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8/9/2019 Causes of Delay in construction projects in Pakistan

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Causes of

Delay/Postponement in

Construction-Projects of

Pakistan

Farooq Rashid

Aisha

Naz

SZABIST Islamabad SZABIST Islamabad

Islamabad Pakistan Islamabad Pakistan

AbstractConstruction delays are common roblem in

ro!ects o" Pakistan# These roblems occur

"requently durin$ ro!ect li"e%time leadin$ to

disutes and liti$ation# There"ore& it is essential

to study and analyze causes o" construction

delays# 'elay is one o" the most common&

imortant and serious roblem (hich imacts

the time "actor (ith relation to cost o" ro!ects in

the Construction Industry# The three main causes

o" time%delays included chan$in$ orders&

o(ners) "inancial constraints and o(ners) lack o"

e*erience in the construction business#

Re$ardin$ cost o+erruns& the three main causes

(ere identi"ied as contractor%related roblems&

material%related roblems and& a$ain& o(ners

,"inancial constraints# The minimization o" time

delays and cost o+erruns in ro!ects (ould

require- the a+ailability o" adequate "unds&

allocation o" su""icient time and money at the

desi$n hase& and selection o" a cometent

consultant and a reliable contractor to carry out

the (ork#

Key terms

Construction industry& corrution& schedule

delay& "ianc. o+errun

Introduction-

This is e*cetionally un"ortunate that the

de+eloment business does not areciate

$reat notoriety re$ardless o" the certainty it

is one o" the bi$$est di+ision o" Pakistan# It

$i+es (ide oenin$s "or (ork in di""erent

nations and in Pakistan and additionally

holds si$ni"icant commitment to(ards

de+eloment o" /'P# 'e+eloment

delay0de"erral sa( as a standout amon$st the

most (idely reco$nized issues in the

de+eloment business# 'e"ers un"a+orably

in"luence on undertakin$ contractor&

stakeholders includin$ o(ner& construction

e*erts& de+eloment e*erts& clients and

others#

Numerous e*amination endea+ors ha+e been

made to study reason "or ostonement in

di+erse nations0countries 12arzouk and

Tarek I# 3l%Rasas&4564 7 e#$# in the #united

States& atmoshere& (ork suly& and sub%

builder (ere "ound to be the hu$e

e*lanation behind delay in de+eloment

ro!ects# Poor risk or$anization& oor

suer+ision& un"oreseen site conditions&

moderate decision makin$ includin$

assortment& and central mi*ture satis"iesdesires are the rule de"erral comonents in

8on$ 9on$#united 1Bordoli and Bald(in &

6::;7#


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Pakistan# Thus (e shall conduct a three

dimensional study (hich e+entually

considers all the ma!or layers o" this

$ame%% the contractors& /o+ernment and

consultants#

Ad+ancements in the de+eloment business

are hu$e in size& inno+ation intricacy&

interdeendencies& and +arieties in requests

"rom customers In de+eloment&

ostonement could be characterized as the

schedule in+ade either ast "ruition date

detailed in an a$reement or ast the date that

the $atherin$s concurred uon "or

con+eyance o" an undertakin$# It is +ital that

acti+ities to be "inished inside the

determined undertakin$s schedule#

Schedule and "ianc. are +ery imortant "or a

ro!ect and tyically called the bein$ "or the

mana$ement and the contractor# For the

contractor& delay means ro!ect schedule

eriod is lon$ so o+erhead "ianc.s is hi$h

because o" lon$er (ork eriod& material

"ianc. is hi$h because o" in"lation this is

because (hen a ro!ect comlete late it can

disallo( emloyers the ro"its or bene"its

that $ather throu$h utilization o" the

+enture0ro!ects and may like(ise oen

them to $enuine bud$etary and "inancial

dan$ers& "or e*amle& hi$h remium rates

and mis"ortune o" business $ood "ortunes#

n the builders side& ostone in "ruition

in+ol+es e*tra "ianace $atherin$ "rom

de+eloed site o""ice o+erheads& (ork andequiment standby e*enses and other

immaterial "iance& "or e*amle& oen door

"ianace# there is numerous elements include

in this rocess so it is uncommon in

de+eloment undertakin$ "inish in its

arran$ed schedule it is a $reat si$n ho(e+er

in de+eloment +entures0ro!ects but it once

in a (hile haen# schedulely con+eyance o"

acti+ities inside e+aluated lan assessed

schedule and (ith strikin$ quality (hich

seci"ied by the customer is a "ile o" "ruit"ul

task con+eyance# Det (hen ne$lect to

accomlish indicated schedule& lanned

e*ense and e*cetional quality it in"luences

ad+ersely on tasks# In this case normal

ractices ermit a rate o" the +enture "ianace

as a ossibility recomense in the a$reement

"ianc. and also contract $atherin$s

concurred u on the additional schedule and

e*ense connected (ith ostonement& by

and lar$e there is issues bet(een the o(nerand contractor in the matter o" (hether the

builder (as quali"ied "or case the additional

"ianace because in Pakistan there is an issue

o" corrution# Such circumstances& there is

ha+e to think about the reason "or

ostonement (hich con"ronts builder in

de"ined +enture# So e""ortlessly "i$ure out

the real urose "or the delay# 'esite these

imacts& it is un"ortunately all e*cessi+ely

normal that most tasks are not "inishedinside the concurred contract eriod and at

the "ianace it (as tendered "or#

=iterature Re+ie(

/eneral-

Construction de"erral0delay is +ie(ed as astandout amon$st the most reeatin$ issues

in the construction business# 'elay has an

ad+erse e""ect on undertakin$ achie+ementre$ardin$ schedule& e*ense& and quality#

The imacts o" construction ostonements

are not limited to the construction business

!ust& additionally imact the $eneraleconomy o" a country like Pakistan& (here

construction assumes a real art in its

imro+ement and contributes# In Pakistan


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(hen (e searate our economy into the

areas (e see that our 6: is "ocused around

the construction (hich is a si$ni"icant someiece o" our country#

So&it is "undamental to characterize the mosthu$e reason "or de"erral to e+ade or

minimize their e""ect on construction

ro!ects# Causes o" ostonement or delay

could be clari"ied as indicated by the 1 AN##9hhaomirzya& ho(dy #e At raslh&45667

'elay in Pro!ect 3*cusable de"er Non%

3*cusable Comensable Non%Comensable#one o" the basic issues con"ronted by the

Pakistan construction industry is the re$ular

and rotracted ostones in such ro!ects#'elay in construction undertakin$s is a

tyical certainty and an unreasonable

roblem# Construction delay issues inPakistan (ere discussed in numerous studies

and break do(n the causes that hel

construction delays# Consequences o" this

study sho(ed that the real reason "orde"erral in construction industry o" Pakistan

is- oor contract administration& unlikely

lannin$& absence o" holders"inancin$0installment "or "inished (ork&

outline ad!ustments throu$hout construction&

calendar de"ers and de"iciencies in materials&

"or e*amle& cement and steel# The most

critical reason "or de"erral includeddebasement& corrution& terrorism& delays in

installments to builders and the ensuin$

money stream issues throu$houtconstruction& con"i$uration ro$ressions&

clashes in (ork schedule o" subcontractors&

moderate choice makin$ and o""icialor$anization in the mana$ers associations&

lan "ailures& (ork lack and insu""icient

(ork skills# 'ue to the imact o"

multinational "irms& the startin$accumulation o" ostonement reasons

rundo(n relied on uon uni+ersal studies

and "urther analyzed a$ainst the reasons

reco$nized in Pakistan# Some ro!ects are!ust a coule o" days behind the calendarE

some are ostoned o+er months# So it isaramount to think about the real Causes o"

ostonement to minimize and kee a(ay

"rom the delay in any construction ro!ect#No( in the ne( schedule ro!ects utilizes

ne( aroach called the "ast track aroach#

This has romted the need to inoint

recisely the si$ni"icant reason "or de"er thatmust be obser+ed throu$hout the (hole

eriods o" the ro!ect#

There is like(ise ro$rammin$ accessible(hich (ould ermit e*edient access to

e*tend delay data and mo+ement

contributions#"inancial o+errun

Cost o+errun is characterized as e*ansion

in $enuine "inance o+er lan# Financeo+errun is additionally here and there called

"inance escalation&"inance build& or

lan0bud$et o+errun# Fianacial o+errun ischaracterized as the alter in a$reement o"

sum di+ision by the basically builder honor

sum # comutation mi$ht chan$ed o+ercountry (ith country#"inancial o+errun G Final a$reement rice H

ri$inal a$reement rice actual a$reement

rice


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Choudhry 1455@7 clari"ied the cost0"inanceo+errun such as distinction (ith the ori$inal

"ianc. e+aluation o" +entures and real0actual

de+eloment "inance on "inish o" (orks# The$ood comletion o" de+eloment ro!ect

construction acti+ities and (ithin the bud$et

and a""irmed bud$et rely uon a methodthat# this is not areciable "or builders&

e*erts on the other hand& numerous tasks

e*erience (ide de"ers and alon$ these lines

surass schedule and "inance estimates# an other issue is ob+ious (ith

con+entional and traditional kind a$reement

this tye o" a$reement honored to the most

minimal %bidder% the $rantin$ technique bythe lar$er

art o" ublic +entures in risin$ nationsincludin$ Pakistan#

Imro+in$ construction roducti+ity by

method "or "inance e""ecti+eness and

scheduleliness (ould ositi+ely hel "inance

reser+es "or the o+erall# 3*ertions controlled

to "inance and schedule adequacy connected

throu$h o+erseein$ schedule and e*ense&

this study "ocused on by means o" e*lorin$

schedule and "inance o+erruns o"

de+eloment +entures in our country

akistan#A money related comonent is a

standout amon$st the most basic

comonents are the reason "or ostones in

de+eloment +entures# 1%Ala$hbari% et al&

455J

'r Tahir Na(as di+ide "inance o+errun into

"i+e domains#

6#Finance +erruns 'ue to /o+ernment

K =ack o" Funds

K =ack o" Control o+er rice

K


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K Frequent Chan$es durin$

3*ecution

K =ack o" In+ol+ement inPlannin$ sta$e

K /old lattin$ "rom

ContractorK Slo(ness in 'ecision

2akin$

K Chan$e o" 'esi$nK 'isrution in Cash%"lo(s

K Poor Communications

K Insu""icient Funds

M# Finance +errun due to ther Factors#

K 3*treme


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chan$es in ro!ect concetion& ro!ects

commitments& delay0de"er in decision

makin$& $ettin$ mana$ers aro+al&di""iculties in $ettin$ a (ork $rant&

corresondence and coordicountry issues#

Chan and 9umaras (amy ha+e done are+ie( to assess the relati+e imortance o"

;? comonents o" otential ostones in

construction ro!ects in 8on$ 9on$# They(atched that M si$ni"icant reason "or due

date slia$e related to mismana$ement o"

dan$er& terrible suer+ision& state o" the site&

ostone in takin$ choices& "luctuatin$ clientneeds& +ariety o" (orkin$ schedule#

Corrution-

arious meanin$s o" corrut ractice e*ist&makin$ it troublesome to underin#

Basically& (hat is corrut to one man may

be +ie(ed as normal ractice to an alternate#

Case in oint& the 455> CIB Corrution

study "ound that around 4M o" resondents

"elt that tolerant or dis$uisin$ "i*es (as

either not e*cetionally corrut or not

corrut (hatsoe+er# Transarency Inter

nationals Bribe Payers Inde* reort "rom

4566 demonstrates that the constructionbusiness is the most corrut se$ment as "ar

and (ide as ossible#

The intricate and di+ided nature o" the

business $i+es an en+ironment tode"ilement& (ith +arious members in the

suly chain cometin$ "or hi$h esteem

contracts# 'e"ilement can take numerousshaes and structures inside the business&

(ith instances o" ay o"" to acquire

arran$in$ authorization& the e*a$$eratin$ o"lan& the control o" installment requisitions&

and lot to imart and artition the business#

2oreo+er& issues in "ollo(in$ installmentsand "luctuatin$ la("ul re$ulations can

encoura$e corrut conduct $lobally#


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As indicated by Oadir 1455?7 in Pakistan a

ercenta$e o" the "undamental uroses

behind ost%"reedom de"ilement are-a7 /round A(ards- decision o" a lar$e

number o" (ithout a roo" o+er head

throu$h ortion the $rounds "allin$ backon debasement# Fake cases (ere

a""irmed (ith assi$n

b7 In another sector called as ri+ate in the6:J5 to 6:;5 and e+en in 6::5 an

e*tensi+e total eole in $eneral (as

abused (ith this oen cash near about

6? billon to 6@ billion ruees into therecords o" these or$anizations#

c7 Pakistan& s dru$ money is a bi$ roblem

'ru$ 2oney- Pakistan sa( the assa$e

o" medication cash in the early ;5sactuatin$ debasement (ith "orti"yin$ the

antiestablishment economy# e7 Forei$nAid and In+estment-

$7 In"ormal structure o" National 3conomy-

A casual and undocumented economycouled (ith careless methodolo$y $a+e

imressi+e oen doors to the business $rou

"or un%reasonable ractices#

h7 Institutional 3rosion-The or$anizations authoritati+e& o""icial

(ith le$al ne$lected create an arran$ementand equalizations# r$anizational

disaointment is one o" the rimary dri+er

o" debasement in our country# Pay o"" is a

real test indi""erent countries as (ell as in

India# International comanies in 4564

ranked this country :@ "rom the 6J>

countries and 6: 1"rom the 4;7 indi+idually&

demonstratin$ the si$ni"icance o" the

sub!ect#

Another roblem o" called Bribes in

$o+ernment authorities is still $enuine

dan$er Indias score has deteriorated in

last year)s# In a "e( schedules& authorities

e*ected re(ards a"ter comletin$ their task

o""icials to dischar$e undertakin$ trusts& "or

instance& (here they hold stores o"

contributor or$s# 2oney related control to

$et "inancin$ ro"its romoters or

manu"acturers may control bud$etary

articulations and +aluations to acquire

"inancin$ on esecially +aluable oints# In

international sur+ey "or the "rauds& India has

6> resondents (ere ready to misquote

"inancial resentation& essentially suerior

than normal# recent

"eeble records mana$e oorly records

administration de"ecti+ely created"rame(orks $i+e an oen door to the control

o" ossession documentation& includin$ title

to land ri$hts# Constrained or questionabledata in ractice& it is "requently troublesome

"or or$anizations to lead due deli$ence on

contractor& subcontractors and e*ecutorsbecause o" oor data# The resentation o"

interestin$ identi"iers "or or$anizations and

the /o+ernment may enhance the

circumstance# Any(ay acquirin$ to "ul"illand correct recorded data is rone to remain

a challen$e#

Shah% Q% Schacter in 455@ Q =an$seth in

6::: communicated (ith debasement thatthe country articular and shi"ts "rom one

country toan other country and its causeslike(ise "luctuate startin$ (ith one country

then onto the ne*t& ho(e+er this is

concei+able that distin$uish little o" its

enter oints "ocused around in%ro"unditynation studies in (hich Amon$ the rimary

helin$ elements arran$ements& are

e*ercises that are mis$uided (ith o+ersa(&

"allin$ "lat o" resonsibility andtransarency and# ublic ser+ants& "ailin$ too""er an administration mindset#


9/16

suorted it by includin$ that as a rule& it

mi$ht be said that debasement thri+es (here

the "oundations o" $o+ernment areo(erless& (here a le$islatures arran$ement

and administrati+e administration $i+e

de$ree to& in the or$anizations 1 le$al&national society7 are underestimated or these

are tainted there sel+es# It also +ery

imortant to "ocused on that the reason "orcorrution are e*ceedin$ly conte*t oriented&

established in any countrys olitical

imro+ement& la("ul ad+ancement& ublic

history& technical con+entions& in+estmentcircumstances and olicies#

Ouestionnaire-

Ouestionnaire is a method "rom (hich (e

can collect data it also called a sur+ey use to

take oinion my "ocus is is to collect data

"rom the customers& consultants& and

builders on the reasons behind the delay o"

de+eloment ro!ects in our country

akistan sur+ey (as isolated into three

arts# The rimary art asked "or "oundation

data about the resondents# The second

some iece o" the sur+ey concentrated on

reason "or construction delay# The

resondents (ere asked to sho( their

reaction on 6M o+erall ercei+ed

construction delay "actors#

These reasons (ere ordered into the

accomanyin$ three real $atherin$s-

67 Pro!ect "ailure47 Schedule 'elay

Imroer lannin$

Slo( decision makin$

3*treme (eather& la( and

order

Chan$in$ schedule


10/16

Third a iece o" the sur+ey concentrated on

the imacts o" construction ostone in

Pakistan construction industry# The three

imacts o" construction ostonementdistin$uished (ere-

assertion and a$$re$ate abandonment #in last

art# Lse the method called as "i+e%oint

=ikert scale runnin$ "rom N3 1lo(7 to

FI3 1hi$h7 and recei+ed to catch the

si$ni"icance o" circumstances and end

results o" ostonements# The samlin$system utilized as a art o" this study (as

accommodation and sno(ball insectin$#

This e*aminin$ $oes under the class o" non%

likelihood insectin$ methods# As the name

sho(s& test comonents are reco$nized by

com"ort 1comanions7 and throu$h re"erral

systems# This system "or testin$ is "a+ored

(hen it is troublesome to $et reaction "rom

e*amle comonents chose at irre$ular#


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schedule o+errun and "inance o+errun# In

this study corrution& schedule o+errun and

"inance o+errun is taken as indeendent

+ariables and ro!ect "ailure as deendent

+ariable# Intent o" this model is to e*lore

the relationshi bet(een the ro!ect "ailure

and causes o" "ailure such as corrution&

schedule o+errun and "inance o+errun in the

construction industry o" Ra(alindi Q

Islamabad#

Researc# Desi$n

Sample selection

Study oulation consists o" construction

industry o" Islamabad and Ra(alindi "rom

(hich 'escon&N8A& are selected throu$h

simle random samlin$# To assess the

causes o" ro!ect "ailure "aced by these

or$anizations and e+aluate ho( (e can

minimize these causes at mana$ers o"

di""erent le+els "rom the abo+e or$anizations

are selected# The resondents (ere taken

"rom di""erent mana$ement le+els& 8i$her&2iddle& lo(er& and to ensure homo$eneity&

all o" them (ere "rom construction industry#

Data collection met#o%

The study oulation consists o"

construction industry o" Islamabad and

Ra(alindi# A samle o" 455 emloyees (as

selected usin$ the simle random selectionmethod# 6M5 questionnaires (ere distributed

amon$ the resondents but only 655

questionnaires (ere returned (ith useable

data re"lectin$ a resonse# 'ue to lo(

resonse rate& certain or$anizations had to

be e*cluded "rom the samle#

Demo$rap#ic &nformation'

Experien

Resondents e*erience recorded in ?

cate$ories-

6# =ess then M Dears

4# M%65 Dears?# /reater the 65 years

@? o" the resondent lies in the cate$ory o"

M years#?4 are in the M%65 years and 45

are those (ho ha+e the e*erience more

than 65 years#


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"r$ani(ation )ype'

Organizati

Pri+ate or$anization (as J4 and ublic

(ere 4;#

Data analysis for competiti*e strate$y'

To analyze data SPSS 1Statistical Packa$e

"or Social Science7 is emloyed#

Reliability of Sc#e%ule o*errun'

To check the reliability o" instrument I use

reliability test named as Cronbach)s alha

(ith SPSS 6> and "ollo(in$ result ha+e

been "ound#

Reliability Statistics

Cronbachs

Alha N o" Items

#:64 4;


13/16

The reliability tests o" +ariables that are

mentioned in the abo+e table sho( that the

cronbach)s +alue o" M items o" brand

credibility is #>>& and is reliable# The second

+ariable that is schedule o+errun has M items

and the cronbach)s "or these three items

is #>> (hich is assumed reliable# The

reliability test o" the third +ariable

corrution& (hich has M items and (as

reliable because the cronbach)s +alue o"

brand commitment& is #J@# The "ourth

+ariable that is e""ects o" construction delay

has ? items# The cronbach)s +alue is #JM#

The "inal +ariable (as the methoods "or

minimizie the construction delay and had :

items but cronbach)s +alue (as belo( #

:6and it is hi$hly reliable because it is u to

;#

Correlation

CR_INDE

X

TR_Inde

x

COR_INDE

CRUIN'3V 6#555

TRUInde* 5#M55 6#555

CRUIN'3 5#@?J 5#>@>

V

Correlation analysis is the statistical tool

seci"ically used to determine the stren$th

and direction o" relationshi bet(een t(o

+ariables# The +alue o" correlation ran$es

"rom W6 to %6 and both these +alues sho(

hi$hest ositi+e and ne$ati+e relationshi

(here as the +alue 5 sho(s no relationshi#

It can be seen "rom the abo+e table that all

the +ariables are ositi+ely correlated e*cet

bet(een brand identi"ication and brand

credibility althou$h the stren$th o" relation

+aries "rom +ariable to +ariable# Amon$ all

+ariables& the hi$hly correlated +ariable is

corrution (ith schedule o+errun (hich has

the correlation +alue o" #>@># It (as

"ollo(ed by the schedule o+errun and

"inance o+errun (ith the Pearson correlation

+alue o" 5#M55 and is hi$hly si$ni"icant at

the +alue o" 5#65# Pearson correlation

+alues "or corrution and "inance o+errun

comes come out to be 5#@?J& (ith si$ +alue

o" 5#65#


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4.3 Regression Analysis for

Hypothesis Testing

In order to te!t h'pothe!e!(

)ultiple re*re!!ion anal'!i! +a!

u!ed, Fir!t o- all a )odel +e te!t a

co)prehen!ive )odel +here +e

te!t the e.ect o- all the varia&le!

!chedule overrun (nance overrun

and corruption on pro0ect -ailure,

Thi! )odel per)it! u! to anal'1e

the total e.ect o- all the

independent varia&le! and their

direct relation!hip +ith the

dependent varia&le i,e, pro0ect

-ailure,

Si$ is not $reater than 5#65 so (e can

conclude that model is "it "or data#

Coefficientsa

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

B Std. Error Beta

1 (Constant) 1.056 .154 6.

inance

o!err"n#.1$$ .047 #.%0$

$.

Sc&ed"le

o!err"n #.008 .057 #.01' #.

Corr"tion .080 .051 .$04 1.

a. eendent *aria+le, -roect fail"re

ANOVAb

Model S"/ of S"ares f Mean S"are Sig.

1 egression .451 % .150 $.7$6 .04'a

esid"al 5.18$ '4 .055

2otal 5.6%% '7

a. -redictors, (Constant)3 Corr"tion3 inance !err"n3 Sc&ed"le !err"n

+. eendent *aria+le, -roect ail"re


15/16

First #ypot#esis

The null hyothesis states that-

85- Finance o+errun does not a si$ni"icance

e""ect on ro!ect "ailure#

86- Finance o+errun does si$ni"icant e""ecton ro!ect "ailure

Decision rule'

I" X H +alue 5#65& then 8o is re!ected& so XH +alue G 5#566& X 5#65#

There"ore& 8o is re!ected& so Finance

o+errun does si$ni"icant e""ect on ro!ect

"ailure

Secon% #ypot#esisThe null hyothesis states that-

85- Schedule o+errun does not a

si$ni"icance e""ect on ro!ect "ailure#

86- Schedule o+errun does si$ni"icant e""ect

on ro!ect "ailure

Decision rule'

I" X H +alue 5#65& then 8o is re!ected& so X

H +alue G 5#;;:#& X 5#65There"ore& 8o is acceted& so Schedule

o+errun does not a si$ni"icance e""ect on

ro!ect "ailure#

)#ir% #ypot#esis

The null hyothesis states that-

85- corrution does not a si$ni"icance e""ect

on ro!ect "ailure#

86- Corrution does si$ni"icant e""ect on

ro!ect "ailure

Decision rule'

I" X H +alue 5#65& then 8o is re!ected& so X

H +alue G 5#64M#& X 5#65

There"ore& 8o is acceted& so corrution

does not a si$ni"icance e""ect on ro!ect

"ailure#

Results an% Discussion

From this study& a "e( su$$estions are $i+en

as takes a"ter-

The le$islature0$o+ should to de+ise a

success"ul and transarent rocurement

aroach throu$h PPRA to destroy the

corrution and $i"t and also undue imact o"notables#

K Ouick 'esi$n Aro+als#


16/16

and also so"t(are tell the accurate amount

(hich (ill use in seci"ied ro!ect by usin$

last data o" related ro!ect this (ill easy "or

builder to estimate accurate material#

Plannin$

A $ood lannin$ can o+ercome the roblem

o" schedule delay there should be use

di""erent techniques o" acti+ity dia$ram and

di""erent so"t(are ro$rams to lo( the

schedule delay#

2onitorin$ o" chan$es

There should be a board (ho can see the

chan$es order (hich chan$e is in the scoeso there can be $et rid "rom unnecessary

chan$es by the contractor #it can be done

throu$h insection deartment (ho see

e+ery chan$e and chan$e results at e+ery

sta$e so it (ill bene"icial "or the

or$anization to $et rid "rom unnecessary

chan$es#

K A+ailabilities o" Su""icient Funds#

There should be a+ailable "unds "or the

ro!ect on time many ro!ects delayed

because o" de"iciency o" "unds there should

be $ood reutation o" or$anization so i" in

case o" delay in ayment a+ailable lenders

can $i+e credit on request bases# 'ominant

art o" the +entures $et de"erred or deserted

because o" lack o" trusts# The customers

must $uarantee and kee u suly o" storesaccordin$ to money stream requests#

Lnnecessary interrutions o" money streams

or o+er the to monetary controls block the

e*ecution and the ro"it#

KFluctuation in rices

Successi+e business sector chan$es and

+alue trek by "e( business layers ha+e

$enuinely in"luenced the de+eloment

business# The administration0$o+ should to

de+elo rules and re$ulation so it is easy "or

or$anization to kno( about the rices and

there should be stron$ $o+ (ho stable the

rices o" the material and other thin$s# It)s

urely $o+ duty to make rules and re$ulation

re$ardin$ this issue#

K Sa"ety and 8ealth Pro$ram#

This is the most i$nored +ie(oint in

de+eloment ro!ects# The ro!ects $et

ostoned and additionally o+er lanned

because o" sick (ork"orce# I" there should

arise an occurrence o" any real causality atemloyment site& the entire "orce is

de"initely abated do(n# It is constantly

su$$ested that a 8ealth and Sa"ety Pro$ram

ou$ht to be ad+anced so ro!ects could be

"inished on schedule and in the bud$et# there

should be health and sa"ety lan "or the

emloyees and also health and sa"ety

insector (ho $radually insect the

emloyee to o+ercome causality#