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ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 1
Wireless Technologies
SURFnet - Relatiedagen 2002
Jan-Willem Tasking
Ericsson Telecommunicatie BV
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 2
NMTNMT
TACSTACS
WCDMAWCDMA
UMTSUMTS2G2G
3G3G
2.5G2.5G
EDGEEDGE
GPRSGPRS
GSMGSM
AMPSAMPS
D-AMPSD-AMPS
CDMACDMA
IS-95AIS-95A
IS-95BIS-95B
CDMA2000CDMA2000
PDCPDCTDMATDMA
DECTDECTPHSPHS
CT1CT1
WLANWLAN
WI-FIWI-FI
802.11802.11
802.11a802.11a
802.11b802.11b
802.11g802.11g 802.11i802.11i
802.11e802.11e
802.11f802.11f
802.11h802.11h
802.11h802.11h
HiperLan2HiperLan2
DCS1800DCS1800
GSMNAGSMNA
BluetoothBluetooth
802.15802.15
802.1x802.1x
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 3
Contents
• Evolution of Wireless Technologies
• Wireless Computing Solutions - Positioning
• WLAN Business Drivers
• WLAN Technology
• WCDMA and WLAN
• Technology Evolution, Positioning and Combining
• Summary
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 4
Wide AreaNetwork (~10km)
Local AreaNetwork (~50m)
Personal AreaNetwork (~20m)
Wireless Evolution - Technologies
4GCombined
devices
Wideband
WLAN
Bluetooth
3GWCDMA,
EDGECDMA2000
Digital
DECT, PHS
Infra Red
2GGSM, PDC
TDMA,CDMA
Analog
CT1
“wire”
1GAMPS, NMT,
TACS etc
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 5
IMT2000 International Mobile Telecommunications 2000
ITU/RR International Telecommunication Union/Radio Communication SectorMSS UMTS Mobile Satellite Systems Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
PCS Persona l Communication Services
DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telephony
PHS Personal Handy System
1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200 2250
ITU/RR
Europe
Japan
USA
IMT-2000 IMT-2000
UMTSUMTS MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS MSS
MSS
MSS
MSS
IMT-2000IMT-2000
DE
CT
UM
TS
DE
CT
MS
SR
eg.2
MS
SR
eg
.2
Frequency in MHz
GSM 1800
PHS
PCS
UM
TS
Spectrum Allocation
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 6
Wireless Computing Solutions - Positioning
LAN
Local Area Network/Access- Hot Spots - High speedW-LAN
Mbps1 10 1000,1
Mobility
User Bitrate
3GCellular
2G c
ellu
lar
Wide Area Network (WAN)-Large coverage
Bluetooth
Personal Area Network (PAN)- Connectivity- Cable replacement
Fixed
Walk
Vehicle
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 7
Note: The UTRA requirements are the same as for ITU-R TG 8/1
Indoor/low range
outdoor:
up to 2 Mbit/s
Indoor/low range
outdoor:
up to 2 Mbit/s
User speed maximum
10 km/h
Suburban outdoor:
at least 384 kbit/s
Suburban outdoor:
at least 384 kbit/s
User speed maximum
120 km/h
Rural outdoor:
at least 144 kbit/s
Rural outdoor:
at least 144 kbit/s
User speed maximum
500 km/h
UTRAN – UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 8
WAN
MAN
LAN
Datacom Network Terminology
PAN
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 9
Business Drivers
• Access to Internet and Intranet becomes as vital as voicetelephony in business.
• With Notebooks and PDAs, data Mobility at work includescomputing. Today this is done off-line.
• With W-LANs performing like wired LANs, the officenotebook user will not need to dock.- The same applications as for stationary platforms aresupported with the addition of full data mobility.
There is a strong and growing demand to be always on-line
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 10
• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum(DSSS)
• 11 Mbps (CCK), 5.5 Mbps (CCK),2 Mbps (DQPSK), 1 Mbps(DBPSK)
• 2.4 GHz (ISM band)
• Pico-Cellular system
License-Exempt LAN
1GHz 2GHz 3GHz 4GHz 5GHz
License-Exempt ISM
GSM WCDMA
WLAN, IEEE 802.11b
CCK: Complementary Code Keying (RF modulation)DQPSK: Differential Quadrature Phase Shift KeyingDBPSK: Differential Binary Phase Shift KeyingISM: Industrial, Scientific and Medical (radio spectrum)
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 11
802.11 Protocol Stack
• MAC (Media Access Control) Layer– The rules for accessing the wireless medium
• PHY (Physical) Layer– Radio layer
– Modulation, coding etc.
802.11 MAC
802.2
802.11 PHY
IP
UDP/TCP
These layers are specified by IEEE 802.11
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 12
802.11b Spread Spectrum PHY
• Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
• Baseband signal is spread by a chip sequence
• All STAs and APs use the same chip sequence– this is not CDMA!
After spreading
Frequency
PowerPower
Frequency
Before spreading
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 13
802.11b Channels
• Frequency range: 2400-2483.5 MHz (unlicensed band!)
• Channels numbered 1-14
• Spacing between channels: 5 MHz
• 802.11b bandwith: approx. 20 MHz
• => At most 3 non-overlapping channels– USA: Channels 1, 6, 11 (Channels 12-14 not allowed)
– Europe*: Channels 1, 7, 13 (Channel 14 not allowed)
– Japan: Channel 14 * Some countries are exceptions
Channel 1371
MHz2400
2412 2442 2483.52472
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 14
There is also another 802.11 PHY layer: 802.11a
• Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
• Data rates from 6 to 54 Mbps
• 5150-5350 MHz and 5725-5825 MHz (also an unlicensedband)
• 12 non-overlapping channels
• Not allowed in Europe yet– Except for 5150-5250 MHz in some countries.
– Due to lack of DFS and TPC
• Uses the same MAC layer as 802.11bNote: SIFS and DIFS times are different for 802.11a,Backoff slots are different
DFS: Dynamic Frequency SelectionTPC: Transmit Power Control
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 15
Other 802.11 amendments (work in progress in IEEE)
• 802.11e Quality of Service– To support streaming traffic and AV applications
• 802.11f Inter-AP Protocol (IAPP)– Protocol for transporting information between APs
• 802.11g Further high-speed PHY layer extension in the 2.4 GHz band
– OFDM in the 802.11b frequency band (2400-2483.5 MHz)– Data rates from 6 to 54 Mbps
• 802.11h Spectrum and Transmit Power Control – Will make it possible to use 802.11a (5 GHz) in Europe
• 802.11i Enhanced Security– Existing 802.11 (WEP) security is broken– New authentication and encryption algorithms (802.1x)
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 16
WCDMA (UMTS) and 802.11b (WLAN)
• WCDMA– Up to 2 Mbps (384 kbps wide area)– Wide Area Coverage– “Anytime, Anywhere”
• WLAN– Up to 5 Mbps user bitrate (11 Mbps physical layer bitrate)– Local Area Coverage (up to 50 m), Pico-Cellular– “Sometimes, Somewhere”
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 17
WCDMA
GPRS, EDGE
WideArea
Network
LocalArea
Network
Combining Air-Interfaces
WLAN
Not to Scale1 Wide Area cell = ~10 000 WLAN cells
Personal Area Network
Bluetooth
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 18
GPRS/UMTSCore Network
Access Management SystemMOWLAN Manager
Ericsson WLANAuthentication Server (EWAS)
SMS-C
SIGNALLINGGPRS TRAFFICWLAN TRAFFIC
Internet / Intranet
AuC
GPRSRadio
Network
ASN
WLANAP
WLAN
SGSN GGSN
GPRS/UMTS Installations WLAN INSTALLATIONS
Mobile Operator - WLAN Solution
SOG
HLRGSM/UMTSPrepaid system
BGw
Legacy Mobile OperatorNetwork Management
Legacy Mobile OperatorBilling System
Legacy Mobile OperatorSubscriber Management
ETM/P-02:080 Uen Rev A Wireless Technologies13-11-02 19
Summary
• WLAN is an Attractive Addition to GPRS/WCDMA
• Always online everywhere (indoor & outdoor)– WLAN - Hotspots/Pico-Cellular
– GPRS/WCDMA - Wide Area
• Developments for improving 802.11 ongoing for• Cellplanning (DFS, TPC), Higher Bitrates with 802.11a, g
• Quality of Service, Security
• Combined Solutions - Mobile Operator - WLAN– Roaming, WLAN access management, Reuse of Provisioning
system, transport network, Billing gateway (incl. Prepaid),Subscriber and Authentication mgt.