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Deploying 2.5G and 3G Technologies and Services in GSM/UMTS and
CDMA NetworksSession: ACC-2030
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Agenda: Deploying IP Services in Mobile Wireless Networks
• Intro and Overview
• Radio Access Network
• Mobile Data Architecture (2.5G and 3G)
GSM/GPRS and CDMA-2000
Other Wireless Technologies
• Core Network Evolution Requirements
• IP Services For Mobile Wireless Networks
Service and user provisioning and control
• Summary, Glossary and Links
444© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Mobile WirelessA Strategic Solution Focus for Cisco
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NextGen Data Services Driving Data Services Demand
SMS Traffic > 1Billion/day
Europe: 750million/day
Italy: 150million/day
TIM: 30-60million/daySMART: 50-100million/day
AWS: 1million/day
Orange: 50 million/day
Services Offerings –
Major Operators Worldwide
• Prepay
• Messaging: SMS, IM, MMS, UM, …
• Personalization: ringtones, logos etc.
• Televoting & Audience Interaction
• Content: Branded and 3rd party
• Who Called?
• Where’s my nearest?
• Gaming: interactive & mobile dependent
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Evolution Timeline
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Agenda: Deploying IP Services in Mobile Wireless Networks
• Intro and Overview
• Radio Access Network
• Mobile Data Architecture (2.5G and 3G)
GSM/GPRS and CDMA-2000
Other Wireless Technologies
• Core Network Evolution Requirements
• IP Services For Mobile Wireless Networks
Service and user provisioning and control
• Summary, Glossary and Links
888© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Mobile Architecture
Core Network
RAN
RAN
RAN Access NetworkBGGW/FA
BSC/PCF
BSC/PCF
BSC/PCF
RAN
ISP HA
Corporate-Y
HA
Internet
Voice and Data CoreTDM
Packet
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Major Cellular Standards
1900 MHz
1800 MHz
900 MHz
800 MHz
1985 1990 1995 2000
PCS 1900
PCN / DCS 1800
PDC (Japan)
GSMNMT, TACS
AMPS
Analogue standard Time division technology
Code division technology
D-AMPS (IS-54, IS-136)
IS-95
1500 MHz
800 MHzPDC (Japan)
WCDMA2200 Mhz
TDMA 1900
3G
3Gevolution
EDGE
EDGE
EDGE
CDMA 2000
101010© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
North America Generations
3rd1900MHzCDMADigital2001CDMA-2000
2nd800MHz/
1900MHz
CDMADigital 1993US Narrowband Spread SpectrumIS-95, CDMAone
2nd800MHz/
1900MHz
TDMADigital1991US Digital CellularDigital AMPS
IS-54 / IS-136
1st800MHzFDMAAnalog1992Narrow band AMPS
1st800MHzFDMAAnalog1983Advanced Mobile Phone system
AMPS
Gener-ation
Channel
Bandwidth
Multiple access
type
Transmission type
YearCellular system
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European Generations
3rd2000MhzCDMADigital2001Universal Mobile Telecom System UMTS WCDMA
2nd900/
1800MHz
TDMADigital1990Global system for Mobile GSM
1st450/
900MHz
FDMAAnalog1986Nordic Mobile Telephone
NMT-900
1st900MHzFDMAAnalog1985Total Access CommunicationsE
-TACS
GenerationChannelMultiple Access
technique
Transmission type
YearCellular System
121212© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Japan Generations
3rd2000MHzCDMADigital2001UMTS WCDMA
(NTT Docomo)
2nd900MHzCDMADigital2000CDMAone
(KDDI)
2nd900MHzTDMADigital 1986PDC
1st900MHzFDMAAnalog1985J-TACS
GenerationChannel Bandwidth
Multiple Access
technique
Transmission type
YearCellular System
Japan added CDMA because of capacity problems with earlier system
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CDMA 2000 vs WCDMA UMTS
CDMA 2000
• Divides 5Mhz into 3 carriers of 1.25Mhz
• 1.228mcps chip rate
• GPS for Synchronous Operation
W-CDMA UMTS
• Spreads across single 5MHz carrier
• 3.84mcps chip rate
• Asynchronous
Close but not exact
141414© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
• Intro and Overview
• Radio Access Network
• Mobile Data Architecture (2.5G and 3G)
GSM/GPRS and CDMA-2000
Other Wireless Technologies
• Core Network Evolution Requirements
• IP Services For Mobile Wireless Networks
Service and user provisioning and control
• Summary, Glossary and Links
Agenda: Deploying IP Services in Mobile Wireless Networks
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151515© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
GSM Network Architecture
BSC
MSC/VLR PSTN
MS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS BTS
IP
SGSN GGSN
PDN
GMSC
161616© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
PDNCorporateInternet
Other PLMNSignalling and Data Interface
Signalling Interface
Gs Gr
GpGn
Gn GiGb
Gd
GcA
E C
D
Gb GaAbis
Um
GPRS Reference Model
GGSNGGSN
Gb
SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSCSMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC SMS-CSMS-C
HLRHLRMSC/VLRMSC/VLR
BSCBSC RXCDRRXCDR
BTSBTS BTSBTS
PCUPCU SGSNSGSN GGSNGGSN
SGSNSGSN CGCG
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Cisco CNR
Visited Networkabc.gprs
Visited Networkabc.gprs
Home Networkxyz.gprs
Home Networkxyz.gprs
V-SGSN
Cisco CNR
GRXGRX
3. DNSRequest
3. DNSRequest
H-GGSN1.1.1.1
1. Activate PDP Context Request
2. DNS Request( APN Name: xyz.gprs )
4. DNSResponse
4. DNSResponse
5. DNS Response( APN Name: xyz.gprsIP Address: 1.1.1.1) Cisco Access
Registrar RADIUS Server6. PDP Context Create Request
7. PDP Context Create Response
XYZ MS
Data Session Setup While Roaming
Permit DNS request from
[VPLMN]
Cisco Network Registrar DNS Entry
xyz.gprs 1.1.1.1abc.gprs 2.2.2.2
:
• Large number of AAA requests per second
• Triggered DNS updates
181818© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
What Makes WCDMA 3G
• Air Interface: GSM/TDMA --> WCDMA
• BTS --> Node-B
• BSC --> RNC
• MSC (still handling voice in R4)
• Packet voice (VoIP) in R5
MSC decomposition
• GPRS: GTPv0 --> GTPv1.0
GTP-C (UDP 2123)
GTP-U (UDP 2152)
• GTP Messages
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UMTS R99/R4 ModelWhere Is IP Used?
GMSCGMSC
HLRHLR AUCAUC
SMS-IWMSC
SMS-IWMSC
Core Network External voice/dataNetworks
D
SMS-GMSC
SMS-GMSC
MSCMSC
PSTNISDNInternetIntranetCorporateExtranet
RNCNode-BUu
Iur
USIMUSIM MEME
RNCUuUSIMUSIM MEME
Iub
Iub
Cu
Cu
RNS
RNS
UTRAN
Gr, Gs, Gd, Gf
GGSNGGSNSGSNSGSN
Gn
H
Iu-cs
Iu-ps
Gi
Access NetworkUser Equipment
Node-B
IP
SS7Interfaces
Voice BearerRANAP overBroadband MTP
202020© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
CDMA-2000 Data Overlay
• Access gatewaySimple IP and mobile IP access
• Client for AAA server• IP address assignment
Simple IP—PDSN (IPCP)Mobile IP—HA to PDSN to MS RN
PL
R-P
Airlink
LACMAC
IP
MACAirlink
LAC
MS PDSN
PL
Link LayerR-P
PL
IP
PPPPPP PPPPPP
IP/ IPsec
GREGRE
R-P Interface A10/A11 MIP/GRE
AAA
HA
IPNetwork
IPNetwork
End Host
Pi Interface
PDSN/FA BSC, PCF
BTS
Radio Access Network (RAN)
Mobile Station
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ISP HA
Corporate-Y
HA
Internet
RAN
BSC/PCF
RAN
BSC/PCF
RAN
BSC/PCF
Core NetworkAccess Network
HA
AAA
BGPDSN/FA
MTSOCell Site
Z O N E 1
Zone 2Zone 3
CDMA2000 Data Network Architecture
222222© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Wireless LANs Taking Off
$0
$1000
$2000
$3000
$4000
$5000
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source: Cahners In-Stat Group, 2001
+50%
+70%
US$MEnterprise WLAN End-Use Revenues
ü Standard
• Interoperability
• More choices
ü Maturity
• High speed
• Low cost
• Robust
ü High demand
ü Security
ü Ubiquity
ü Ease of Deployment
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Multi-Access Mobility
Local LAN
WLANHotspot
GSM/GPRSGGSN
UMTSGGSN
GSM/CSDGW
Client Device
EnterpriseIntranet
User Home NetworkData Center
InternetHA BGW
NAT
Enterprise
ISP
Internet
ITP-MAP
HLR
Mobility and AccessIPSecTunnel (Bouygue)Single logonWLAN SIM Auth
User ControlService ControlBilling, CSG/MindOpen Garden
Differentiate servicesTunnel ServiceEnterprise Apps
242424© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Seemless Mobility Solution
MobileInfrastructure
Packet GatewayPacket GatewayGGSN or PDSNGGSN or PDSN
EnterpriseIntranetAccess
Server
AP
AP
Internet
SeamlessMobility
Mobile IP
Macro Mobility
FA
FA
SeamlessHandoff
Home Network
HA
Client
Client
Client
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252525© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Mobile Coverage
EnterpriseIntranet
Home Network
HA
RAN
WLAN
E-NET
InternetClient
GGSNPDSN
GW
GW
* Beware of MIP over NAT
• Key to mobility is MIP (RFC 3344)• Seamless data handoff between access technologies• Client chooses interface based on configurable preferences
262626© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
HA
Mobility Binding Table:MN CoA1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.8 10.31.2.11.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
Mobility Binding Table:MN CoA1.1.1.3 10.31.1.1
1.1.1.8 10.31.2.11.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
1.1.1.7 10.31.1.11.1.1.7 10.31.1.1
FA
FA
10.31.1.1
10.31.2.1
FA
10.31.3.1
MN
1.1.1.7
1.1.1.7
MN Realizes It Has Moved to a new segment with an FA
MN Registers with the “discovered” FA
MIP Operation
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HA
Mobility Binding Table:MN CoA1.1.1.3 10.31.1.11.1.1.7 10.31.1.11.1.1.8 10.31.2.11.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
Mobility Binding Table:MN CoA1.1.1.3 10.31.1.11.1.1.7 10.31.1.11.1.1.8 10.31.2.11.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
FA
FA
10.31.1.1
10.31.2.1
FA
10.31.3.1
MN Realizes It Has Moved to a Network With a New FA
MN Registers With this New FA
When the MN Moves It Re-Registers via Its New FA
MN
MN1.1.1.7
1.1.1.7
MIP Operation Cont.
282828© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
The Movement is Transparent to all other Devices
Mobility Binding Table:MN COA1.1.1.3 10.31.1.11.1.1.7 10.31.1.1 – 10.31.2.11.1.1.8 10.31.2.11.1.1.5 10.31.3.1
FA
FA
10.31.1.1
10.31.2.1HA
Old Data Path
New Data Path
No changeis propagated tocorresponding nodes
FA
10.31.3.1
MN
1.1.1.7
1.1.1.7
MN1.1.1.7
MIP Operation Cont.
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292929© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
• Intro and Overview
• Radio Access Network
• Mobile Data Architecture (2.5G and 3G)
GSM/GPRS and CDMA-2000
Other Wireless Technologies
• Core Network Evolution Requirements
• IP Services For Mobile Wireless Networks
Service and user provisioning and control
• Summary, Glossary and Links
Agenda: Deploying IP Services in Mobile Wireless Networks
303030© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Core Network Scalability
IP Core Network
WLANHotSpots
1XRTT
PDSN
BTS/BSC
Circuit SwitchedSignaling
PSTN
SS7 Offload
3G RAN & Access
SGSNGGSN
Node-B/RNC
Circuit SwitchedSignaling
SS7 Offload
Data CenterInternet
Enterprise
PSTN
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313131© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
10/100/1000 Ethernet
Serversw / dual links
CrossConn.w / dual linksMM
OMC-R
PDSN
36/72xx
WAN Gateway
MGX's w /Route Processor Modules
(RPM)
AccessNetwork
SiSi SiSi CoreSwitch
CoreSwitch
Agg.Router
Agg.Router
Agg.Router
48 T1/E1 per MGX 8850
AggregationLayer
TransportLayer
36XXMWR1900
36XXMWR1900
36XXMWR1900
36XXMWR1900
36XXMWR1900
36XXMWR1900
T1/E1 links
T1/E1/OC-x links
OMC-IP
Radio
IP For RAN Transport
323232© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
All IP Network: Evolution with VoIP
AGW/PDSN
AAA
SCM/MGC DNS
H A
MS
RF
MS
RF
BSC
BSCBTS
MCF
SigtranMGCP (optional) SIP
TDM/RTP
VoIP/RTP
PSTNMGW
SS7
SGW
IP Network
TDM/RTPSigtran
RP / A10-11
RP
Legacymobile
SIP / VoIP
SIPmobile
SIP / VoIP
packet data
Legacy and VoIP
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MPLS Mechanisms
4. Edge LSR at egress removes label and delivers packet2. Ingress Edge LSR receives
packet, performs Layer 3 value-added services, and “labels” packets
3. Label SwitchRouters (ATM switches or gigabit routers) switch labeled packets
1a. Existing routing protocols (e.g. OSPF,IS-IS) establish reachability to destination networks
1b. Label Distribution Protocol (LDP) summarizes destination information with labels
343434© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Solution
Core Network
RAN
RAN
RAN Access NetworkHAAAA
BGGW/FA
BSC/PCF
BSC/PCF
BSC/PCF
MTSOCell Site Core
Security—Solution
• Interconnection security issues—Access Control Lists on gateway routers to the InternetEncrypted traffic from operator to corporate sites
• Firewall placement issues—Two levels of firewall security—
Web servers, cache engines, mail servers—loose DMZ protection Content Servers and Database engines—“locked down” protection
• IDS devices + PIX firewalls to detect and prevent Denial of Service attacks• Subscriber verification and data encryption/key management
Device and subscriber access/verification—AAA functionsIKE support with shared Certificate Authority—Encryption functions
ISP HA
Corporate-Y
HA
Internet
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353535© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
UMTS R99/R4 Model Leverage IP Network for SS7oIP
GMSCGMSC
HLRHLR AUCAUC
SMS-IWMSC
SMS-IWMSC
Core NetworkExternal voice/dataNetworks
D
SMS-GMSC
SMS-GMSC
PSTNISDNInternetIntranetCorporateExtranet
RNCNode-B
Iur
RNC
Iub
Iub
RNS
RNS
UTRAN GGSNGGSNSGSNSGSN
Gn
H
Iu-cs
Iu-ps
Gi
Access Network
Node-B
ITP
ITP
ITP
ITPGr, Gs, Gd, Gf
IP
MSCMSC
M3UA, HSL, orLow speed links
M3UA, HSL, orLow speed links
363636© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Signaling Infrastructure: Migration to IPLower CAPEX and OPEX – Preserving Fundamental SS7 Network Design
AccessTDM
Signaling TDM Transport Network
Legacy
STP1_1
STP1_2
STP2_1
STP2_2
MSCs/SoftswitchSMSC/HLR/IN
AccessTDM
Signaling Over IP, TDM as option
SS7oIPIP Enabled STP
Access-LinksTDM
SUA or M3UA
MSCs/SoftswitchSignaling GWSMSC/HLR/IN
Access-LinksTDM
SUA or M3UA
MTP1MTP1 IPIPAAL5
MTP2MTP2
MTP3b/MTP3MTP3b/MTP3
SCTPSCTP
M2PAM2PAM3UAM3UA
SUASUA
SCCP/ISUPSCCP/ISUP
SCCOPSSCF-NNI
IP or TDM
MTP3b StackHSL
SoIP StackSIGTRAN
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373737© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
• Intro and Overview
• Radio Access Network
• Mobile Data Architecture (2.5G and 3G)
GSM/GPRS and CDMA-2000
Other Wireless Technologies
• Core Network Evolution Requirements
• IP Services For Mobile Wireless Networks
Services, user provisioning and control
• Summary, Glossary and Links
Agenda: Deploying IP Services in Mobile Wireless Networks
383838© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Service Driven Architecture
Access
xDSL, Cable, FWA, LL, FR/ATM, etc.
3G R99RAN
3G R4/R5RAN2G/2.5G
Core
IP+Optical IP+ATM IPInternet
PSTN
Services
Others…Locationm
Comm.ContentHosting
Email/SMS
UnifiedComms
WebCall
Centre
Net
wo
rk a
nd
Ser
vice
s M
anag
emen
t
IP
IP, FR, ATM, etc.
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393939© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Elements of the Mobile Data Center
• Connectivity
Any access (GPRS, CDMA, CSD, WLAN...)
Any service (Internet, Intranet, IM, FTP...)
Securely (VPN, L2TP, IPSec...)
• Control
Every user is known (single logon, single APN, AAA...)
Every user can be controlled (billing point, service and content selection...)
• Charging
Charging model alignment with end customer [Time, Volume, Content]
404040© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Cisco Mobile ExchangeFocus on Three Major Layers
Network Manager Network Manager AggAgg..Auth./ Access ControlAuth./ Access Control
Service / Content BillingService / Content Billing
Mobile Internet Edge MIP
Access NetworksAccess NetworksOwnersOwners
Off Net ServicesOff Net Services
3G
WLAN
CDMAGPRS
FixedLRE, Cable etc…
CMX
BillingAuthent. Corporate
Intranet
WirelessASP
ContentProvider
Internet
On Net ServicesOn Net Services
Streaming Localization
L2TP
GRE
IPSec
MPLS
IPV4
IPV6
GGSN
802.11
H.A.
VPN
PDSN
1 Access 3 Services2 Control
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414141© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Service Selection
Enable Service
Selection
Service Control/Provisioning
Service Access
SSGSSGProxyProxy
PassthruPassthru
Username
Password
Internet access
TunnelTunnel
Accessing content partner
networks
Corporate accessAuto services logon (based on user
configured settings) upon Simple IP or Mobile IP sesion setup
424242© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
The Mobile Data Center
HA
Multi-ModeTerminal
GPRS/UMTS
GGSN
AAA SESM
File Transfert
Remote Access VPN
InternetBrowsing
ServiceRouter
AP
AP
Access Router
Hot Spot
Common
•Access Control•Service Control•Billing
Multiple
• Access Technologies
MIP as the enabling Technology
CDMA1x& 1xEV-DO
PDSN
ITP
HLR
Data Center
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434343© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Mobile Multi-Services Logical Architecture
GGSN / PDSN Load Balancing
CSG
CSM
CSG
CSM
CSG
AAARADIUS
RADIUS Load
Balancing Service Selection
Content Servers
Content Services
Load Balancing
Load Balancing
Record Generation For Accounting /
Billing
Content Optimization /
Transformation
COE590
COE590
COE590
COE590
444444© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
SSGSSG
FirewallFirewall
Servers
High-SpeedInternet Core
ATM,POSFR, DPT
ATM,POSFR, DPT
Core Routing
Demilitarized Zone“DMZ”
Multi-LayerSwitchingContent
ControlCaching
Content Load Balancing
Content Load Balancing
RAN GWAccess
HLRVLR
DistributedGGSN/SSG
RADIUS
SSD
ContentHosts
ContentHosts
LDAP
ServiceSelection
PortalAccessPortal
AccessVLAN
PartitioningVLAN
Partitioning
Data Center Logical Design
Data CenterServer Access
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454545© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Mobile Multi-Services Service Edge Subscriber Mgr (SESM) : Logical View
Subscriber:Subscriber:•• Account SelfAccount Self--carecare•• Sub account creation/managementSub account creation/management•• Service selfService self--subscription/Selectionsubscription/Selection•• Per subscriber policyPer subscriber policy--basedbased
Admin/Content Provider:Admin/Content Provider:•• Publish / Manage ServicesPublish / Manage Services•• Policy administrationPolicy administration•• Region ManagementRegion Management•• Content Delivery ManagementContent Delivery Management•• Account creationAccount creation
PPP/Bridged/RoutedPPP/Bridged/Routed
Video VoiceHTTP
Walled Garden
Service Edge Subscriber Manager DirectoryDirectory
LDAPLDAPPersonalized Personalized Portal!Portal!
Users Users & &
ServicesServices
Company AIP VPN
Internet
SESM
SSG
464646© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.ACC-20308248_06_2003_X2
Will Customers Pay for Content?
• They will have to
Content Providers can give away content and go bankrupt
• They already are
Users already paying for mobile ring tones, logos and cartoons
• Free content is devalued content
Wall Street Journal refused to offer its content for free on the web
• Wireless resources are not unlimited
Usage must be restricted by pricing strategy
• Depends on presentation
Bottled water has gained market share over free tap water
• Paid content is improved content
Free TV has given way to satellite and digital programming
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• Intro and Overview
• Radio Access Network
• Mobile Data Architecture (2.5G and 3G)
GSM/GPRS and CDMA-2000
Other Wireless Technologies
• Core Network Evolution Requirements
• IP Services For Mobile Wireless Networks
Service and user provisioning and control
• Summary, Glossary and Links
Agenda: Deploying IP Services in Mobile Wireless Networks
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Core Network Scalability
IP Core Network
WLANHotSpots
1XRTT
PDSN
BTS/BSC
Circuit SwitchedSignaling
PSTN
SS7 Offload
3G RAN & Access
SGSNGGSN
Node-B/RNC
Circuit SwitchedSignaling
SS7 Offload
Data CenterInternet
Enterprise
PSTN
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Glossary of Terms
• AAA—Authentication Authorization Accounting
• ACL—Access Control List• API—Application Programming Interface• APN—Access Point Name• ASBR—Autonomous System Boundary
Router• BGP—Border Gateway Protocol• CBWFQ—Class-based Weighted Fair
Queuing• CE—Customer Edge• CG—Charging Gateway• CoS—Class of Service• DiffServ—Differentiated Services• DHCP—Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol• DNS—Domain Name Server• DMZ—Demilitarized Zone• DoS—Denial of Service• DPT—Dynamic Packet Transport• DSCP—DiffServ Code Points• EBGP—Exterior Border Gateway Protocol
• FR—Frame Relay• FRTS—Frame Relay Traffic Shaping• GGSN—Gateway GPRS Support Node• GRX—GPRS Roaming Exchange• Gi—GGSN/PLMN interface to IP network• Gn—Intra-xGSN(SGSN/GGSN) interface• GTP—GPRS Tunneling Protocol• GTS—General Traffic Shaping• HSRP—Hot Standby Router Protocol• IBGP—Interior Border Gateway Protocol• ICMP—Internet Control Message Protcol• IDS—Intrusion Detection Sensors• IOS—Internet Operating System• IP—Internet Protocol• IPFR—IP Frame Relay• IPSec—IP Security• IPX—International Packet Exchange• ITP—IP Transfer Point
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Glossary of Terms
• L2TP—Layer 2 Tunneling Protocol
• LDAP —Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
• LLQ—Low Latency Queueing
• MN—Mobile Node
• MPLS—Multi-Protocol Label Switching
• MS—Mobile Station
• NMS—Network Management System
• OSPF—Open Shortest Path First
• PDP—Packet Data Protocol
• PE—Provider Edge
• POS—Packet Over Sonet
• PVC—Permanent Virtual Circuit
• QoS—Quality of Service
• RADIUS—Remote Authentication Dial -In User Service
• SGSN—Serving GPRS Support Node
• SLA—Service Level Agreement
• SLB—Server Load Balancing
• SESM—Subscriber Edge Service Manager
• SSG—Service Selection Gateway
• SMS—Short Message Service
• SNMP—Simple Network Management Protocol
• TCP—Transmission Control Protocol
• TDM—Time Division Multiplexing
• TOD—Time of Day
• ToS—Type of Service
• VLAN —Virtual Local Area Network
• VNO—Virtual Network Operator
• VoIP—Voice over Internet Protocol (IP)
• VPDN—Virtual Private Dial -up Network
• VPN—Virtual Private Network
• VTMS—Versatile Traffic Management System
• WAN —Wide Area Network
• WRED—Weighted Random Early Detection
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Important Links
• http://www.3gpp.org/
• http://www.3gpp2.org/
• http://www.gsmworld.com
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireless_mobile/gprs.html
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/779/servpro/solutions/wireless_mobile/pdsn.html
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/mpls/
• http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/732/Tech/ipv6/
• http://www.arin.net/
• http://www.apnic.org/
• http://www.ripe.net/
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Recommended Reading
Wireless Local-Area Network FundamentalsISBN: 1587050773Available in Sept. 2003
Available on-site at the Cisco Company Store
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