What is classification??What is classification??
Grouping according to similar characteristics
All Living Things are Classified !!
Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, Ex. Different places in the kitchen for plates, cups, silverware, etc…cups, silverware, etc…
Movies, music, people… EverythingMovies, music, people… Everything Everyone uses classification all the time, not Everyone uses classification all the time, not
just biologists. just biologists.
How do you use classification?
The science of classifying organismsThe science of classifying organisms
Who is the founder of the classification Who is the founder of the classification system we use today?system we use today?
Taxonomy
The scientist who The scientist who invented our system of invented our system of taxonomy we use today.taxonomy we use today.
It is called a It is called a hierarchical hierarchical classification.classification.
He used He used LatinLatin to to describe species, which describe species, which is what we still use is what we still use today (that is why we today (that is why we italicize scientific italicize scientific names!)names!)
Carlos Linnaeus
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Linnaeus vs. TodayLinnaeus vs. Today
Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive Linnaeus grouped plants based on reproductive characteristics characteristics
Now we group plants based on phylogenyNow we group plants based on phylogeny Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants Phylogeny=Evolutionary history, or how the plants
are related by genetic analysisare related by genetic analysis We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. We use genetics to figure out how plants are related. In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what In Linnaeus’s day, scientists did not know what
evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. evolution was or what DNA and genetics was. This is how science works! This is how science works!
Scientists can not communicate if they can not understand one another.
Gato - Spanish
Chat - French
Katze - German
Cat - English
Hierarchical ClassificationHierarchical Classification
It starts very broad and gets more specificIt starts very broad and gets more specific 7 hierarchies in our system:7 hierarchies in our system:
KingdomKingdom Very broadVery broad Phylum (Division)Phylum (Division) ClassClass Order Order FamilyFamily GenusGenus SpeciesSpecies Very specificVery specific
REMEMBER!!!
Kings Prefer Coke Over Flavored Grape soda
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus species
The 6 KingdomsThe 6 Kingdoms
Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are Kingdoms are the largest division-all organisms are in one of the 6 kingdomsin one of the 6 kingdoms
Animals Plants Fungi Protists Eubacteria Archaebacteria
Protists
Amoeba Paramecium Giardia
Water Mold Slime Mold
Euglena DinoflagellatesDiatomBrown AlgaeGreen Algae
Plant
Bryophyte (Moss)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Pteridophyte(Fern)
Coniferophytes (Pine Trees) Angiosperm;
DicotAngiosperm;
Monocot
Let’s classify. . . Let’s classify. . . Here is the classification for a Here is the classification for a
LionLion Kingdom: Animalia (animal Kingdom: Animalia (animal
kingdom)kingdom) Phylum: Chordata Phylum: Chordata
(Vertebrates)(Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals)Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores)Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats)Family: Felidae (cats) Genus: Genus: PantheraPanthera Species: Species: Panthera leoPanthera leo
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Remember !! Remember !! Here is the classification for a Here is the classification for a
LionLion Kingdom: Animalia (animal Kingdom: Animalia (animal
kingdom)kingdom) Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates)Phylum: Chordata (Vertebrates) Class: Mammalia (mammals)Class: Mammalia (mammals) Order: Carnivora (carnivores)Order: Carnivora (carnivores) Family: Felidae (cats)Family: Felidae (cats) Genus: Genus: PantheraPanthera Species: Species: Panthera leoPanthera leo
ALL LEVELS ARE CAPITOLIZED EXCEPT THE species name
Only Genus and species are italicized
Animals can belong to same Genus, but not species
Dog - Canis familiaris Wolf - Canis lupis Coyote - Canis latians
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Dichotomous keysDichotomous keys
What is a dichotomous key?What is a dichotomous key? A step-by-step guide to identify an organismA step-by-step guide to identify an organism
Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. Each step gives a choice of two descriptions. The descriptions have to be oppositesThe descriptions have to be opposites
Ex. Leaves round vs. leaves not roundEx. Leaves round vs. leaves not round
http://www.glencoe.com/sec/science/activities/bdol/dragdrop/BDOL17.html?iRef=17&iChapter=17&book=bio2000
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/nature/classifying-life.html
http://www.oplin.org/tree/index.html
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