Behavioral TherapiesAP PSYCH
CH 13
Behavioral Therapies
A.k.a. behavior modification
2nd main branch of psychotherapies
Is based on the principles of behavioral learning Classical conditioning
Operant conditioning
Behaviors are LEARNED so they can be UNLEARNED
Focus on changing patient’s RESPONSE
Effective for treatment of bad habits, fears, addictions, aggression, compulsions, depression, delinquent behaviors
Behavio
ral
Thera
pie
sBased on Classical
Conditioning
Systematic Desensitization
Aversion Therapy
Based on Operant Conditioning
Contingency Management
Token Economy
Based on Observational
LearningParticipant Modeling
C.C. Therapiesa history
Mary Corver Jones – 1st person to implement behavioral therapy Peter feared rabbits. Brought it closer and
closer to him while he was eating.
Bed wetting – fluid-sensitive pad placed under patient. Moisture sets off alarm, patient wakes up. Effective in 75% of cases.
C.C. Review
UCS Naturally elicits the
UCR
NS Is paired with the UCS, becomes the
CS Which elicits the
CR Which is usually the same as the UCR
C.C. TherapiesSystematic Desensitization Anxiety disorders
Anxiety is extinguished by exposing the patient to an anxiety-provoking stimulus
First used by Joseph Wolpe
Process: Training program that teaches relaxation techniques
While they are relaxed, introduce thoughts about anxiety provoking situation
Work through a hierarchy, until exposed to that fear
GOAL: Learn to form a new association. Replace anxiety with relaxation.
Sample Anxiety Hierarchy For fear of public speaking
1. Seeing a picture of another person giving a speech
2. Watch another person give a speech
3. Prepare a speech that I will give
4. Having to introduce myself to a large group
5. Waiting to be called upon to speak in a meeting
6. Begin introduced as a speaking to a group
7. Walking to the podium to make a speech
8. Making a speech to a large group
Another form of systematic desensitization Exposure therapy – patient directly confronts
the anxiety-provoking stimulus
C.C. TherapiesAversion Therapy
Pair stimulus (behavior) that patient wants to stop with an unpleasant (aversive) stimuli
Used to treat smoking, drug use, alcoholism, violent aggressions, sexual behaviors (pedophilia), overeating
Unpleasant stimulus could be a foul odor, nausea inducing pill, shock
UCS(foul odor)
CS(cigarette smoking)
UCR(nausea)
CR
causes
pair
ed
wit
h
Operant Conditioning TherapiesContingency Management REVIEW: Based on rewards and punishments
Rewards increase chance behavior will occur
Punishments decrease chance behavior will occur
Positive – adding something
Negative – taking something away
Contingency Management – changing behavior by altering the consequences of behavior
Managing behavior problems; can be used effectively for children with A.S.D.
O.C. TherapiesToken Economies
REVIEW
Applied to groups
Involves distribution of “tokens” for desired behaviors
Redeem tokens for items or privileges
Works well for mental patients and prisoners
PROBLEM: Once reward ends, behavior often also ends
Observational Learning TherapyParticipant Modeling
Fears and anxieties can be LEARNED by OBSERVING others Parents unknowingly teach their children many
fears
So, fears can also be unlearned by observation
PARTICIPANT MODELING:
Therapist demonstrates a desired behavior and encourages client to imitate
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
CBT
Combines emphasis on thoughts with behavioral strategies
Changes the way people approach problems and develop new skills and self-efficacy
1. Modify irrational thoughts and replace with constructive coping statements
2. Set attainable behavioral goals
3. Develop strategies for attaining goals
4. Evaluate results
Form of CBT:Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy Developed by Albert Ellis
Goal: to help people eliminate self-defeating thought patterns
Based on the idea that irrational thoughts and behaviors cause mental disorders
Ellis believed that many people hold unrealistic values and goals Neurotic goals lead to unrealistic expectations
Ex: we cannot ALWAYS succeed
Being unable to meet goals can control our actions, stall us from leading best life
Treatment: includes changing irrational thoughts to rational ones
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2cOLJBPQZRA&list=PLfGOx-4FZikOvYe2aerIhRnqsEN5P1x4M