Cell Structures and Functions
Animal Cell
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
1. Cell Membrane
� Function: allows certain materials in and out of the cell.
� Nickname: “The Gate”
� Structure that forms the outer boundary of the cell
Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
2. Cytoplasm
� Function: to hold all organelles in place to allow them to carry out the life processes of the cell.
� Structure: gel-like material that is found inside the cell membrane and the outside of the nucleus.
Section 7-2
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
3. Nucleus
� Nickname: “The Control Center”
� Function: holds the DNA
� Parts:
1. Nucleolus: dark spot in the middle of the nucleus that helps make ribosomes
2. Nucleus Membrane: is a double membrane that surrounds to nucleus
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. Ribosomes
� Function: makes proteins
� Found in all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Ribosomes
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
� Nickname: “Roads”, “Conveyer belt”
� Function: To move materials from one part of the cell to another
� The ER extends from the nucleus to the cell membrane
Endoplasmic Reticulum
� 2 Types:
1. Rough ER:
� Rough appearance because it has ribosomes
� Function: helps make proteins, that’s why it has ribosomes
2. Smooth ER:
� NO ribosomes
� Function: makes fats or lipids
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. Golgi Apparatus
� Nickname: “The shippers” or “FedEx”
� Function: packages, modifies, and transports materials to different location inside/outside of the cell
� Appearance: stack of pancakes
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
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Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
5. Lysosomes: circular, but bigger than ribosomes)
� Nickname: “Clean-up Crews”
� Function: to break down food into particles the rest of the cell can use and to destroy old cells
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
7. Mitochondria
� Nickname: “The Powerhouse”
� Structure: Bean shape and has two membranes
� Function: Energy formation
� Breaks down food to make ATP
� ATP: is the major fuel for all cell activities that require energy
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosomes
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Cell Membrane
Cytoplasm
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
8. Centrioles
� Function: During animal cell division, the centrosome divides and the centrioles replicate (make new copies).
� Not in plant cells.
Animal Cell
Nucleus
Nucleolus Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Centrioles
Cell Membrane
Mitochondria
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Golgi Bodies
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Cytoplasm
Vacuoles
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
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Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
9. Vacuoles
� Function: Temporary storage of water, foods, pigments, waste or other materials.
� In plants:
� Bigger in plant cells than animal cells.
� This is what makes lettuce crisp
� When there is no water, the plant wilts
� Now let’s talk about structures only found in PLANT Cells!!
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
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Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
10. Chloroplasts
� Function: traps energy from the sun to produce food for the plant cell
� Green in color because of chlorophyll, which is a green pigment
Chloroplasts
Section 7-2
Figure 7-5 Plant and Animal Cells
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Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Eukaryotic Cell Organelles and Function
11. Cell Wall
� Function: provides support and protection to the cell membrane
� Found outside the cell membrane in plant cells
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
Vacuole
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Cytoplasm
Comparing Plant and Animal Cells
Plant Animal