• Bones o Femur, Tibia, Patella

• Ligamentso Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)o Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)

o Cruciate = Crossing

o Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)o Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)

o Collateral = support / at the side

• Meniscuso Medial and lateral Meniscus

• Valgus forces• Swelling over the medial joint line• Decrease in ROM

• Grade 2 or higher should be placed in a straight leg immobilizer with crutches

• Typically does not require surgery for repair

http://www.sportsmd.com/SportsMD_WatchVideo/vid/313.aspx

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wPSXIltT0Bs (MUTE)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j_Mdm4v-ty8&feature=results_video&playnext=1&list=PLDD2266210072D934

• Rare injury• Very awkward mechanism• Varus force

• the angle pointing away from the midline• Force from the medial side of knee

• No surgery

RG IIIhttp://espn.go.com/nfl/story/_/id/8729737/robert-griffin-iii-washington-redskins-does-not-major-knee-injury

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ubP-1WaFeEc

• Very rare• May not need to be repaired• Strongest but least important ligament in

the knee• Hyperflexion• Often occurs when falling with a bent

knee• Common in car accidents when the knee

hits the dashboard

• Posterior Drawer Test

• Contact or non-contact• Usually considered a “cutting” injury• “pop” with immediate dysfunction• Usually associated with meniscus injury• 95% of cases require some surgery for

return to sports• 6 to 8 month rehabilitation• Autograft vs. Allograft

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrvHzaDxBug&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lpIOMuqXWrE&feature=related

• “cartilage”• Shock absorbers• Increase joint congruency• Increase joint stability• Injury Mechanism

o Rotationo Extreme knee flexion

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WuVHWZX91KY

• Decrease swelling/ecchymosis/pain• Increase ROM• Increase strength

o Within 85% of the uninvolved leg• Increase weight bearing• Increase function• Return to partial activity• Return to full activity

• ACL o Lachmanso Anterior Drawero Pivot-shift

• MCL o Valgus Stress Test

• LCL o Varus Stress Test

• PCLo Posterior Drawer

• Meniscuso McMurray Testo Bounce Home

• Patellofemoral Tests

Knee Replacement Surgery

Rugby is dangerous to the knees.

Basketball Dislocation.

The U.

Houston’s football team is terrible.