Chnh sch mi trng l g? "Chnh sch mi trng l nhng ch trng, bin php
mang tnh chin lc, thi on, nhm gii quyt mt nhim v bo v mi trng c th
no , trong mt giai on nht nh". Chnh sch mi trng c th ho Lut Bo v Mi
trng (trong nc) v cc Cng c quc t v mi trng. Mi cp qun l hnh chnh u
c nhng chnh sch mi trng ring. N va c th ho lut php v nhng chnh sch
ca cc cp cao hn, va tnh ti c th a phng. S ng n v thnh cng ca chnh
sch cp a phng c vai tr quan trng trong m bo s thnh cng ca chnh sch
cp trung ng. Ba trng hp in hnh v hin trng ti nguyn v mi trng nc ca
mt s lu vc sng nc ta hin nay
Ti nguyn nc c hnh thnh, lun chuyn, din bin v lng v cht, pht huy
tc dng i vi mi trng thin nhin, i sng v mi hot ng pht trin ca con
ngi trn nhng khu vc a l nht nh l nhng lu vc sng. bn c c khi nim c
th hn v tnh hnh ti nguyn nc ca nc ta, cng vi nhng c im chung v ti
nguyn nc nu mc trc, mc th ba ny trnh by tnh trng ti nguyn nc trn ba
lu vc sng c th: lu vc cc sng Nhu - y, trong c Th H Ni v mt s khu
cng nghip pha Bc; lu vc cc sng ng Nai - Si Gn, trong c thnh ph H Ch
Minh v mt s khu cng nghip pha Nam; v lu vc sng Cu vi mt s tnh v
thnh ph vng trung du pha Bc v ng bng sng Hng. on trnh by v lu vc
sng Nhu - sng y da theo bo co "Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y"
do Th trng Phm Khi Nguyn trnh by ti Hi ngh v ch trn, hp ngy
7-8-2003, cng b trn tp ch Bo v Mi trng, s thng 8-2003; on v lu vc
sng ng Nai - Si Gn theo bi vit ca PGS, TS. L Trnh; on v lu vc sng
Cu theo bi vit ca GS, TS. Ng nh Tun. Ti nguyn v mi trng nc lu vc
sng Nhu - sng y
Lu vc sng Nhu - sng y thuc cc tnh v thnh ph: Ha Bnh, H Ni, H Ty,
H Nam, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh, c din tch khong 8.000km2, dn s trn 9 triu
ngi, trong c khong 3,5 triu sng ven sng. y l vng lnh th c iu kin t
nhin, mi trng phong ph a dng, c v tr a l c bit quan trng trong chin
lc pht trin kinh t - x hi ca vng ng bng sng Hng trong c Th H Ni.
Song, ni y cng ang gp phi nhng vn mi trng bc xc do thin nhin v con
ngi gy ra nh l lt, ng ngp, thoi ha t, nhim mi trng do qu trnh th
ha, cng nghip ha. Sng Nhu - sng y c nhiu ph lu kh ln chy qua cc
thnh ph, th x, th trn, th t, t im dn c, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut,
dch v, lng ngh, l ngun cp nc ngt quan trng cho sn xut v dn sinh.
Sng Nhu c tng chiu di l 74km, b rng trung bnh t 30 - 40m, din tch
lu vc 1.070km2. Cc sng nhnh ln chy qua trc chnh sng Nhu gm c: sng
m, sng ng Bng, sng Cu Ng, sng T Lch, mng Ha Bnh, sng Lng. Sng Nhu
ly nc t sng Hng qua cng Lin Mc ti cho h thng thy nng an Hoi. Sng
Nhu cn tiu nc cho thnh ph H Ni, th x H ng v chy vo sng y ti th x Ph
L. Nc sng T Lch thng xuyn x vo sng Nhu vi lu lng trung bnh t 11-17
m3/s, lu lng cc i t 30 m3/s. Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Vin a l v cht
lng sng Nhu, on chy qua H Ni cho thy rng nc on u sng chy qua th x H
ng, trc khi tip nhn ngun nc thi ca hai con sng Kim Ngu v T Lch (2km
u tin), c hm lng BOD, NH4 vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc
loi B, hm lng DO vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc loi A. Ti p
Thanh Lit, khi sng Nhu tip nhn thm mt khi lng nc thi sinh hot v cng
nghip ca phn ln ni thnh H Ni t sng T Lch v Kim Ngu vo, nc b nhim n
mc nghim trng: hm lng BOD, As, NH4, NO2, tng coliform,... u vt qu
mc tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc loi B n hng chc ln. on sng bt u
t p Thanh Lit n km7, hm lng cc cht gy nhim mi trng nc y gim dn, tuy
nhin cc ch tiu nh BOD, NH4, NO2 vn cn cao hn mc tiu chun cho php i
vi cht lng nc loi B. Ni chung trn on sng ny, cht lng nc sng Nhu vn
b nhim mc cao.
on cui cng ca sng Nhu cht lng nc sng bin i do qu trnh t lm sch
ca dng sng, khi lng cht thi t i nn cht lng nc sng cng dn c ci thin.
Tuy nhin, cht lng nc sng vn cha t tiu chun do hm lng nitrit, BOD vn
cao trn mc tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc loi A. Nh vy cht lng nc
sng khi chy ra khi tnh H Ty vn khng t tiu chun cho php trong phc v
sinh hot, mi ch t mc tiu chun cho php i vi nc phc v cho sn xut nng
nghip. Sng y nguyn l mt phn lu ln u tin hu ngn sng Hng, bt u t ca
Ht Mn chy theo hng ng bc - ty nam v ra bin ti ca y. n nm 1937, sau
khi xy dng xong p y, nc sng Hng khng thng xuyn vo sng y qua ca p y
(tr nhng nm phn l) v vy phn u ngun sng, t km 0 n Ba Th di 71km, sng
y trn thc t ch nh on sng cht. Hin tng bi lng v nhn dn ln t canh tc
gy cn tr thot l ma ma. Lng nc c cung cp cho sng y ch yu l do cc sng
nhnh, quan trng nht l sng Tch, sng Bi, sng o, sng Nhu. Ngun nc t
nhin ca sng y kt hp vi ch iu ha ca h thng cng trnh thy li phc v c
lc vic cp nc sinh hot, cp nc th nh: Ph L, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh v s pht
trin ca cc ngnh giao thng thy, thy sn, du lch v c bit l nng nghip.
Sng y l trc tiu thot chnh trong ma l v hon ton mang c th ca mt dng
sng ng bng. Sng y c chiu di khong 247km, lng v bi sng thay i mnh v
chiu rng. Cht lng nc sng y thay i tht thng, ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht
lng nc cc knh, mng, sng nhnh dn vo trn sut chiu di ca sng. C nhiu
nguyn nhn khc nhau gy ra nhim ngun nc sng y v t dn n lm gim cht lng
mi trng sng trn ton lu vc. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do dng chnh sng y phi
tip nhn rt nhiu ngun nc thi, t nc thi sn xut n nc thi sinh hot trn
phm vi rng. Lng nc thi nhiu ni c nng nhim cao. Nhng im nhim nng
mang tnh cc b l rt ph bin, nu khng c bin php gim thiu th nguy c lan
rng l khng th trnh khi. Nu xt c v khng gian v thi gian th mc nhim
ca tng on sng, nhnh sng hay tng khu vc rt khc nhau, ph thuc vo ch
thy
vn, lng nc sinh hot, cng nghip, ch ti tiu trong nng nghip. Hin
ti ngun nc dng chy chnh vo sng y do ma trn lu vc v mt s sng nh sng
Nhu. Cht lng nc sng Nhu tng lc, ph thuc vo thi gian m cng Lin Mc,
tng ni vt gii hn cho php i vi cht lng nc loi B, khng p ng c nhu cu
cung cp cho sn xut. Nu khng c bin php ngn nga khc phc, x l nhim kp
thi th tng lai khng xa ngun nc sng Nhu, sng y khng th s dng cho sn
xut c. Thc t cho thy c rt nhiu vn cn c gii quyt trong bo v ti nguyn
v mi trng nc lu vc sng Nhu - sng y. Cc vn cp bch nht l: Mi trng nc
lu vc b nhim do sn xut cng nghip v th cng nghip ngy cng gia tng.
Ngun nc thi do hot ng nng nghip cha ng cc ha cht tr su, dit c, bo
qun hoa qu, kch thch sinh trng cng ang gia tng. Ngun thi sinh hot
ca trn 3 triu ngi dn sng trn lu vc, tc tng dn s vn cn ln, v hng chc
bnh vin khng c c s x l cht thi ring. Hnh thi c bit ca lu vc: lng
sng dc thng lu, trng thp trung lu, ca sng b thy triu khng ch. Trong
trng hp ma ln hn 200mm, sng Nhu khng kh nng tiu ng, gy ngp ng cc b.
Khi l sng Hng ln phi phn l vo sng y v s c nguy c gy ngp lt v nhim
mi trng trn din rng. Lng sng y ang b thu hp, gy cn kit cc b vo ma
kh, tc nghn dng chy, nh hng rt ln n kh nng t lm sch ca dng sng. V
th ch, chnh sch, phng php qun l lu vc cha c s thng nht v phn cng
trch nhim r rng, cha c s qun l thng nht v ng b gia cc c quan qun l
nh nc v bo v mi trng lu vc v cc a phng trn lu vc, dn ti hiu lc v
hiu qu thp trong vic qun l, bo v mi trng lu vc. Ri ro mi trng do l
lt v ng ngp l nguy c ln i vi lu vc. Lng sng b bi lp, thng ngun b xi
l gy cn kit nc v ma kh v l lt vo ma ma, nhiu trng b ngp lt, mt s
khu
vc quan trng v dn sinh v kinh t tr thnh h cha chm l khi cn x l
sng Hng. Vic xy dng c s d liu v mi trng lu vc sng cha c quan tm, cc
thng tin cn thit cn thiu, cha c cp nht, h thng quan trc mi trng nc
cha p ng c cc yu cu ca cng tc qun l mi trng lu vc. thc bo v ti
nguyn v mi trng nc ca nhn dn trong lu vc cn thp dn n tnh trng x rc
thi, nc thi xung sng, khai thc lng sng ba bi. Qun l mt lu vc nh lu
vc sng y - sng Nhu l vic khng n gin do s khc bit gia cc khu vc, cc
tnh, cc thnh ph trong lu vc v iu kin t nhin, kinh t - x hi, v h
thng qun l ca cc c quan nh nc, cng nh v nhn thc mi trng ca nhn dn
tng a phng. Trc mt, bo v ti nguyn v mi trng nc ti mt lu vc quan
trng nh lu vc sng y - sng Nhu cn thc hin ngay cc bin php sau: Cc nh
my, x nghip, dch v, lng ngh trn a bn cn nghim tc thc hin cc lut v
quy nh v bo v mi trng; thc hin cc bin php cng ch (k c ng ca) cc c s
sn xut kinh doanh gy nhim mi trng nghim trng m khng c kh nng gim
thiu v di di. Thc hin nghim, c kt qu v ng tin "K hoch x l trit cc c
s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng" c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt nh s
64/2003/QTTg ngy 22-42003, c bit u tin vic x l ngay cc c s nm trn
lu vc sng. Cc tnh, thnh ph cn ch ng tng cng kim sot cc ngun thi;
quan trc cht lng nc thng xuyn, lin tc trn ton h thng sng, c bit l
nhng ngun thi ln, nhng im gn v tr gip ranh gia cc a phng nhm pht
hin, ngn chn kp thi nhng s c c th xy ra. Huy ng mi ngun lc gii quyt
vn nhim nc lu vc sng vo ma cn kit: no vt, khi thng dng chy, bm cp
nc b sung t sng Hng vo sng Nhu m bo duy tr lu lng nc phc v nng
nghip v sinh hot cng nh ha long t nhin cc cht gy nhim.
Tng cng cng tc tuyn truyn, vn ng nhn dn hai bn b sng khng x rc
thi, nc thi cha c x l xung sng. Tng cng nng lc qun l mi trng ca cc
a phng trong lu vc v xy dng t chc qun l mi trng lu vc, xy dng v thc
hin ngay n tng th v bo v mi trng lu vc ni chung v ti nguyn v mi
trng nc ni ring. Hin nay hn ch, gim thiu nhim nc v khc phc tnh trng
thiu nc trong lu vc, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn lp D n tng ngun
nc cho sng y ti ba khu vc: 1) Tip ngun nc cho sng Tch qua cng trnh
Bn Mm ti th x Sn Ty vi lu lng khong 40 m3/s; 2) Tip ngun nc cho dng
chnh sng y qua cng trnh cm u mi Ht Mn - p y cho php khi thng li dng
sng y vi lu lng khong 50 m3/s; 3) Tip ngun nc cho sng Chu qua cng
Tc Giang vi lu lng khong 40 m3/s. B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn
ang khi u D n mang tn "Lm sng li dng sng y".
Gii php cp bch bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - y Th nm, 11 Thng 12
2008 11:12 Ngy 10/12, Tng cc Mi trng (B Ti nguyn - Mi trng) t chc
hi ngh "Bo v mi trng sng Nhu - y" ti tnh H Nam. Ti hi ngh, cc i biu
tp trung tho lun cc vn nh: Cc ch trng, ng li, lut php, chnh sch ca
ng v Nh nc lin quan n bo v mi trng cc lu vc sng ca Vit Nam; cc vn
bn hin hnh lin quan n qun l, bo v lu vc sng v hot ng ca cc U ban lu
vc sng; truyn thng nng cao nhn thc bo v mi trng sng Nhu - y; cc vn
mi trng lin quan n doanh nghip trong qu trnh hi nhp kinh t quc t;
hin trng mi trng lu vc sng Nhu y v tnh H Nam. Hi ngh a ra nhiu gii
php cp bch nhm bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - y trong thi gian ti, c
th l: La chn cc cng ngh tin b trong u t sn xut nhm nng cao nng sut,
cht lng v gim thiu nhim mi trng; m bo ngun vn u t
cho cng tc bo v mi trng; thc hin di di cc c s gy nhim mi trng ra
khi khu dn c; tng cng cng tc thanh, kim tra vic chp hnh php lut v
bo v mi trng ca cc c s sn xut kinh doanh; y mnh cng tc tuyn truyn,
gio dc php lut v bo v mi trng cho nhn dn; tng cng cng tc qun l nh
nc v bo v mi trng,... Theo thng k s b, trong phm vi lu vc sng Nhu -
y c khong 700 ngun thi cng nghip, lng ngh, bnh vin v sinh hot. Hu
nh tt c cc ngun thi u tp trung vo sng Nhu, sng y m khng qua h thng
x l nc thi no. Sng Nhu - y khi v tnh H Nam b nhim nng do cht thi ca
H Ni (chim 71% tng lng cht thi vo sng Nhu - y). Hn na, ti tnh H Nam
vn u t cho h thng x l nc thi ti cc khu cng nghip, lng ngh, khu dn c
cha c quan tm ng mc. Nc sng Nhu, sng y H Nam b nhim nng trung bnh t
6 - 11 ln/nm vo ma cn kit. Mt s cht c nng vt tiu chun cho php loi A
theo TCVN 5942 - 1995 (tiu chun nc s dng cho mc ch sinh hot) nh:
Amoni vt 380 ln; COD vt 5 ln, cht rn l lng vt 6 ln...
Cam kt v bo v mi trng ca Ch tch UBND 6 tnh, thnh thuc khu vc sng
Nhu, sng y Ngy 7 thng 8 nm 2003 ti th x Ph L, tnh H Nam, chng ti i
din cho 6 tnh, thnh ph thuc lu vc sng Nhu - sng y, nht tr nhn nh
rng:
Vic khai thc s dng ngun nc ca bt k phn lnh th no trong lu vc u c
nh hng v nhiu mt n cc vng lnh th cn li, c bit l v mi trng; Tnh trng
nhim mi trng nhiu ni thuc lu vc n mc bo ng trong khi tc ng tiu cc
ca qu trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi ln mi trng chc chn s cn tip tc
gia tng mnh m trong thi gian ti nu khng c bin php khc phc hiu
qu.
m bo cht lng mi trng, gi gn cnh quan sinh thi, ti nguyn thin
nhin lu vc sng Nhu - sng y phc v s nghip pht trin kinh t - x hi bn
vng trn a bn 6 tnh, thnh ph thuc lu vc, cn thit phi c s phi hp cht
ch, n lc to ln chung ca 6 tnh, thnh ph trong cng tc bo v mi trng lu
vc.
Nhm bo v mi trng trong lnh ca lu vc phc v i sng ca nhn dn v cc
mc tiu pht trin kinh t - x hi mt cch bn vng trn ton lu vc, chng ti
cam kt: 1. Coi nhim v bo v v ci thin mi trng trn phm vi ton lu vc l
nhim v u tin, cp bch ca tng a phng ni ring v ca c 6 tnh, thnh ph ni
chung. 2. T chc thc hin nghim Lut Bo v mi trng, Lut Ti nguyn nc v
cc vn bn quy phm php lut khc c lin quan. y mnh tuyn truyn, gio dc
nng cao nhn thc v bo v mi trng trong nhn dn ton lu vc. 3. Khai thc,
s dng hp l, tit kim ngun nc lu vc; tin hnh cc hot ng pht trin kinh
t - x hi, gi gn an ninh quc phng ph hp vi cc mc tiu pht trin bn vng
ca ton lu vc. 4. Ch ng phng nga, kp thi ng ph cc s c mi trng, ngn
chn tnh trng nhim, tng bc ci thin v nng cao cht lng mi trng nc, tch
cc bo v rng u ngun, rng phng h, khi phc v trng mi rng. 5. Xy dng
quy hoch bo v mi trng tng tnh (phn thuc lu vc 2 sng trn), tin ti xy
dng quy hoch bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu- sng y; ch o cc a phng thc
hin cc qui hoch ni trn.
6. Thng xuyn trao i thng tin, khn trng xy dng c s d liu v mi
trng ca lu vc, c cc hnh thc thng bo nh k cng khai v tnh trng mi
trng lu vc. 7. Huy ng mi ngun nhn lc, ti lc mt cch hp l ca cc a
phng thc hin ch trng x hi ho bo v mi trng, x l v khc phc hu qu khi
s c xy ra. Hng nm dnh mt khon kinh ph t ngn sch a phng p ng cho vic
thc hin cc nhim v bo v mi trng lu vc sng. 8. Xy dng n tng th bo v
mi trng lu vc sng Nhu sng y trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt. Phn u t kt
qu c th:
T ma kh nm 2003, bng gii php iu tit nc hp l gim c nng nhim nc
sng, gim khiu kin ca nhn dn trong lu vc. n nm 2007 x l xong cc c s
gy nhim mi trng nghim trng theo Quyt nh s 64/2003/Q-TTg ngy
22/4/2003 ca Th tng Chnh ph v vic ph duyt K hoch x l trit cc c s gy
nhim mi trng nghim trng. n nm 2010 ngn chn hon ton vic gia tng nhim
mi trng nc lu vc, to chuyn bin c bn trong vic ci thin v nng cao cht
lng mi trng lu vc.
thc hin tt cc cam kt trn chng ti ngh:
Chnh ph, cc B/ngnh trung ng khn trng xem xt, ph duyt cc phng n v
n bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y, ng thi phi hp gii quyt cc vn
c tnh lin ngnh, lin tnh trong khai thc v s dng tit kim ngun nc,
trong pht trin kinh t - x hi v bo v mi trng trn a bn cc tnh thuc lu
vc sng. Hng nm dnh ngn sch trung ng tho ng cho vic thc hin cc n, d
n v hot ng bo v mi trng lu vc sng B Ti nguyn v Mi trng ch ng lin h
vi i din cc quc gia, cc t chc quc t v cc t chc phi chnh ph vn
ng
ngun vn u t h tr cho cc hot ng bo v mi trng lu vc sng, ng thi y
mnh x hi ho cng tc bo v mi trng trn ton quc ni chung v trn a bn 6
tnh, thnh ph thuc lu vc sng Nhu - sng y ni ring.
Th tng chnh ph ph duyt n BVMT lu vc sng Nhu- sng y n nm 2020 Di
y l phin bn cache ti a ch:
http://www.vnmedia.vn/newsdetail.asp?NewsId=128459&CatId=20 -
Ngy 29/4/2008 Th tng Chnh ph ra Quyt nh s 57/2008/Q-TTg v vic ph
duyt " n tng th bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu-sng y n nm 2020" vi mc
ch gii quyt vn nhim v bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu- sng y . y l vn
ln, lin vng, lin ngnh; l nhim v ca c 6 tnh, thnh ph trn lu vc, i hi
phi c s ch o cht ch v h tr u t ca Chnh ph, cc B, ngnh cng nh s quyt
tm cao ca ng b, chnh quyn v nhn dn ton lu vc. Th tng Chnh ph nu r:
Vic bo v mi trng sng y- sng Nhu phi xut pht t quan im tng th, ng b
v thng nht trn ton lu vc kt hp cht ch vi vic bo v tr lng ngun nc v
cht lng nc ca dng sng. T nay n nm 2020 nhm hn ch, gim thiu nhim v
suy thoi mi trng lu vc sng Nhu-sng y; tng bc x l nhim, ci thin, nng
cao cht lng mi trng, cht lng nc cc dng sng, to h thng dng chy n nh,
bo v cc cng trnh thy li an ton, bn vng; xy dng v hon chnh h thng c
ch, chnh sch ng b nhm khai thc hp l, s dng tit kim v bo v ngun nc,
mi trng lu vc sng Nhu-sng y; thit lp m hnh qun l mi trng lu vc ph
hp khai thc, s dng bn vng, duy tr cn bng ngun nc, bo v mi trng v
cnh quan sinh thi, phc v c hiu qu nhu cu pht trin kinh t- x hi trn
ton lu vc. Vi cc mc tiu c th t nay n nm 2010; 2011-2015 v giai on
2016-2020 nhm gim thiu v khng ch mc gia tng nhim mi trng lu vc sng
y- sng Nhu; gi gn bo v mi trng t nhin, bo tn a dng sinh hc trn lu
vc sng; khc phc ci to nhng khu vc, on sng b nhim nng; nng cao nng
lc t chc, qun l bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu-sng y v xy dng h thng cp
nc sch ti mt s khu vc th nng thn trn lu vc...
Th tng Chnh ph cng khng nh vic t chc trin khai 12 d n u tin bo v
mi trng v cc gii php thc hin. Theo , B Ti nguyn mi trng c trch nhim
ch tr v phi hp vi lnh o 6 tnh: H Ni, H Ty, Ha Bnh, Nam nh, H Nam,
Ninh Bnh cng cc B Ti chnh, B K hoch v u t v cc b ngnh lin quan chu
trch nhim thc hin. Quyt nh ny c hiu lc thi hnh sau 15 ngy, k t ngy
ng cng bo.
Ba trng hp in hnh v hin trng ti nguyn v mi trng nc ca mt s lu vc
sng nc ta hin nay
Ti nguyn nc c hnh thnh, lun chuyn, din bin v lng v cht, pht huy
tc dng i vi mi trng thin nhin, i sng v mi hot ng pht trin ca con
ngi trn nhng khu vc a l nht nh l nhng lu vc sng. bn c c khi nim c
th hn v tnh hnh ti nguyn nc ca nc ta, cng vi nhng c im chung v ti
nguyn nc nu mc trc, mc th ba ny trnh by tnh trng ti nguyn nc trn ba
lu vc sng c th: lu vc cc sng Nhu - y, trong c Th H Ni v mt s khu
cng nghip pha Bc; lu vc cc sng ng Nai - Si Gn, trong c thnh ph H Ch
Minh v mt s khu cng nghip pha Nam; v lu vc sng Cu vi mt s tnh v
thnh ph vng trung du pha Bc v ng bng sng Hng. on trnh by v lu vc
sng Nhu - sng y da theo bo co "Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y"
do Th trng Phm Khi Nguyn trnh by ti Hi ngh v ch trn, hp ngy
7-8-2003, cng b trn tp ch Bo v Mi trng, s thng 8-2003; on v lu vc
sng ng Nai - Si Gn theo bi vit ca PGS, TS. L Trnh; on v lu vc sng
Cu theo bi vit ca GS, TS. Ng nh Tun. Ti nguyn v mi trng nc lu vc
sng Nhu - sng y Lu vc sng Nhu - sng y thuc cc tnh v thnh ph: Ha
Bnh, H Ni, H Ty, H Nam, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh, c din tch khong 8.000km2,
dn s trn 9 triu ngi, trong c khong 3,5 triu sng ven sng. y l vng
lnh th c iu kin t nhin, mi trng phong ph a
dng, c v tr a l c bit quan trng trong chin lc pht trin kinh t -
x hi ca vng ng bng sng Hng trong c Th H Ni. Song, ni y cng ang gp
phi nhng vn mi trng bc xc do thin nhin v con ngi gy ra nh l lt, ng
ngp, thoi ha t, nhim mi trng do qu trnh th ha, cng nghip ha. Sng
Nhu - sng y c nhiu ph lu kh ln chy qua cc thnh ph, th x, th trn, th
t, t im dn c, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, dch v, lng ngh, l ngun cp
nc ngt quan trng cho sn xut v dn sinh. Sng Nhu c tng chiu di l
74km, b rng trung bnh t 30 - 40m, din tch lu vc 1.070km2. Cc sng
nhnh ln chy qua trc chnh sng Nhu gm c: sng m, sng ng Bng, sng Cu
Ng, sng T Lch, mng Ha Bnh, sng Lng. Sng Nhu ly nc t sng Hng qua cng
Lin Mc ti cho h thng thy nng an Hoi. Sng Nhu cn tiu nc cho thnh ph
H Ni, th x H ng v chy vo sng y ti th x Ph L. Nc sng T Lch thng xuyn
x vo sng Nhu vi lu lng trung bnh t 11-17 m3/s, lu lng cc i t 30
m3/s. Theo kt qu nghin cu ca Vin a l v cht lng sng Nhu, on chy qua
H Ni cho thy rng nc on u sng chy qua th x H ng, trc khi tip nhn
ngun nc thi ca hai con sng Kim Ngu v T Lch (2km u tin), c hm lng
BOD, NH4 vt qu tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc loi B, hm lng DO vt
qu tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc loi A. Ti p Thanh Lit, khi sng
Nhu tip nhn thm mt khi lng nc thi sinh hot v cng nghip ca phn ln ni
thnh H Ni t sng T Lch v Kim Ngu vo, nc b nhim n mc nghim trng: hm
lng BOD, As, NH4, NO2, tng coliform,... u vt qu mc tiu chun cho php
i vi cht lng nc loi B n hng chc ln. on sng bt u t p Thanh Lit n
km7, hm lng cc cht gy nhim mi trng nc y gim dn, tuy nhin cc ch tiu
nh BOD, NH4, NO2 vn cn cao hn mc tiu chun cho php i vi cht lng nc
loi B. Ni chung trn on sng ny, cht lng nc sng Nhu vn b nhim mc cao.
on cui cng ca sng Nhu cht lng nc sng bin i do qu trnh t lm sch ca
dng sng, khi lng cht thi t i nn cht lng nc sng cng dn c ci thin.
Tuy nhin, cht lng nc sng vn cha t tiu chun do hm lng nitrit, BOD vn
cao trn mc tiu chun cho
php i vi cht lng nc loi A. Nh vy cht lng nc sng khi chy ra khi
tnh H Ty vn khng t tiu chun cho php trong phc v sinh hot, mi ch t
mc tiu chun cho php i vi nc phc v cho sn xut nng nghip. Sng y nguyn
l mt phn lu ln u tin hu ngn sng Hng, bt u t ca Ht Mn chy theo hng
ng bc - ty nam v ra bin ti ca y. n nm 1937, sau khi xy dng xong p
y, nc sng Hng khng thng xuyn vo sng y qua ca p y (tr nhng nm phn l)
v vy phn u ngun sng, t km 0 n Ba Th di 71km, sng y trn thc t ch nh
on sng cht. Hin tng bi lng v nhn dn ln t canh tc gy cn tr thot l ma
ma. Lng nc c cung cp cho sng y ch yu l do cc sng nhnh, quan trng
nht l sng Tch, sng Bi, sng o, sng Nhu. Ngun nc t nhin ca sng y kt
hp vi ch iu ha ca h thng cng trnh thy li phc v c lc vic cp nc sinh
hot, cp nc th nh: Ph L, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh v s pht trin ca cc ngnh
giao thng thy, thy sn, du lch v c bit l nng nghip. Sng y l trc tiu
thot chnh trong ma l v hon ton mang c th ca mt dng sng ng bng. Sng
y c chiu di khong 247km, lng v bi sng thay i mnh v chiu rng. Cht
lng nc sng y thay i tht thng, ph thuc rt nhiu vo cht lng nc cc knh,
mng, sng nhnh dn vo trn sut chiu di ca sng. C nhiu nguyn nhn khc
nhau gy ra nhim ngun nc sng y v t dn n lm gim cht lng mi trng sng
trn ton lu vc. Nguyn nhn ch yu l do dng chnh sng y phi tip nhn rt
nhiu ngun nc thi, t nc thi sn xut n nc thi sinh hot trn phm vi rng.
Lng nc thi nhiu ni c nng nhim cao. Nhng im nhim nng mang tnh cc b l
rt ph bin, nu khng c bin php gim thiu th nguy c lan rng l khng th
trnh khi. Nu xt c v khng gian v thi gian th mc nhim ca tng on sng,
nhnh sng hay tng khu vc rt khc nhau, ph thuc vo ch thy vn, lng nc
sinh hot, cng nghip, ch ti tiu trong nng nghip. Hin ti ngun nc dng
chy chnh vo sng y do ma trn lu vc v mt s sng nh sng Nhu. Cht lng nc
sng Nhu tng lc, ph thuc vo thi gian m cng Lin Mc, tng ni vt gii hn
cho php
i vi cht lng nc loi B, khng p ng c nhu cu cung cp cho sn xut. Nu
khng c bin php ngn nga khc phc, x l nhim kp thi th tng lai khng xa
ngun nc sng Nhu, sng y khng th s dng cho sn xut c. Thc t cho thy c
rt nhiu vn cn c gii quyt trong bo v ti nguyn v mi trng nc lu vc sng
Nhu - sng y. Cc vn cp bch nht l: Mi trng nc lu vc b nhim do sn xut
cng nghip v th cng nghip ngy cng gia tng. Ngun nc thi do hot ng nng
nghip cha ng cc ha cht tr su, dit c, bo qun hoa qu, kch thch sinh
trng cng ang gia tng. Ngun thi sinh hot ca trn 3 triu ngi dn sng
trn lu vc, tc tng dn s vn cn ln, v hng chc bnh vin khng c c s x l
cht thi ring. Hnh thi c bit ca lu vc: lng sng dc thng lu, trng thp
trung lu, ca sng b thy triu khng ch. Trong trng hp ma ln hn 200mm,
sng Nhu khng kh nng tiu ng, gy ngp ng cc b. Khi l sng Hng ln phi
phn l vo sng y v s c nguy c gy ngp lt v nhim mi trng trn din rng.
Lng sng y ang b thu hp, gy cn kit cc b vo ma kh, tc nghn dng chy,
nh hng rt ln n kh nng t lm sch ca dng sng. V th ch, chnh sch, phng
php qun l lu vc cha c s thng nht v phn cng trch nhim r rng, cha c s
qun l thng nht v ng b gia cc c quan qun l nh nc v bo v mi trng lu
vc v cc a phng trn lu vc, dn ti hiu lc v hiu qu thp trong vic qun
l, bo v mi trng lu vc. Ri ro mi trng do l lt v ng ngp l nguy c ln i
vi lu vc. Lng sng b bi lp, thng ngun b xi l gy cn kit nc v ma kh v
l lt vo ma ma, nhiu trng b ngp lt, mt s khu vc quan trng v dn sinh
v kinh t tr thnh h cha chm l khi cn x l sng Hng. Vic xy dng c s d
liu v mi trng lu vc sng cha c quan tm, cc thng tin cn thit cn thiu,
cha c cp nht, h thng quan trc mi trng nc cha p ng c cc yu cu ca cng
tc qun l mi trng lu vc.
thc bo v ti nguyn v mi trng nc ca nhn dn trong lu vc cn thp dn n
tnh trng x rc thi, nc thi xung sng, khai thc lng sng ba bi. Qun l
mt lu vc nh lu vc sng y - sng Nhu l vic khng n gin do s khc bit gia
cc khu vc, cc tnh, cc thnh ph trong lu vc v iu kin t nhin, kinh t -
x hi, v h thng qun l ca cc c quan nh nc, cng nh v nhn thc mi trng
ca nhn dn tng a phng. Trc mt, bo v ti nguyn v mi trng nc ti mt lu
vc quan trng nh lu vc sng y - sng Nhu cn thc hin ngay cc bin php
sau: Cc nh my, x nghip, dch v, lng ngh trn a bn cn nghim tc thc hin
cc lut v quy nh v bo v mi trng; thc hin cc bin php cng ch (k c ng
ca) cc c s sn xut kinh doanh gy nhim mi trng nghim trng m khng c kh
nng gim thiu v di di. Thc hin nghim, c kt qu v ng tin "K hoch x l
trit cc c s gy nhim mi trng nghim trng" c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti
Quyt nh s 64/2003/QTTg ngy 22-42003, c bit u tin vic x l ngay cc c
s nm trn lu vc sng. Cc tnh, thnh ph cn ch ng tng cng kim sot cc
ngun thi; quan trc cht lng nc thng xuyn, lin tc trn ton h thng sng,
c bit l nhng ngun thi ln, nhng im gn v tr gip ranh gia cc a phng
nhm pht hin, ngn chn kp thi nhng s c c th xy ra. Huy ng mi ngun lc
gii quyt vn nhim nc lu vc sng vo ma cn kit: no vt, khi thng dng
chy, bm cp nc b sung t sng Hng vo sng Nhu m bo duy tr lu lng nc phc
v nng nghip v sinh hot cng nh ha long t nhin cc cht gy nhim. Tng
cng cng tc tuyn truyn, vn ng nhn dn hai bn b sng khng x rc thi, nc
thi cha c x l xung sng. Tng cng nng lc qun l mi trng ca cc a phng
trong lu vc v xy dng t chc qun l mi trng lu vc, xy dng v thc hin
ngay n tng th v bo v mi trng lu vc ni chung v ti nguyn v mi trng nc
ni ring.
Hin nay hn ch, gim thiu nhim nc v khc phc tnh trng thiu nc trong
lu vc, B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn lp D n tng ngun nc cho sng y
ti ba khu vc: 1) Tip ngun nc cho sng Tch qua cng trnh Bn Mm ti th x
Sn Ty vi lu lng khong 40 m3/s; 2) Tip ngun nc cho dng chnh sng y
qua cng trnh cm u mi Ht Mn - p y cho php khi thng li dng sng y vi
lu lng khong 50 m3/s; 3) Tip ngun nc cho sng Chu qua cng Tc Giang
vi lu lng khong 40 m3/s. B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn ang khi u D
n mang tn "Lm sng li dng sng y". V phn vng cht lng nc v tim nng s
dng ti nguyn nc Kt qu ca nhiu cng trnh nghin cu cho php a ra cc nh
gi s b theo bng sau y (Xem bng II.7) Bng II.7 nu ln mt cch khi qut
cc bin php s dng hp l, bo v v ci thin ti nguyn v mi trng nc trn lu
vc sng ng Nai - Si Gn. Cng vi cc bin php ny vic trin khai cc bin
php cng ngh v cng trnh x l cht thi th, cng nghip, ci to knh rch, bo
v v pht trin rng u ngun, rng ngp mn l yu cu cp bch c th c ngun ti
nguyn nc di do, cht lng tt cn thit cho s nghip pht trin kinh t - x
hi bn vng trn lu vc quan trng ny.
Lu vc sng Nhu - y Gng mnh v nhim nc thi
Bo v mi trng ni chung v mi trng lu vc sng ni ring, trong c lu vc
sng Nhu - y v ang l mi quan tm thng xuyn ca nhiu c quan, B ngnh v
ca nhn dn a phng thuc lu vc. Ngy 7/10/2010 ti TP.Nam nh, Tng cc Mi
trng (B TN&MT) phi hp vi y ban Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - y,
S TN&MT Nam nh t chc Hi tho Tng cng cng tc Truyn thng bo v mi
trng sng Nhu - y. Theo kt qu iu tra, hng ngy lu vc sng Nhu - y ang
phi tip nhn khong 610.000m3 nc thi sinh hot, trong , TP. H Ni chim
61% lng nc thi; Nam nh chim 15%; Ninh Bnh chim 11%; H Nam chim 9% v
Ha Bnh 4%. Nc thi sinh hot hu ht u cha qua x l, thng vo lu vc sng.
Cc trng Cc qun l cht thi v Ci thin mi trng Nguyn Ha Bnh cnh bo, kt
qu quan trc cho thy, ng nhim cht hu c ca nc thi rt cao lm cht lng
nc sng Nhu v mt on ca sng y b nhim nghim trng, nht l vo ma kh. Ngoi
ra, hng nm, lu vc sng Nhu - y cn tip nhn khong 63 triu m3 nc thi
cng nghip, ng ch , TP. H Ni c lng thi ln nht chim 38%. Nguyn nhn c
bn gy nhim gy nhim mi trng lu vc sng hin nay l do nhn thc, thc chp
hnh php lut v bo v mi trng ca mt b phn c nhn, ch doanh nghip cha
cao. Cc trng Nguyn Ha Bnh cho rng, gim thiu cc nguy c gy nhim mi
trng lu vc sng, ngoi cc cng c v lut php, chnh sch, kinh t, thanh
tra x l vi phm, phi c bit cng tc truyn thng
nng cao nhn thc v cng tc tuyn truyn vn ng nhn dn t gic chp hnh
tt Lut Bo v Mi trng, c nh vy mi trng ni chung v mi trng lu vc sng
mi c m bo. ng trc thc trng nhim mi trng ngy cng gia tng, gy bc xc
trong x hi, trong bi cnh , bo ch vo cuc l phng tin hu hiu trong cng
tc pht hin, ln ting vch trn cc hnh vi vi phm php lut bo v mi trng.
Theo thng k, mi thng c trn 1.000 tin bi ng ti trn cc phng tin thng
tin i chng v ngnh TN&MT, ring lnh vc mi trng c trn 300 tin, bi.
Ngoi ra, bo ch cn l phng tin tuyn truyn ph bin thng tin, kin thc, c
ch chnh sch php lut v TN&MT n vi ngi dn v cc t chc gp phn nng
cao nhn thc cng ng, c v cc gng in hnh tin tin, nhn t mi, xy dng pht
trin v nng cao v th, uy tn ca B TN&MT.
V trng V Thi ua Khen thng L Vn Hp trnh by tham lun V trng V Thi
ua Khen thng L Vn Hp cho rng, thng qua h thng bo ch, B TN&MT kp
thi nm bt c c cc phn hi t x hi v nhng kh khn vng mc trong qu trnh t
chc thc hin c ch, chnh sch php lut qun l TN&MT. Qua , tin hnh r
sot, ch ng sa i b sung cho ph hp vi thc tin i sng x hi.
Hn 10 bo co tham lun c trnh by ti Hi tho to ra din n su rng, cc
c quan qun l Nh nc v mi trng v Lnh o cc ngnh, a phng cng vi c quan
tuyn truyn tm ra cc nh hng, gii php bo v ngun nc sng Nhu - y trong
thc ti v tng lai.
Lu vc sng Nhu - y gia tng nhim ngun nc (Xun Hp - Monre)
Ph Ch UBND tnh Nam nh Trn Vn Chung cho bit, theo n tng th bo v
mi sng Nhu - y n nm 2020, tnh Nam nh tin hnh thu gom v x l rc thi
sinh hot hp v sinh t 95% ; 60% rc thi sinh hot khu vc nng thn c thu
gom chon lp. T nm 2009 n nay, tnh tin hnh thanh, kim tra khong 400
c s, x l vi phm gn 900 triu ng. Hon thnh th tc a 4/6 c s gy nhim mi
trng ra khi
danh sch Quyt nh 64, 100% cc c s sn xut mi u t xy dng cc thit b
gim thiu nhim, x l cht thi t tiu chun mi trng. Ngoi ra, tnh ang thc
hin D n no vt v kin c ha sng y khu vc Ninh Bnh, no vt knh mng, x l
mi trng nc ti khu vc trung tm huyn Yn. Gi phn hi In Quy hoch h thng
thot nc v x l nc thi khu vc dn c, khu cng nghip lu vc sng Nhu-sng y
HN n nm 2030 22/04/2011 22:13
Thc hin nhim v Chnh ph giao cho B Xy dng nghin cu, xy dng Quy
hoch h thng thot nc v x l nc thi khu vc dn c, khu cng nghip cc lu
vc sng; theo ngh ca Cc trng Cc H tng k thut,ngy 20/4/2011 B trng B
Xy dng ban hnh Quyt nh ph duyt nhim v Quy hochh thng thot nc v x l
nc thi khu dn c, khu cng nghip lu vc sng Nhu - sng y n nm 2030. Phm
vi nghin cu: Ton b din tch lu vc sng sng Nhu - sng y (khong 7.665
km2) thuc ranh gii hnh chnh ca 5 tnh/thnh ph: H Ni,Ha Bnh,H Nam,
Nam nh v Ninh Bnh. Phm vi lp quy hoch: i vi khu vc th v khu cng
nghip,Quy hoch thot nc v x l nc thi.i vi khu dn c tp trung nng thn:
nh hng v thot nc v x l nc thi. Quan im quy hoch: Ph hp vi Quy hoch
tng th pht trin kinh t x hi; Quy hoch s dng t; n tng th bo v mi
trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt nh s
57/2008/Q-TTg ngy 29/4/2008; nh hng pht trin thot nc th v khu cng
nghip Vit Nam n nm 2025 v tm nhn n nm 2050 ti Quyt nh s 1930/Q-TTg
ngy 20/11/2009 ca Th tng Chnh ph; cc quy hoch chuyn ngnh khc c lin
quan.. Quy hoch h thng thot nc v x l nc thi cho cc khu dn c v cc
khu cng
nghip, la chn cu trc mng ng thot nc cng nh cng ngh x l ph hp nhm
gp phn ci thin iu kin v sinh, bo v mi trng, t hiu qu cao v kinh t,
x hi, thch ng v gim thiu cc tc ng ca bin i kh hu.. y mnh x hi ha,
tng cng qun l nh nc v ng dng khoa hc cng ngh ph hp nhm trin khai cc
gii php x l nhim, phng chng ng ngp c hiu qu; pht huy ni lc kt hp vi
m rng hp tc quc t bo v tt mi trng lu vc sng Nhu sng y. Mc tiu lp
quy hoch: C th ha n tng th bo v mi trngmi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng
y n nm 2020 c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt ti Quyt nh s 57/2008/Q-TTg ngy
29/4/2008.p ng yu cu qun l Nh nc v hot ng thot nc v x l nc thi.Lm c
s cho vic lp v trin khai cc d n u t xy dng h thng thot nc v x l nc
thi trong lu vc sng Nhu sng y. Tng cng quan trc mi trng lu vc sng
Nhu - sng y Th hai, ngy 28 thng 02 nm 2011 cp nht lc 15:33
Sau khi n tng th bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y n nm duyt
(29/4/2008), cng tc theo di, nh gi din bin hin trng nhim mi trn cng
tng bc c tng cng v hon thin. Tng cc Mi trng tin hnh quan trc mi
trng vi tn s nh k 12 ln liu quan trc mi trng ca Trung ng, cc a phng
cng xy dng v tin hnh trng ring. Thnh ph H Ni tin hnh quan trc 48 ca
x trc tip vo sng Nh huyn T Lim v qun H ng, trong nh gi cht lng v lu
lng x thi c Tnh Ninh Bnh quan trc vi tn sut 4 ln/nm ti cc vng c
nguy c nhim cao nh Hong Long, sng Vc. Tnh H Nam do thnh ph Ph L s
dng ngun nc sng cung cp nc phc v cho thnh ph nn thng xuyn theo di,
ly mu phn tch nh nc sng Nhu - sng y, thng bo kp thi cho nhn dn bit
hn ch thit hi d trng nc gy ra. Tnh Nam nh tin hnh quan trc mi trng
nh k 2 ln/nm. thc hin c hiu qu cc ni dung ca n tng th trong giai on
2011 - 20 v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y, cc B, ngnh v UBND cc tnh
thnh tro mnh cng tc thanh tra, kim tra, x l cc c s gy nhim nghim
trng. Cc c qu cc a phng phi hp cht ch vi nhau cng xy dng v a vo h
thng quan trc c
ti nguyn - mi trng nhm chia s thng tin kp thi gia cc tnh, thnh
ph trn lu v Hin nay ngun kinh ph u t cho cc lu vc sng cha c giao c
th cho c y ban lu vc nn rt thiu ch ng. Do cc nhim v c th ca tng a
phng c ban thm nh trnh vi Chnh ph, B Ti chnh phn b ngn sch hng nm
cho tng nh u nm. B Ti nguyn v Mi trng phi hp vi cc a phng tng cng
cng t nng cao nhn thc cng ng v n lu vc sng Nhu - sng y cng nh cng
trng ni chung. Ni dung v mc tiu ca cc hot ng ph bin nng cao nhn thc
vo cc n tng th bo v mi trng ca mi tnh. Cc hot ng phi hp gia nguyn v
mi trng vi cc t chc chnh tr x hi cn cht ch thng xuyn nhm tc x hi ha
bo v mi trng. Nguyn Hng ip Gn bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y vi
pht trin bn vng kinh te x hi
Trong nm 2010, y ban Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y (y ban)
v UBND 5 tnh/TP trong lu vc tch cc, ch ng trin khai n tng th bo v
mi trng lu vc sng Nhu - sng y ( n sng Nhu - y) v t c mt s kt qu kh
quan. Tuy nhin, nhim mi trng nc ti mt s khu vc trn lu vc c xu hng
tng hn so vi nm 2009, c bit l ti khu vc chy qua TP H Ni. Ngun lc u
t cho cng tc qun l, bo v mi trng (BVMT) ca mt s a phng cn thp. K
hoch trin khai n lu vc sng (LVS) Nhu - y ca cc tnh/TP c ban hnh
nhng ni dung cha bm st cc ch tiu ca n. Bn cnh , cc thnh vin y ban l
lnh o cc B, ngnh, a phng hot ng theo ch kim nhim. ng thi, Vn phng y
ban cn thiu v lc lng v c s vt cht nn vn cha pht huy c hiu qu trong
cng tc iu hnh v t chc thc hin cc nhim v c giao. bo m hon thnh cc ch
tiu ra ca n sng Nhu - y nm 2011 v giai on 2011 - 2015, y ban kin
ngh B TN&MT, cc B, c
quan ngang B c cc thnh vin tham gia y ban v c bit l UBND cc
tnh/TP trn lu vc cn tp trung thc hin ng b cc gii php trong nm 2011.
Cn c c im tnh hnh cng tc ch o ti a phng trong thi gian qua thnh lp
Ban ch o n sng Nhu - y theo tinh thn Cng vn s 5181/VPCP-KGVX ngy
26/7/2010 ca Vn phng Chnh ph v vic trin khai cc n BVMT LVS. Trn c s
, xy dng v t chc thc hin K hoch chi tit trin khai n sng Nhu y nm
2011 v giai on 2011 - 2015, gn BVMT LVS Nhu - y vi pht trin bn vng
KT - XH ca a phng mnh. Ring nm 2011, cn u tin b tr kinh ph v ngun
lc xy dng cc h thng x l nc thi tp trung pht sinh t cc khu th, lng
ngh, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut...; no vt, khi thng dng chy m bo cn
bng nc phc v ti tiu trn lu vc. y mnh cng tc kim tra, thanh tra v
BVMT v ti nguyn nc. Tuyn truyn, ph bin, nng cao nhn thc cng ng v
cng tc BVMT ni chung v nhim v ca n sng Nhu - y ni ring. Nm 2011 v
cc nm tip theo phi thc hin nghim tc quy ch bo co kt qu trin khai n
sng Nhu - y, trong phi nh gi kt qu t c ca tng ch tiu trong n. Bn
cnh , xy dng v trnh Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt Quy hoch tng th BVMT LVS
sng Nhu - y n nm 2015 v nh hng n nm 2020 thng nht thc hin. Phi hp
vi y ban nghin cu, xut vi Chnh ph thay i chc nng nhim v v m hnh qun
l ca y ban, Vn phng y ban t hiu qu hn. Nghin cu, xy dng c ch c th h
tr t ngn sch TW cho cc cng trnh x l nc thi th, cht thi rn, no vt,
chnh trang, nng cp sa cha h thng , cng, trm bm trn lu vc, c ch phn
b kinh ph trong n sng Nhu - y c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt. Khn trng
trin khai cc d n ci to, nng cp cc cng trnh thy li trn LVS Nhu theo
ch o ca Th tng Chnh ph ti Quyt nh s 937/2009/Q-TTg ngy 10/7/2009 v
vic ph duyt Quy hoch tiu nc h thng sng Nhu. ng thi, xy dng cc d n
hp tc quc t, tm kim cc ngun ti tr quc t y nhanh tin trin khai n sng
Nhu - y, u tin tm ngun vn h tr cc tnh/TP y nhanh xy dng cc h thng x
l nc thi, cht thi rn tp trung pht sinh t cc khu th, lng ngh, khu
cng nghip, khu ch xut...
Mt khc, ngh cc ng ch thnh vin y ban nghim tc thc hin Quy ch lm
vic ca y ban, tham gia y cc cuc hp thng nin v bt thng ca y ban v c
nhng ng gp tch cc hot ng ca y ban t hiu qu cao hn. Vn phng y ban ln
k hoch thnh lp on cng tc n c, kim tra, nh gi tnh hnh trin khai n ca
cc tnh/TP trn lu vc vo thng 6 v thng 10/2011. T chc Hi ngh ln th ba
ca y ban sng Nhu - y vo thng 11/2011 ti tnh Nam nh nhm tng kt, nh
gi kt qu trin khai n sng Nhu - y ca cc tnh/TP trn lu vc nm 2011 v
phng hng hot ng cc nm tip theo. D. TCMT 03/2011 Gi phn hi In Bo v
mi trng lu vc sng Nhu-sng y n nm 2020 07/05/2008 " n tng th bo v mi
trng lu vc sng Nhu-sng y n nm 2020" va c Th tng Chnh ph ph duyt vi
vn u t trn 3 nghn t ng nhm x l nhim, khi phc li hin trng mi trng
thin nhin xanh, sch, p vn c ca dng sng v lu vc sng Nhuy. n bo v mi
trng lu vc sng Nhu-y gm 12 d n u tin. Tng kinh ph trin khai, thc
hin 12 d n trn c tnh khong 3.335 t ng. S vn ny c huy ng t ngn sch
trung ng; ngn sch a phng; Qu Bo v mi trng Vit Nam; vn u t ca cc
doanh nghip hot ng sn xut, kinh doanh v dch v trn lu vc; vn vin tr
khng hon li; vn cho vay tn dng u i v s h tr, ti tr ca cc c nhn
trong v ngoi nc. Gim thiu mc gia tng nhim Nhim v t ra l phi iu tra
b sung, nh gi y hin trng v lm
r cc nguyn nhn, cc ngun thi ch yu gy nhim ngun nc, nhim mi trng
lu vc sng Nhu-y. Bn cnh , ch ng tng cng kim sot ngun thi ca cc nh
my, x nghip, lng ngh, c s y t, cc c s kinh doanh dch v trn a bn. ng
thi, ngn chn v x l nghim cc hnh vi rc thi, ph liu ba bi, ln chim
dng sng nhm n nh dng chy ph hp vi quy lut t nhin v h thng cng trnh
thy li dc hai b sng. Khc phc nhim nng Cc gii php thc hin n bao gm
ci to, xy dng mi h thng thot nc ma, nc thi sinh hot ring cho cc th
v khu dn c; ci to cc cng trnh thy li, cng ly nc, tiu thot nc, cc
trm bm ti, tiu. Tin hnh no vt nhng on sng quan trng, k b nhng on
sng xung yu, bo m dng chy n nh. Bn cnh cc bin php trn l cc gii php
nhm nng cao nng lc t chc, qun l bo v mi trng; sm thnh lp v a vo hot
ng y ban Bo v mi trng lu vc sng Nhu-y. ng thi, tng cng nghin cu
khoa hc, khuyn khch vic ng dng cc tin b k thut, khoa hc cng ngh mi,
thn thin vi mi trng, cc cng ngh x l cht thi tin tin vo hot ng bo v
mi trng lu vc 2 dng sng ny.
