Download ppt - Cell Biology Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope Schleiden and Schwann

Cell Biology

Robert Hooke, and his drawing of cells

Van Leeuwenhoek and his microscope

Schleiden and Schwann

Cell BiologyI.Overview A. Types of Cells

1. Prokaryotic Cells(eubacteria and archaea)

- no nucleus - no organelles

- binary fission- small (0.2 – 2.0 um)


1. Prokaryotic Cells

- biofilms

Staphyloccocus aureus biofilm


1. Prokaryotic Cells2. Eukaryotic Cells(protists, plants, fungi, animals)

- nucleus - organelles - mitosis - larger (10-100 um)


1. Prokaryotic Cells2. Eukaryotic Cells

B. How Cells Live - take stuff in



B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed)

ADP +P ATP

mitochondria



B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed)

and - transform radiant energy to chemical energy

ADP +P ATP

mitochondria

ADP +P ATP

chloroplast



B. How Cells Live - take stuff in - break it down and harvest energy (enzymes needed) - use energy to make stuff (like enzymes and other

proteins,and lipids,

polysaccharides, and nucleic acids)

- DNA determines sequence of amino acids in enzymes and other proteins

ADP +P ATPribosome

ADP +P ATPribosome

Cell BiologyI.OverviewII. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure

1. phospholipids

Cell BiologyI.OverviewII. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure

2. proteins and carbohydrates

Cell BiologyI.OverviewII. Membranes – How Things Get in and Out of Cells A. Membrane Structure B. Membrane Function

1. semi-permeable barrier

Aqueous Solution (inside cell)

dissolved ions

dissolved polar molecules

suspended non-polar(lipid soluble)

Aqueous Solution (outside cell)

dissolved ions

dissolved polar molecules

suspended non-polar(lipid soluble)


1. semi-permeable barrier2. transport

Net diffusion Net diffusion equilibrium


1. semi-permeable barrier2. transport - diffusion

Net diffusion Net diffusion equilibriumNet diffusion Net diffusion Equilibrium

Net diffusion Net diffusion Equilibrium


1. semi-permeable barrier2. transport - osmosis


1. semi-permeable barrier2. transport – facilitated diffusion


1. semi-permeable barrier2. transport – active transport

Cytoplasmic Na+ bonds tothe sodium-potassium pump

Na+ binding stimulatesphosphorylation by ATP.

Phosphorylation causesthe protein to change itsconformation, expelling Na+

to the outside.

Extracellular K+ bindsto the protein, triggeringrelease of the phosphategroup.

Loss of the phosphaterestores the protein’soriginal conformation.

K+ is released and Na+

sites are receptive again;the cycle repeats.


1. semi-permeable barrier2. transport3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane)4. signal transduction


1. semi-permeable barrier2. transport3. metabolism (enzymes nested in membrane)4. signal transduction5. cell-cell binding6. cell recognition7. cytoskeleton attachment

Study Questions: 1. List three differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. 2. What is a biofilm? 3. Describe the function of mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and liposomes. 4. Why is the lipid bilayer a barrier to water soluble molecules? 5. Describe diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport. 6. How does solute concentration and pressure affect water potential and osmosis.