 :
9 :
1.9 :
f )r ,0z( B . 0z f 1 m 0 = )0z( )k( ff. f 0z = )z( f
1 m k 0 0 =6 )0z( )m(.)0z()m(f
0 =6 !m
m=n)0z()n(f
n)0z z( !n
2.9 :
1. 0z m )r ,0z( B )z( m)0z z( = )z( f = )z( .
m=n
)0z()m(f0 =6 ma = )0z( . " mn)0z z( !m
2. 0 f )r ,0z( B.3. f , 0 > 0 =6 )z( f }0z{ \ ) ,0z( B z
0z n nz 0z =6 nz 0 = )nz( f n 0 f.
3.9 f C 0z f 0z :
= )z( )0z,f(G
1=n
n)0z z( na
}0z{ \C.
4.9 :
C 0z f 0 > r f =: )r ,0z( B= )z( f B :
}0z{ \ )r ,0z( B. " f n)0z z( na =n
1. 0z )elbavomeR( 0 = na 0 < n ) f B(.
2. 0z 0 > m 0 =6 ma 0 = na m < n ) f (.3. 0z )laitnessE( ) (
5.9 , f .
6.9 :
C 0z f, :1. 0z f.
2. C )r ,0z( B : f )z( f = )z( f )r ,0z( B z.B ) 0z f (.
(,0z
r2
)3. f
xam = )( M.),0z(Bz
fni mil |)z( f|0
4. 0 = )( M
92
9 :1.9 :
7.9 )(:
mil " C c.0zz
0z f 0z " )z( f
8.9 m:
C 0z f, :1. 0z 1 m f.
2. g )r ,0z( B 0 =6 )0z( g m)0zz()z(g = )z( f )r ,0z( B z.
3. 0 > )z(f1 }0z{ \ ) ,0z( B ) ,0z( B m 0z.
mil ,0.0zz
4. )z( f m)0z z(
9.9 )(:
C 0z f 0z f C. C )nz( f.
0z n nz n
01.9 ) 9(:
mil .0zz
0z f 0z f " = |)z( f|
11.9 )(:
xam = )f( M. 0z =|0zz|
C 0z f 0z. }|)z( f|{f " N m :
pus mil
= )f( Mm
1.9 :
21.9 ' ) (:
mil .0zz
)z(f= )z(g
f
)z(
g)z(
g ,f C 0z 0 = )0z( g = )0z( f
31.9 '
.
41.9 )(:
fg
g ,f f 0z, 0 =6 )0z( f g 0z. \ m\ 0z " g1 \ m\ 0z.
03
9 :2.9 :
51.9 ) (:
h ,g 0z h m 0z, :
= f m 0z.gh
1. 0 =6 )0z( g 2. 0 = )0z( g 0z n g m < n hg = f n m 0z m n
0z f.
61.9 )(:
g ,f 0z m f n g 0z m+n gf.
= f n)0zz(2h = g. 1h
)0zz(: 2h ,1h 0z 0z m
= gf 2h1h 0z 0z 0z m+n gf.2h1h
)0zz( m+n
2.9 :
71.9 :
f 0 > R f }R > |z| | C z{. B , f
(1 ,0
R
1 ( f = )z( g }0{ \ )z
)
f .(1z
)
81.9 ) (:
f :
1. " f .
2. m " f m.
91.9 ) (:
f , f " m " f m " f .
mil :z
02.9 )z( f
1. " f " f .
f (1z
)mil 0 = z
0zf(1z
)2. " f =
f " f .
mil .z
" 72.6 f , )z( f
13
01 :
01 :
1.01 ':
C ]b ,a[ : ' ) )2t( = )1t( " a = 1t b = 2t(.
2.01 ' ) (:
C ' = \C C , C = = . , z ) ( 1 = )z ,( dnI z 0 = )z ,( dni.
3.01 1 = )z ,( dni .
4.01 :
= )z( f f )r ,0z( B.
f )r ,0z( B n)0z z( na =nseR.0z=z
f 0z 1a = f
5.01 :
1. 0z f 0z f ) 1a(. 0z f f
0z f 0z .
2. 0 = 1a ) n)0z z( }1{ \Z n( f " )
(.
6.01 0z r < < 0 Z n :
= na1
i2
),0z(S
)z( f
1+n)0z z(zd
:
seR
0z=z= f
1
i2
),0z(S
zd )z( f
23
01 :1.01 :
1.01 :
7.01 ) (:
1. g ,f 0z C b ,a :
seR
0z=zseRa = )gb + fa(
0z=zseRb + f
0z=zg
2. 0z 1 m f m)0zz()z(g = )z( f :
seR
0z=z= f
1
g!)1 m(= )0z( )1m(
1
0zzmil !)1 m(1md
1mzd])z( f m)0z z([
:
seR
0z=zmil = f
0zz)0z( g = )z( f )0z z(
= )z( f g 0z :)z(g
)0zz(3. m
seR
0z=z= f
1
g!)1 m()0z( )1m(
h :
4. h ,g 0z 0 = )0z( h 0 =6 )0z(
seR
0z=z
g (h
)=
)0z( g
)0z( h
8.01 ) (:
C C : ,f 0z 1 f 0z :
seR
0z=zseR )0z( = ) f(
0z=zf
9.01 .
01.01 ) 11(:
g 0z g :
seR
=z
)z( g
)0z( R = 0z z
R g .
33
01 : 2.01 :
2.01 :
11.01 f 0z f 0z :
= )z( )0z,f(G
1=n
n)0z z( na
}0z{ \C. 21.01 )meroehT eudiseR(:
C f mz ,... ,2z ,1z. mz ,... ,1z :
i2 = zd)z( f
m1=k
seR )kz ,( dnikz=z
f
' mz ,... ,1z 1 = )iz ,( dnI i :
i2 = zd)z( f
m1=k
seR
kz=zf
31.01 : C ) ( \ A . f A\ :
i2 = zd )z( fAz
seR)z ,( dnizf
/ z 0 = )z ,( dni :
i2 = zdf
Az
seR)z ,( dnizf
41.01 ) 11(:
)z(p = )z( f . )z( q , )z( p 1 +p ged > q ged )z(q
R q
: m = qged. m m 0 >
B :(R ,0
)mz ,... ,1z ) (
f fo ytiralugnis z
seR
zf
= m1=k
seR
kz=z
(p
q
= )1
i2
)R,0(B
)z( p
)z( qzd
1
2
)R,0(B
)z( q)z( p)R,0(Bzxam R2 21 zd
)z( q)z( p
= )z( q " 1. :m
zkb 0=k= )z( p k
lzka 0=k
k
)z( q/ )z( p
mlzlmz =
()z( p
)z( q
)=
mz(lmz
))z( p
)z( qmz=
z1la + laz0a +.... + 1
m
mz0b +... + 1zmb + mbla z
mb1 =
43
01 :3.01 :
1 lmz
)z(pz 0 > k. )z(q
0 z k 0 > A . :
0 > R R R = |z| lmRA < )z(q)z(pm1=k
seR
kz=z
(p
q
)R,0(Bxam R ))z( q)z( p
0 R 1lmRA = lmRA R < R " .
3.01 :
:
)1 ,0( B C : R )1 ,0( B z. :
=: I
pi2
0
d ) nis , soc( R
R. :(1 +z
z
, 21 z
z
i2
) ie = z ]2 ,0[ )1 ,0( B ))( nis , )( soc( R =
)1,0(B
1
ziR
(1 + z
z
2,1 z
z
i2
)= zd
pi2
0
1
ieiR
(1 + ie
ie
2,1 ie
ie
i2
)d )ie(
=
pi2
0
1
iei= diei ))( nis , )( soc( R
pi2
0
d ))( nis , )( soc( R
:
= I
)1,0(B
1
ziR
(1 + z
z
2,1 z
z
i2
)zd
R )1 ,0( B :
i2 =: I
)1,0(Bz
1=seR )z ,( dni
zi2 = f
)1,0(Bz
seR
zf
1 = )z( f f )1 ,0( B.ziR(1 +z
z
, 21 z
z
i2
)
: 0 > R }R < |z| 0 )z( I | C z{ = )R ,0( +B R. B = R R. :
)R ,0( +
=: R(]R,R[ R = )]R,R[ )R ,0( +B
R\R = ]R,R[.
53
01 :3.01 :
:
)x( Q , )x( P 2 + Pged Qged ) ( Q
=: I Q .
)x( P . xd)x(Q
P . :Q
Q,P
mil = IR
R
R
)z( P
)z( Qmil = zd
R
R
)z( P
)z( Q zd
R
)z( P
)z( Qzd
:
milR
R
)z( P
)z( Q0 = zd
R A . : 2 + Pged Qged R R = |z| 2RA < )z(Q)z( P
R
)z( P
)z( Qzd
0 R RA = 2RA R = 2RA )R( < :
mil = IR
R
)z( P
)z( Qmil i2 = zd
R
Rz
seR
z
(P
Q
)
( R. PQ
Q )
R " :
i2 = I
zR
seR
z
(P
Q
)
1.R R
:
)x( P = )x( f Qged < Pged Q R, 0 > a : )x(Q
=: I
xdxaie )x( f
63
01 :3.01 :
51.01 ' ) 11 (:
C C : f +H :
milR
(xam
R=|z|,+Hz|)z( f|
)0 =
R R 0 > a :
milR
R
0 = zdzaie )z( f
0 < a .
:
)z(Q)z( P Qged < Pged R R = |z| 2RA < )z(Q)z( PmilR
R
)z( P
)z( Q0 = zdzaie
]R,R[ R = R :
mil = IR
R
i2 = zdzaie )z( f+Hz
seR
z
(zaief
)
zaie )z( f +H ) )z( Q (.
73
01 : 4.01 :
4.01 :
61.01 :
f C f . 71.01 :
f ' f, :
f
)z(
)z( f) fP fZ( i2 = zd
fZ ) ( f fP ) (.
81.01 :
1. .
2. f f.
, f C f
f 91.01 : zd
f f f . :
1
i2
f
)z(
)z( f= zd
1
i2
f
1
z)0 , f( dni = zd
.
02.01 )ehuoR(:
g ,f C '. :
|)z( f| < |)z( g )z( f|
z ) 0 =6 )z( g 0 =6 )z( f z "( :
}ytiilpitlum gnidulni ni g fo sorez{ # = }ytiilpitlum gnidulni ni f fo sorez{ #
12.01 :
1. .
2. f g 0 g f
= .
: ' . g ,f = z |)z( g| +|)z( f| < |)z( g )z( f|. f g ) (.
83
01 :4.01 :
22.01 ) 31(:
kzka 0=kn= )z( p 1 n p n ) (.: : " p 1.
pz = )z( g, :
)z( )z(p
= )z( gz1a + + 1nz1na)1 n( + nzn
= 0a + + 1nz1na + nz1na)1n( +n
z1a +... +
1nz
1na + 1z
0a ++... +nz
)z( g 0 > R 21 < |n )z( g| R |z|. n z
p )R ,0( B :
= pZ1
i2
)R,0(S
p
)z(
)z( p= zd
1
i2
)R,0(S
)z( g
z= zd
1
i2
)R,0(S
n
z+ zd
1
i2
)R,0(S
n )z( gz
zd
1 + )0 , )R ,0( S( dni ni2
)R,0(S
n )z( gz
+n = zd1
i2
)R,0(S
n )z( gz
zd
R :1
i2
)R,0(S
n )z( gz
zd
1
2xam R2
)R,0(Sz
zn )z( g21 |n )z( g| )R,0(Szxam R1 R =
21 |n pZ| " n = pZ, .
1 2
zna = )z( f )R ,0( B =: 1 R ) : n
xam > R(. z :{|na|1 ,1
1n|ka| 0=k
}
= |)z( p )z( f|1n0=k
zkak
1n0=k
= k|z| |ka|1n0=k
kR|ka|
1n0=k
|)z( f| = nR|na| < 1nR|ka|
:
n = }0 = nz | )R ,0( B z{ = |}0 = )z( p | )R ,0( B z{| = pZ
n n C )R ,0( B R ".
93
01 :4.01 :
1.4.01 :
32.01 m ) 31(:
f 0z 0z m f. U 0z ] U[ f = )z( f m U.
1 .f
42.01 m
: f ) 0z( " 0z . 0z f f . 0 > f ) ,0z( B ) 0z 0 f (. 0z
f f (. : f ) ,0z( B ) f 0
=: 1
2fni
),0(Bz0 > |)z( f|
}0z{ \ ) , )0z( f( B = )z( f m ) ,0z( B. )z( f = )z( . ) ,0z( B z :
|)z( f| 2 < < || = |)z( )z( f|
= )z( f 0 = )z( f ) ,0( B " m. }0{ \ ) ,0( B = )z( f m ) ,0( B.
0z f ) ,0z( B 1.
52.01 " ) 31(:
C C : nf " " f f ".
: f . f f ". 2z =6 1z a = )2z( f = )1z( f. ' a =6 )z( f z 2z ,1z.
:f
n
anf
f yllamrofinu
nf aff yllamrofinu
1 = |}a = )z( nf : z{|i2
f
)( n
da )( nf1 n
i2
f
)(
|}a = )z( f : z{| = da )( f
.
n :
2 |}a = )z( f : z{| = |}a = )z( nf : z{|
nf " .
62.01 ) 21(:
C C : nf " f . ' f . nf f
nf .
04
01 :5.01 :
5.01 :
72.01 :
C C : f f .
82.01 )elpinirP suludoM mumixaM(:
f C . |)z( f| z. .
z z |)z( f| > )z( f 92.01 | f| .
: + : 0z, 0z | f|. 0 > ) ,0z( B. :
= |)0z( f|
1
i2
),0z(S
)z( f
zd 0z z
1
2
),0z(S
0z z)z( f zd
=1
21
),0z(S
zd |)z( f|1
2
pi2xam )) ,0z( S(
),0z(Szxam = |)z( f|
),0z(Sz|)z( f|
0z | f| :
xam |)0z( f|),0z(Sz
|)0z( f| = |)z( f|
:
1
2
),0z(S
|)0z( f| = zd |)z( f|
" ) ,0z( S z |)0z( f| = |)z( f| ) f ) ,0z( S (. " < r < 0 z |0z z| |)0z( f| = |)z( f| |)z( f| ) ,0z( B. f ) ,0z( B f ) ,0z( B
.
03.01 : f 0z :1
i2
)r,0z(S
zd)z( f
|)z( f| )r,0z(Szxam )( = |)z( f )0z z(| )r ,0z( S. " 2R r 1R |)z( f )0z z(| )2R ,1R ,0z( A
)z( f )0z z( .
14
01 :5.01 :
13.01 ) 21(:
1. C f . | f| .2. C f . fR fI .
:
. 1. f1 f1
0z | f|. 0z z |)0z( f| |)z( f| .
)0z(f1 )z(f1 . 0z f1 2. )z(fe, :
)z(fIie )z(fRe = )z(fIi+)z(fRe = )z(fe
fR 0z. 0z z e 0z
= )0z(fRe f)0z( fR )z( fR )z(fRe )0z(fRe. )z(fe
. )z(fie, :
)z(fIe )z(fRie = )z(fI+)z(fRie = )z(fie
0z )z( fI )z(fIe = )z(fie
fie . )z(fIe )z(fie
23.01 :
C f , . |)z( f| ) (.
33.01 f |)z( f| .
43.01
C f , , f . " f .
53.01 )zrawhS(:
f )1 ,0( B =: D 0 = )0( f D z 1 |)z( f| :1. D z |z| |)z( f|.
.
2. 1 )0( f 1 2 C 1 = || z = )z( f D z.
24
11 :
11 :
C ) 1=n}n{ (.
1.11 ) (:
C. }{ C = : C C C }{ V C V 0 > R V }0 > R| R > |z|{.
C C . C 1=n}nz{ C a ) C
(. 2.11 :
b+za = )z( M, \C : M d+zc
d {c
d cb a C } C d ,c ,b ,a 0 =6 cb da =
a = )( M. C C : M cM
d (c
) C =
a+zcbzd = )z( 1M .
3.11 C:
.
d cb a C d ,c ,b ,a 0 =6 cb da =
4.11 :
C 2d ,1d ,2c ,1c ,2b ,1b ,2a ,1a 1d+z1c1b+z1a = )z( 1M 2d+z2c2b+z2a = )z( 2M 2M 1Mb+za = )z( M :
( d+zcb ad c
)=
(1b 1a1d 1c
()2b 2a2d 2c
)=
(1b2d + 1a2b 1b2c + 1a2a1d2d + 1c2b 1d2c + 1c2a
)
5.11 :
C C : M M .
6.11 :
1. 3 .
. .
2.
.
3
) (.
7.11 oitaR ssorC :
C 4z ,3z ,2z ,1z jz =6 iz j =6 i oitaR-ssorC :
= ]4z ,4z ,2z ,1z[3z1z/4z1z
3z2z4z2z
C 4z ,3z ,2z ,1z ]4z ,3z ,2z ,1z[ .
34
11 :
8.11 :
C 3z ,2z ,1z jz =6 iz j =6 i C 3 ,2 ,1 j =6 i j =6 i i = )iz( M 3 ,2 ,1 = i. M )z( M = :
2/3
2131
= ]3z ,2z ,1z ,z[ = ]3 ,2 ,1 ,[ =2zz/3zz
2z1z3z1z
9.11 M , :
]4z ,3z ,2z ,1z[ = ])4z( M, )3z( M, )2z( M, )1z( M[
01.11
.
.
11.11 4 :
C 4z ,3z ,2z ,1z " R ]4z ,3z ,2z ,1z[.
: = 4z ,3z ,2z ,1z , M 0 = )1z( M, 1 = )2z( M 2 = )3z( M. )4z( M
3z ,2z ,1z. :
R ])4z( M,2 ,1 ,0[ = ]4z ,3z ,2z ,1z[
" R .
= . M 4z ,3z ,2z 0 ,1, :
],0 ,1 , )1z( M[ = ])4z( M, )3z( M, )2z( M, )1z( M[ = ]4z ,3z ,2z ,1z[
=)1z(M
/)4z(M01= 1
)1z( M
1
)1z( M =
R )1z( M 4z ,3z ,2z ,1z .
21.11 :
}1 < |z| | z{ =: D M D = ]D[ M za1az = )z( M D a 1 = ||.
31.11 1S = D 1S .
41.11 ) 31(:
}0 > )z( I | C z{ =: H }1 < |z| | z{ =: D, :b+za = )z( M R d ,c ,b ,a 0 > cb da.
1. M H = ]H[ M d+zc
az = )z( M 1 = || H a.2. M D = ]H[ M az
44
11 :
51.11 :
H[ M 1+zi+zi = )z( 1M +H = ]D[ 1M. iz = )z( M D = ]+
1. i+z
1 D H H D.2. z+1z1 = )z( M :
}0 > zR : C z{ = ]D[ M
1+z1+z = )z( 1M :
D = ]}0 > zR : C z{[ 1M
1 }0 < )z( R : z{ D D }0 < )z( R : z{.
M.[Dc]D = ]D[ M D =
c1 = )z( M
z3.
.
61.11 " :
f.
C C : f " 0z 0 =6 )0z(
71.11 :
C C : f " ][ f : 1f .
f 0z
81.11 f 0z 0 =6 )0z( f ", . "
.
91.11 :
D D : h " )D = ]D[ h( h .
54
21 :
21 :
: C z ) ,( zgrA z :
}Z k | k2 + zgrA{ = )z( gra
z = e C z ,. 0 =6 z i +|z| nl = )z( gra . 0 =6 0z )0z( gra 0 0i +|0z| nl = 0. " 0 0. e = )( f " C 0 0 =6 0e = )0( f C 0. L U )0( f = 0z 0 = )0z( L U z z = )z(Le. = ze
:
)z( i +|z| nl = )z( L
z )z( gra )z( U z. 0z 0 = )0z( :
0i +|0z| nl = 0 = )0z( L
1.21 z nl: 1 = 0z 0 = 0 z 1 = 0z :
)z( grAi +|z| nl = )z( L
) ( xnl )0>R x( ]0 ,( \C. xnl }0{ \C ) ( 0 < x :
mil0>)z(Ixz
i +|x| nl = )z( L
mil0
21 :
3.21 nl :
C ]1 ,0[ : 2 ,1 1 }0{ \C 0z Z k :
ki2 = )0z( 2gol )0z( 1gol
4.21
0 =6 0z 0z = e i +|0z| nl = )0z( gra . ]0 ,( \C 0 1 0z :
0
1
t)0z( grAi +|0z| nl = )0z( L = td
1 1 z k :
1
1
ttd
0
1
tk i2 = td
:
1
1
t)k2 + )z( grA( i +|z| nl = ki2 + )z( grAi +|z| nl = td
=
tdt
e 1 0z 0z =
5.21 nl: C / 0. nl L z = )z(Le z.
6.21 nl :
C / 0 0z. 0 0z = 0e L nl
+ 0 = )z( L 0z z.z
0z
d
0 = )0z( L "
7.21 :
C C / 0. z f )z(Le = )z( f z. L nl .
8.21 :
p = Z q ,p, 2 q 1 = )q ,p( dg. C / 0. :q
1. f qp z pz = q))z( f( z.z 0 = )0z( f.
pz = 0q )z( f q
p2. 0z 0 0
z .p3. q q
74
51 ) ...(
31 :
K X . ]1 ,0[ C C ]1 ,0[
xam = )2f ,1f( d]1,0[x
}|)x( 2f )x( 1f|{
1.31 : ]1 ,0[ C K :1. K : 0 > M M < |)x( f| ]1 ,0[ x K f.
2. K : 0 > 0 > ]1 ,0[ 2x ,1x K f < |2x 1x| < |)2x( f )1x( f|.
2.31 :
C K . K ) ( K }nf{ }knf{ .
3.31 " 0 > M N N > k K M > |)z( knf| K z.
4.31 ) (:
K . C b =6 a b ,a =6 )z( f K f z K .
5.31 :
M ) K KM KM |)z( f| K z M f(. M .
6.31 " :
C D : nf ". 1=k}knf{ " ".
41 )meroehT gnippaM nnamieR(
1.41 :
C ( 0z . D : f :1. f , " D.
f ) (.
2. 0 = )0z( f 0 > )0z(
51 ) ...(
f C f . .
f
f zd
84